Study of the Diffusion Behavior of Seawater Absorption in Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Halloysite Nanotubes Hybrid Nanofillers Modified Epoxy-Based Glass/Carbon Fiber Composites

In the maritime industry, cost-effective and lightweight Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites offer excellent mechanical properties, design flexibility, and corrosion resistance. However, their reliability in harsh seawater conditions is a concern. Researchers address this by exploring three approaches: coating fiber surfaces, hybridizing fibers and matrices with or without nanofillers, and interply rearrangement. This study focuses on evaluating the synergistic effects of interply rearrangement of glass/carbon fibers and hybrid nanofillers, specifically Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and Halloysite nanotubes (HNT). The aim is to enhance impact properties by minimizing moisture absorption. Hybrid nanocomposites with equal-weight proportions of two nanofillers: 0 wt.%, 1 wt.%, and 2 wt.% were exposed to seawater for 90 days. Experimental data was subjected to modelling through the application of Predictive Fick’s Law. The study found that the hybrid composite containing 2 wt.% hybrid nanofillers exhibited a 22.10% increase in impact performance compared to non-modified counterparts. After 90 days of seawater aging, the material exhibited enhanced resistance to moisture absorption (15.74%) and minimal reduction in impact strength (8.52%) compared to its dry strength, with lower diffusion coefficients.

Enhancement of Dimensional Stability of Rigid PVC Foams Using E-Glass Fibers

Short cut E-glass fibers of two different lengths were used to determine the effect of glass fiber length on the dimensional stability of rigid Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) foam in this study. Glass fibers measuring, 1/16" and 1/32" at different concentrations (0 wt% - 20 wt%) were used to reinforce rigid PVC foams;the PVC foam-glass fiber (PVC-GF) composites were extruded using a single screw profile extruder. The extruded PVC-GF composites were characterized for their dimensional stability, structural, thermal, and mechanical properties. Experimental results show that the dimensional stability, heat resistance, and storage modulus were enhanced without compromising the tensile and flexural strengths of the composites. Thermal shrinkage decreased by almost 55% in composites reinforced with 1/32" GF and by 60% in composites reinforced with 1/16" GFs, with visible improvements to the shape distortion. Overall, foam composites which were prepared with longer (1/16") glass fibers exhibited better mechanical and thermal properties than those prepared with shorter (1/32") glass fibers. Microstructural observations suggest that this is due to better interlocking between the long fibers and the foam cells, which result in better load distribution in the matrix.

Effect of Stacking Sequences on the Mechanical and Damping Properties of Flax Glass Fiber Hybrid

The aim of this study is to show the interest of the mechanical and dynamical properties of glass-flax hybrid composites.Therefore,various staking sequences of glass-flax hybrid composites were manufactured and tested in free vibrations.The damping coefficients were identified by fitting the experimental responses of free-free bending vibrations.The obtained results show that the staking sequences and the position of flax fiber layers in the hybrid composites changed the properties,so a classification of different stacking sequences was established.In fact,the hybrid laminate made of two glass external layers placed on both sides of four flax layers is very interesting in term of its mechanical and damping properties.Indeed,it showed better specific bending modulus and loss factor than glass composites with proportions of 31 and 39%,respectively.A study of a structure of this composite has been made to validate the obtained results.

Static and Fatigue Behavior of Hybrid Bonded/Bolted Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Joints Under Tensile Loading

This paper presents the static and fatigue tests of hybrid(bonded/bolted)glass fiber reinforced polymer(GFRP)joints.Nine specimens of single-lap hybrid GFRP joints have been fabricated to study the static and fatigue behaviors in the experimental campaign.The static tests of uniaxial tension loading are first conducted,from which the static ultimate bearing capacities of the joints are obtained.High-cycle fatigue tests are subsequently carried out so that the fatigue failure mode,fatigue life,and stiffness degradation of joints can be obtained.The measuring techniques including acoustic emission monitoring and three-dimensional digital image correlation have been employed in the tests to record the damage development process.The results revealed that the static strength and fatigue behavior of such thick hybrid GFRP joints were controlled by the bolted connections.The four stages of fatigue failure process are obtained from tests and acoustic emission signals analysis:cumulative damage of adhesive layer,damage of the adhesive layer,cumulative damage of GFRP plate,and damage of GFRP plate.The fatigue life and stiffness degradation can be improved by more bolts.The S-N(fatigue stress versus life)curves for the fatigue design of the single-lap hybrid GFRP joints under uniaxial tension loading are also proposed.

Tensile and Stress Analysis of Hybrid Composite Prosthetic Socket Reinforced with Natural Fibers

Natural fibers and their composites are the evolving movements in material science,and with that,the utmost use of plant-based fibers has become the focus of this research.Sisal and cotton natural fibers were used to construct a prosthetic socket as an attempt to substitute material currently available in the manufacturing of sockets.The vacuum bagging technique was adopted to produce a below-knee socket.The influence of different fiber layering sequences on the volumetric and mechanical characteristics was estimated experimentally and numerically.Mechanical tensile tests were used to assess laminated specimens,such as tensile strength,young modulus,and elongation percentage.The number and type of reinforcing layers had an effect on mechanical properties,and the best composite specimens were three layers of sisal with two layers of carbon fiber,with tensile strength and modulus of elasticity reaching(261–4760)MPa,respectively.The finite element method(ANSYS-16.1)was used to anatomize by seeing the contours distribution of safety factor,equivalent Von Mises stress,equivalent Von Mises strain,and total deformation.This procedure was executed by building ten models for the socket,which served as three-dimensional structural composite materials.The results of the present study advocate that the arrangement of natural and synthetic reinforcements allow the preparation of bio-composites with enhanced performance.This work revealed the assets of sisal and cotton fiber hybrid reinforced PMMA resin composites(hybridized at diverse volume percentages and lamination layup),which have not been tried up to now.

Experimental Investigation on the Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Recently,addition of various natural fibers to high strength concrete has aroused great interest in the field of building materials.This is because natural fibers are much cheaper and locally available,as compare to synthetic fibers.Keeping in view,this current research conducted mainly focuses on the static properties of hybridized(sisal/coir),sisal and coir fiber-reinforced concrete.Two types of natural fibers sisal and coir were used in the experiment with different lengths of 10,20 and 30 mm and various natural fiber concentrations of 0.5%,1.0%,and 1.5%by mass of cement,to investigate the static properties of sisal fiber reinforced concrete(SFRC),coir fiber reinforced concrete(CFRC)and hybrid fiber reinforced concrete(HFRC).The results indicate that HFRC has increased the compressive strength up to 35.98%with the length of 20 mm and with 0.5%concentration,while the CFRC and SFRC with the length of 10 mm and with 1%concentration have increased the compressive strength up to 33.94%and 24.86%,respectively.On another hand,the split tensile strength was increased by HFRC with the length of 20 mm and with 1%concentration,CFRC with the length of 10 mm and with 1.5%concentration,and SFRC with the length of 30 mm and with 1%concentration have increased up to 25.48%,24.56%and 11.80%,respectively,while the HFRC with the length of 20 mm and with 0.5%concentration has increased the compressive strength of concrete but has decreased the split tensile strength up to 2.28%compared to PC.Overall,using the HFRC with the length of 20 mm and with 1%concentration provide the maximum output in terms of split tensile strength.

Transverse Compressive Properties of Carbon/Glass Hybrid Thermoplastic Composite Rods

Novel carbon/glass hybrid thermoplastic composite rods having different carbon/glass ratios (24K1P,24K2P,and 24K3P) are commercially fabricated.The transverse compressive properties of these three hybrid rods were investigated.The load-displacement curve showed large nonlinear behavior and a complicated shape.In the initial stage,the load gradually increased by increasing the deformation.In the second stage,the load-displacement relation was almost linearly proportional to the displacement (stable deformation region).Subsequently,the slope decreased slightly,before the load-displacement curve showed a clear slope increase as the deformation proceeded.The fracture behavior of the hybrid rods was examined using a digital microscope.The observed fracture paths formed almost straight lines running through the loading point,the center of the cross section of carbon fiber bundles/thermoplastic epoxy,as well as the interface between the glass fiber bundles/thermoplastic epoxy and the carbon fiber bundles/thermoplastic epoxy.

混杂网格增强超高性能混凝土双向板的弯曲性能

网格增强超高性能混凝土(ultra-high performance concrete,UHPC)具有轻质、高强、耐久性好等特性,已应用于薄壁结构和工程加固领域,但单一网格很难实现高效的增强增韧效应.为研究混杂网格增强UHPC双向板的抗弯性能,对3个钢丝网格与玻璃纤维网格混杂增强UHPC板、3个钢丝网格与玄武岩纤维网格混杂增强UHPC板、6个单一网格增强UHPC板和1个无网格UHPC对照板进行弯曲试验,研究网格种类、总层数及铺层方式对其破坏形态、承载能力和弯曲韧性的影响.结果表明:与单一钢丝网格板和单一玻璃纤维网格板相比,钢-玻璃纤维网格混杂板开裂后表现更显著的硬化现象,在连续网格与混杂短纤维协同效应下,板呈现多裂缝破坏模式,延性较理想.铺设2层网格时,钢-玻璃纤维网格混杂板的承载能力较单一钢丝网格板提升23.7%,且其在20 mm挠度处的残余承载力较单一玻璃纤维网格板提升28.2%;钢-玄武岩纤维网格混杂板峰前阶段的能量吸收值和20 mm挠度处的残余承载力均优于单一玄武岩纤维网格板.网格总层数为3层时,与单一玄武岩纤维网格板相比,2层钢丝网格与1层玄武岩纤维网格混杂增强板在峰前挠度为2 mm时的能量吸收值提高了21.6%,20 mm挠度处的残余承载力提高了42.6%.钢-玻璃纤维网格混杂板的网格强度利用率最理想,其承载能力、能量吸收值及弯曲韧性指标均高于钢-玄武岩纤维网格混杂板.最后,考虑网格强度有效利用率建立了混杂网格增强UHPC双向板抗弯承载力理论公式,适用性良好.

剑麻纤维与玻纤混杂增强PVC复合材料的性能研究

本文介绍采用短麻纤维(SF)和短玻纤(GF)混杂增强PVC基体,测定了复合材料的弯曲强度、弯曲模量、无缺口冲击强度以及耐水浸泡性能,并探讨了这一复合材料在水浸泡前后的力学性能及其界面行为.结果表明,此种复合材料在弯曲模量和无缺口冲击强度上存在正的混杂效应,而弯曲强度存在负的混杂效应;经水浸泡后,复合材料的弯曲强度、弯曲摸量和冲击强度都有不同程度的下降,而对于纯PVC基体,水浸泡后的弯曲强度和弯曲模量反而有所提高,因此可以认为,水浸泡对纯PVC基体在弯曲性能方面无不良影响,水分主要对纤维与基体的界面产生不良作用,导致复合材料性能下降.

大丝束碳纤维复合材料在风电叶片的应用

大功率风电机组尤其是海上风电大尺寸复合材料叶片对于材料的强度、耐疲劳性能及长期使用可靠性提出了更高的要求,高强度高刚度碳纤维增强复合材料拉挤板材为大尺寸风电叶片主梁结构提供了最佳解决方案。国产低成本大丝束碳纤维生产技术突破为碳纤维增强复合材料风电板材规模化应用奠定了基础,碳纤维/玻璃纤维(碳玻)混杂成型技术、碳纤维/聚氨酯体系拉挤成型技术为风电板材提供了更多可供选择的技术途径。本文结合上海石化48K大丝束碳纤维在风电领域应用研究成果及国内外风电板材新型技术进展,总结了大丝束碳纤维复合材料在风电叶片板材的应用途径。

玻璃与碳纤维混杂增强复合材料3D打印与实验

本研究基于热塑性材料熔融沉积成型工艺,研制了双喷头连续玻璃纤维与碳纤维混杂增强热塑性复合材料结构增材制造平台,制备了不同混杂比的纤维增强热塑性复合材料结构试件,分析了不同结构试件的弯曲力学性能与失效模式,探索了嵌入碳纤维智能层的混杂纤维增强热塑性复合材料的力阻行为。结果表明:比较纯热塑性材料结构件,玻璃纤维增强复合材料结构件弯曲强度提高了115.99%,碳纤维增强复合材料结构件弯曲强度提高了198.76%;玻璃纤维与碳纤维混杂增强复合材料结构件具有负弯曲强度混杂效应和正弯曲模量混杂效应。可根据碳纤维电阻相对变化率对混杂增强复合材料结构的应变与断裂破坏状态进行实时自感知。研究结果为连续玻璃纤维与碳纤维混杂增强热塑性复合材料结构件的高质高效制造与智能化提供了新工艺与新思路。

PVC/粉煤灰/玻璃纤维复合材料力学性能的研究

采用粉煤灰填充PVC,并添加玻璃纤维对复合材料进行增强。结果表明:在PVC中填加未经处理的粉煤灰后,体系力学性能随粉煤灰含量的增加而下降。用硅烷偶联剂和硬脂酸对粉煤灰进行表面处理后,共混体系的力学性能有所提高,且硅烷的处理效果要好一些。用玻璃纤维对该复合体系进行补强,填充量为8phr时,补强效果最佳。

短纤维增强PVC的力学性能研究

本文讨论了模压成型制成的短纤维增强PVC的制备方法和力学性能,主要探讨了纤维含量、纤维长度、混杂纤维效应等对复合材料拉伸、弯曲和冲击性能的影响。

复合型高分子光稳定剂的合成及在PVC/剑麻纤维复合材料中的应用

以2-(2',4'-二羟基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、4-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯、聚乙二醇单甲醚丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸十八醇酯为原料,合成了三种复合型高分子光稳定剂P(HAPBT-co-MTMP-co-OA)、P(HAPBT-coMTMP-co-m PEGA)、P(HAPBT-co-MTMP-co-OA-co-m PEGA),然后将其应用到PVC/剑麻纤维(PVC/SF)复合材料中改善材料的抗紫外光老化性能。采用扫描电镜观察了添加与未添加光稳定剂P(HAPBT-co-MTMP-co-OA-co-m PEGA)的复合材料老化前后的表面微观形貌,结果表明添加该光稳定剂的复合材料表面裸露的剑麻纤维与裂纹明显少于未添加光稳定剂的材料。通过测定老化后复合材料的拉伸强度保持率、表面接触角、羰基指数、热迁移性能考察光稳定剂的应用效果。结果表明随着老化时间的延长,PVC/SF复合材料的拉伸强度保持率均有所下降,但添加光稳定剂可以明显减缓拉伸强度保持率的下降;随着材料老化程度加深,材料表面接触角降低,而羰基指数有所增加,表明裸露出的剑麻纤维表面积逐渐增大;热损失率测定结果表明高分子光稳定剂具有较好的耐热水迁移性能。三种高分子光稳定剂中P(HAPBT-co-MTMP-co-OA-co-m PEGA)对复合材料的紫外光老化综合效果最好,说明光稳定剂的添加可以提高材料的耐紫外光老化性能,从而延长材料的使用寿命。

玻璃纤维增强PVC/ABS合金材料性能的研究

研究不同玻璃纤维(GF)填充量和不同处理工艺对PVC/ABS合金力学性能以及维卡软化温度的影响。研究结果表明:随着玻璃纤维添加份数的增加,PVC/ABS合金的拉伸性能和维卡软化温度有不同程度的提高,缺口冲击强度有所下降。其中经硅烷偶联剂改性过的玻璃纤维力学性能和维卡软化温度都会好于未改性的玻璃纤维。

玻璃纤维增强聚氯乙烯（GFRPVC）复合材料的研究

本文考察了玻璃纤维增强聚氯乙烯（ＧＦＲＰＶＣ）中玻璃纤维的表面处理及加入量对力学性能的影响。并用ＳＥＭ对ＧＦＲＰＶＣ的界面及其对ＧＦＲＰＶＣ力学性能的影响进行研究。结果表明：当玻纤为３０ｗｔ％时，ＧＦＲＰＶＣ板的拉伸强度为１１０ＭＰａ，弯曲强度为１９０ＭＰａ，为刚性聚氯乙烯（ＲＰＶＣ）的两倍；拉伸模量为８．８ＧＰａ，弯曲模量为８．９ＧＰａ，是ＲＰＶＣ的三倍；悬臂梁缺口冲击强度达１４０Ｊ／ｍ，接近ＲＰＶＣ的四倍；达到了一般工程塑料的性能水平。热膨胀系数下降到２．２３（×１０－５）℃－１，ＨＤＴ增加到８４℃。

大展弦比混杂纤维复合材料机翼的强度及失效分析

以大展弦比机翼为研究对象,基于经典层合板理论和Tsai-Wu失效准则,考虑几何非线性效应,用流固耦合数值模拟方法,重点研究碳/玻纤维混杂比、铺层相对位置、铺层角度对机翼强度及失效特性的影响。研究表明:碳/玻纤维混杂比=8∶2为最佳纤维混杂比,机翼可兼顾高强度、低成本;玻璃纤维铺设在蒙皮对称中面位置时,机翼的强度及安全性更高,玻璃纤维铺设位置的变化不会对机翼的弹性变形产生显著影响;在不同混杂比下,以±45°铺层角度铺设的机翼整体力学性能更稳定,失效概率更低。

风电叶片用大丝束碳纤维拉挤板的应用现状与挑战

综述了风电叶片用大丝束碳纤维拉挤板的应用现状和挑战。风电叶片用碳纤维拉挤板以连续大丝束碳纤维和高性能环氧树脂经热固化拉挤成型工艺连续生产而成,主要用作海上风电叶片的主梁;当前风电叶片用碳纤维拉挤板面临提高性能(包括压缩性能、层间性能、拼接性能)和降低成本的挑战;碳/玻混拉挤板作为一种低成本拉挤板,可为叶片设计、减重、降本提供更多可能;预计随着海上风电的发展及大丝束碳纤维国产化进程加速,大丝束碳纤维在风电领域的应用会进一步增长。

玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯/尼龙混杂板材的制备与性能研究

玻璃纤维增强热塑性复合材料具有重复成型、高韧性、高耐久性、可设计、环境友好及可回收利用等优势。为解决由聚丙烯树脂粘度高与尼龙树脂吸水率高引起的复合材料成型工艺与耐久性问题,本项目采用模压工艺研发并制备了玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯/尼龙混杂复合材料板材,研究了混杂模式对于板材力学性能与热性能的影响规律与机理,比较分析了水分子在混杂复合材料内的扩散行为。研究发现,单层层间交替混杂模式板材具有最高的力学性能,拉伸、弯曲和剪切强度最大提升率为132.8%、127.4%和110.4%,归因于混杂板材中两种预浸带在层间粘结-挤压作用下协同受力,材料性能充分发挥;相比之下,五层预浸带层间交替混杂模式板材存在明显薄弱界面层,削弱了板材整体协同受力作用。此外,混杂板材由于聚丙烯树脂憎水性以及逐层交替混杂模式,延缓或阻止了水分子在尼龙树脂内部的吸收和扩散行为,导致混杂板材吸水率大幅下降,这对于提升尼龙树脂基复合材料的耐久性具有重要意义。