A green economy is an economy that aims to reduce environmental risks and ecological scarcities,and that lines up sustainable development without degrading the environment.Waste can be solid,liquid,or gas and each typ...A green economy is an economy that aims to reduce environmental risks and ecological scarcities,and that lines up sustainable development without degrading the environment.Waste can be solid,liquid,or gas and each type has different methods of disposal and management.Since the common principles of management are efficiency and fairness,Blockchain as a peer-to-peer concept with a consensus mechanism is suitable for waste management.The paper presents the first stage of project“Blockchain in solid waste management”.From several points of view a review of solid waste management is performed,in which the blockchain has the major role:(1)problem definition and possible solutions;(2)Blockchain applications in solid waste management;(3)blockchain applications for different solid waste types;(4)blockchain elements for waste management;(5)blockchain in cooperation with other technologies.The author syntheses advanced sorting process,models of Blockchain in solid waste trading,and three use cases with selected granularity.The used design methodology is unified modelling language:activity diagrams and communication diagrams.The author applies the principles of supply and demand.The models are intended for business developers,university professors,and students.展开更多
Municipal solid waste(MSW)management has emerged as probably the most pressing issue many governments nowadays are facing.Traditionally,Waste-to-Energy(WtE)is mostly associated with incineration,but now,with the emerg...Municipal solid waste(MSW)management has emerged as probably the most pressing issue many governments nowadays are facing.Traditionally,Waste-to-Energy(WtE)is mostly associated with incineration,but now,with the emergence of the bioeconomy,it embraces a broader definition comprising any processing technique that can generate electricity/heat or produce a waste-derived fuel.Under the ambit of the circular economy many nations are looking for,additional effort must be made to be sure of acquiring the most updated information and paving a sustainable path for managing MSW in such a frame.In this regard,we have undertaken a critical review of various technologies,with their updated progress,involved in the exploitation of MSW as a renewable resource,along with the critical advantages and limitations on energy and material cycling for sustainable MSW management.Incineration,the most widely used method,is nowadays difficult to further apply due to its dubious reputation and social opposition.Meanwhile,to address the organic fraction of MSW which currently is mostly unrecycled and causes disposal issues,the biological approach presents an attractive option.The new emphasis of bioeconomy leads us to understand how environmental biotechnologies should be better connected/integrated for more sustainable MSW management.This article is concluded with advances of future prospects,which can serve as a timely reminder to encourage competent authorities/researchers to work towards further improvement of the present MSW management system.展开更多
It is important to make full use of waste generated in the iron and steel manufacturing process for energy saving,emission reduction,low carbon production and a circular economy.Based on research on different kinds of...It is important to make full use of waste generated in the iron and steel manufacturing process for energy saving,emission reduction,low carbon production and a circular economy.Based on research on different kinds of industrial solid wastes from Shougang Jingtang,wastes have been optimized for use in sintering.At first,basic tests for all kinds of solid wastes that may be used in sintering were carried out,including chemical composition,calorific value of a fuel,holding time at high temperatures,the sintering pot test,etc.The results show that the appropriate solid waste ratios for current sintering conditions are：steel slag〈5%,scale 2.0%,environmental ash 2.0%,and cyclone ash 1.0%;blast furnace dry ash,sintering electric field ash,and steelmaking ash should not be circulated in sintering.As for the fuel structure,both coking ash and nut coke should be below 15%.By optimizing the addition of solid wastes,the damage of harmful elements to sintering and blast furnaces has been significantly reduced,which satisfies the demands for blast furnace materials and earns benefits.The utilization of solid wastes has made a contribution to the circular economy and sustainable development.展开更多
Guimarães is a middle sized city and municipality located in northern Portugal.The municipality has committed to reducing the annual amount of undifferentiated municipal solid waste(MSW)from 371 kg/capita in 2021...Guimarães is a middle sized city and municipality located in northern Portugal.The municipality has committed to reducing the annual amount of undifferentiated municipal solid waste(MSW)from 371 kg/capita in 2021 to 120 kg/capita by 2030 under the Zero Waste Cities Certification process.In the municipality of Guimarães,one of the constant fractions of MSW composition is textile waste(TW),which the revised EU Waste Framework Directive requires separate collection by 1 January 2025.Therefore,two indicators of TW generation were analysed to identify waste collection routes with a high level of textile waste generation for the priority implementation of separate collection:TW composition in the undifferentiated MSW stream and TW generation per capita.Basic statistical analysis methods were used to process the source data of TW composition in the undifferentiated MSW stream.Cluster analysis was applied to the data set on TW generation per capita,considering the area typology(urban,rural or mixed)of collection routes.It was considered that 39%of the industrial sector of Guimarães consists of textile and clothing production and represents small-and medium-sized enterprises,which can affect TW generation in the undifferentiated MSW stream.Causal-comparative research was used to define the correlation between TW generation per capita and the economic activity of the textile and clothing industry in the municipality.As a result,applying a multi-disciplinary approach,a project of the Textile Waste Generation Map was presented.展开更多
文摘A green economy is an economy that aims to reduce environmental risks and ecological scarcities,and that lines up sustainable development without degrading the environment.Waste can be solid,liquid,or gas and each type has different methods of disposal and management.Since the common principles of management are efficiency and fairness,Blockchain as a peer-to-peer concept with a consensus mechanism is suitable for waste management.The paper presents the first stage of project“Blockchain in solid waste management”.From several points of view a review of solid waste management is performed,in which the blockchain has the major role:(1)problem definition and possible solutions;(2)Blockchain applications in solid waste management;(3)blockchain applications for different solid waste types;(4)blockchain elements for waste management;(5)blockchain in cooperation with other technologies.The author syntheses advanced sorting process,models of Blockchain in solid waste trading,and three use cases with selected granularity.The used design methodology is unified modelling language:activity diagrams and communication diagrams.The author applies the principles of supply and demand.The models are intended for business developers,university professors,and students.
文摘Municipal solid waste(MSW)management has emerged as probably the most pressing issue many governments nowadays are facing.Traditionally,Waste-to-Energy(WtE)is mostly associated with incineration,but now,with the emergence of the bioeconomy,it embraces a broader definition comprising any processing technique that can generate electricity/heat or produce a waste-derived fuel.Under the ambit of the circular economy many nations are looking for,additional effort must be made to be sure of acquiring the most updated information and paving a sustainable path for managing MSW in such a frame.In this regard,we have undertaken a critical review of various technologies,with their updated progress,involved in the exploitation of MSW as a renewable resource,along with the critical advantages and limitations on energy and material cycling for sustainable MSW management.Incineration,the most widely used method,is nowadays difficult to further apply due to its dubious reputation and social opposition.Meanwhile,to address the organic fraction of MSW which currently is mostly unrecycled and causes disposal issues,the biological approach presents an attractive option.The new emphasis of bioeconomy leads us to understand how environmental biotechnologies should be better connected/integrated for more sustainable MSW management.This article is concluded with advances of future prospects,which can serve as a timely reminder to encourage competent authorities/researchers to work towards further improvement of the present MSW management system.
文摘It is important to make full use of waste generated in the iron and steel manufacturing process for energy saving,emission reduction,low carbon production and a circular economy.Based on research on different kinds of industrial solid wastes from Shougang Jingtang,wastes have been optimized for use in sintering.At first,basic tests for all kinds of solid wastes that may be used in sintering were carried out,including chemical composition,calorific value of a fuel,holding time at high temperatures,the sintering pot test,etc.The results show that the appropriate solid waste ratios for current sintering conditions are：steel slag〈5%,scale 2.0%,environmental ash 2.0%,and cyclone ash 1.0%;blast furnace dry ash,sintering electric field ash,and steelmaking ash should not be circulated in sintering.As for the fuel structure,both coking ash and nut coke should be below 15%.By optimizing the addition of solid wastes,the damage of harmful elements to sintering and blast furnaces has been significantly reduced,which satisfies the demands for blast furnace materials and earns benefits.The utilization of solid wastes has made a contribution to the circular economy and sustainable development.
文摘Guimarães is a middle sized city and municipality located in northern Portugal.The municipality has committed to reducing the annual amount of undifferentiated municipal solid waste(MSW)from 371 kg/capita in 2021 to 120 kg/capita by 2030 under the Zero Waste Cities Certification process.In the municipality of Guimarães,one of the constant fractions of MSW composition is textile waste(TW),which the revised EU Waste Framework Directive requires separate collection by 1 January 2025.Therefore,two indicators of TW generation were analysed to identify waste collection routes with a high level of textile waste generation for the priority implementation of separate collection:TW composition in the undifferentiated MSW stream and TW generation per capita.Basic statistical analysis methods were used to process the source data of TW composition in the undifferentiated MSW stream.Cluster analysis was applied to the data set on TW generation per capita,considering the area typology(urban,rural or mixed)of collection routes.It was considered that 39%of the industrial sector of Guimarães consists of textile and clothing production and represents small-and medium-sized enterprises,which can affect TW generation in the undifferentiated MSW stream.Causal-comparative research was used to define the correlation between TW generation per capita and the economic activity of the textile and clothing industry in the municipality.As a result,applying a multi-disciplinary approach,a project of the Textile Waste Generation Map was presented.
