Sinomenine,a major active ingredient from traditional Chinese medicine Qingfengteng(Sinomenium acutum(Thunb.)Rehd.et Wils.),has been proven to have anti-inflammatory,analgesic,anti-tumor,immunomodulatory and other pha...Sinomenine,a major active ingredient from traditional Chinese medicine Qingfengteng(Sinomenium acutum(Thunb.)Rehd.et Wils.),has been proven to have anti-inflammatory,analgesic,anti-tumor,immunomodulatory and other pharmacological effects,and is clinically used for various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.However,due to complex molecular mechanisms and pathological characteristics in inflammatory and immune responses,the precise anti-inflammatory and immunological mechanisms of sinomenine are still unclear.This review summarizes the anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory mechanisms of sinomenine during recent years in rheumatoid arthritis,respiratory system,nervous system,digestive system and organ transplant rejection.The molecular pharmacological mechanisms of sinomenine responsible for anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects were in detail introduced based on 3 aspects including cytokines induction,signal pathways modulation and immune cells function regulation.Moreover,this review also raises some concerns and challenges in future sinomenine study,which will contribute to crucial theoretical and practical significance for in-depth development and utilization of sinomenine as medicinal resource.展开更多
Objective:The population density and diversity of Sinomenium acutum(Menispermaceae)have been greatly reduced recently by overharvesting for medicinal purposes in China.Therefore,it is urgent that the remaining populat...Objective:The population density and diversity of Sinomenium acutum(Menispermaceae)have been greatly reduced recently by overharvesting for medicinal purposes in China.Therefore,it is urgent that the remaining populations are investigated,and that strategies for the utilization and conservation of this species are developed.This study aimed to find the possible glacial refugia and define the genetic diversity of S.acutum for its proper utilization and conservation.Methods:A total of 77 S.acutum samples were collected from four locations,Qinling Mountains,Daba Mountains,Dalou Mountains,and Xuefeng Mountains,in subtropical China.Genetic diversity among and between these populations were phylogenetically analyzed using four chloroplast DNA molecular markers(atpI-atpH,trnQ-50 rps16,trnH-psbA and trnL-trnF).Results:A total of 14 haplotypes(C1 to C14)were found in collected samples.Haplotypes C1 and C3 were shared among all populations,with C3 as the ancestral haplotype.Haplotypes C11 and C12 diverged the most from C3 and other haplotypes.No obvious phylogeographic structure was found in four locations using the GST/NST test.There is no evidence of rapid demographic expansion in S.acutum based on the mismatch distribution,and the results of Tajima’s D test,and Fu’s FS test.Our analyses of molecular variance revealed a high level of genetic variation within populations.In contrast,the genetic differentiation among S.acutum populations was low,indicating frequent gene flow.Conclusion:Xuefeng,Dalou,and Daba Mountains were possible glacial refugia for the populations of S.acutum.C1,C3,C11 and C12 haplotypes of S.acutum should be carefully preserved and managed for their genetic value.展开更多
基金This research was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81973505)The National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFC1708902,2019YFC1711000).
文摘Sinomenine,a major active ingredient from traditional Chinese medicine Qingfengteng(Sinomenium acutum(Thunb.)Rehd.et Wils.),has been proven to have anti-inflammatory,analgesic,anti-tumor,immunomodulatory and other pharmacological effects,and is clinically used for various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.However,due to complex molecular mechanisms and pathological characteristics in inflammatory and immune responses,the precise anti-inflammatory and immunological mechanisms of sinomenine are still unclear.This review summarizes the anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory mechanisms of sinomenine during recent years in rheumatoid arthritis,respiratory system,nervous system,digestive system and organ transplant rejection.The molecular pharmacological mechanisms of sinomenine responsible for anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects were in detail introduced based on 3 aspects including cytokines induction,signal pathways modulation and immune cells function regulation.Moreover,this review also raises some concerns and challenges in future sinomenine study,which will contribute to crucial theoretical and practical significance for in-depth development and utilization of sinomenine as medicinal resource.
基金supported by the Hunan Provincial Major Science and Technology Project(2015SK1001)Changsha Science and Technology Plan(kq1801015)+1 种基金Project of Hunan Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2021212)Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine(HCSW2020-01).
文摘Objective:The population density and diversity of Sinomenium acutum(Menispermaceae)have been greatly reduced recently by overharvesting for medicinal purposes in China.Therefore,it is urgent that the remaining populations are investigated,and that strategies for the utilization and conservation of this species are developed.This study aimed to find the possible glacial refugia and define the genetic diversity of S.acutum for its proper utilization and conservation.Methods:A total of 77 S.acutum samples were collected from four locations,Qinling Mountains,Daba Mountains,Dalou Mountains,and Xuefeng Mountains,in subtropical China.Genetic diversity among and between these populations were phylogenetically analyzed using four chloroplast DNA molecular markers(atpI-atpH,trnQ-50 rps16,trnH-psbA and trnL-trnF).Results:A total of 14 haplotypes(C1 to C14)were found in collected samples.Haplotypes C1 and C3 were shared among all populations,with C3 as the ancestral haplotype.Haplotypes C11 and C12 diverged the most from C3 and other haplotypes.No obvious phylogeographic structure was found in four locations using the GST/NST test.There is no evidence of rapid demographic expansion in S.acutum based on the mismatch distribution,and the results of Tajima’s D test,and Fu’s FS test.Our analyses of molecular variance revealed a high level of genetic variation within populations.In contrast,the genetic differentiation among S.acutum populations was low,indicating frequent gene flow.Conclusion:Xuefeng,Dalou,and Daba Mountains were possible glacial refugia for the populations of S.acutum.C1,C3,C11 and C12 haplotypes of S.acutum should be carefully preserved and managed for their genetic value.
