Objective To investigate current surgical site infection and perioperative antibiotics in inpatients and explore the controlling aim and methods. Methods The infection rates of surgical sites of 287 operated cases fro...Objective To investigate current surgical site infection and perioperative antibiotics in inpatients and explore the controlling aim and methods. Methods The infection rates of surgical sites of 287 operated cases from May to Dec 31,2007 were studied and compared with展开更多
The available models for eff ective periods of site and structure are reviewed in context of frequency tuning in the inelastic seismic response of soil-structure system. The eff ect of seismic intensity and ductility ...The available models for eff ective periods of site and structure are reviewed in context of frequency tuning in the inelastic seismic response of soil-structure system. The eff ect of seismic intensity and ductility demand, on the eff ective periods, is investigated, and inelastic site amplifi cation is shown to be strongly correlated to the normalized eff ective period. Two non-dimensional parameters, analogous to the conventional site amplifi cation factors in codes, are defi ned to quantify the inelastic site amplifi cation. It is shown that the inelastic site amplifi cation factor (i.e. ratio of constant ductility spectral ordinates at soil site to those at rock outcrop) is able to represent the site eff ects more clearly, as compared to the inelastic site amplifi cation ratio (i.e. ratio of inelastic spectral ordinates at soil site to the corresponding elastic spectral ordinates at rock outcrop). Further, the peak in the amplifi cation factor corresponding to the eff ective site period diminishes rapidly with increasing ductility demand.展开更多
Strong-motion site effect was checked for four sites at comparable epicentral distances from the March 11, 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku earthquake in Japan. The result showed that site condition had a significant impact on peak ...Strong-motion site effect was checked for four sites at comparable epicentral distances from the March 11, 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku earthquake in Japan. The result showed that site condition had a significant impact on peak acceleration, and on maximal amplitude and characteristic period of its response spectrum. Shorter-period seismic waves were amplified mainly in shallower soils, while longer-period waves in deeper soft rocks and soils, where the characteristic periods of response spectra were longer than those on ground surface.展开更多
This paper aimed to examine the site dependence and evaluate the methods for site analysis of far-source ground motions. This was achieved through the examination of frequency content estimated by different methods ba...This paper aimed to examine the site dependence and evaluate the methods for site analysis of far-source ground motions. This was achieved through the examination of frequency content estimated by different methods based on strong ground motions recorded at twelve far-source stations in Shandong province during the Wenchuan earthquake. The stations were located in sites with soil profiles ranging from code classes Ⅰ to Ⅲ. Approaches used included the Fourier amplitude spectrum （FAS）, the earthquake response spectrum （ERS）, the spectral ratio between the horizontal and the vertical components （H/V）, the spectral ratio between the spectra at the site and at a reference site （SRRS）, and coda wave analysis （CWA）. Results showed that major periods of these ground motions obtained by FAS, ERS and H/V ratio methods were all evidently larger than site dominant periods; the periods were also different from each other and mainly reflected the frequency content of long period components. Prominent periods obtained by the SRRS approach neither illuminated the long period aspect nor efficiently determined site features of the motions. The CWA resulted in a period close to site period for stations with good quality recordings. The results obtained in this study will be useful for the evaluation of far-source effect in constructing seismic design spectra and in selecting methods for ground motion site analysis.展开更多
全新世时期形成的连续性古洪积层是追溯古环境信息的可靠记录。重庆市丰都县玉溪遗址存在多期连续的文化层与洪积层,但已有研究并未系统分析该遗址区的古洪水发生机制及其气候背景,并且缺乏基于多期古洪积层的周期性研究。(1)本文基于...全新世时期形成的连续性古洪积层是追溯古环境信息的可靠记录。重庆市丰都县玉溪遗址存在多期连续的文化层与洪积层,但已有研究并未系统分析该遗址区的古洪水发生机制及其气候背景,并且缺乏基于多期古洪积层的周期性研究。(1)本文基于动物骨屑AMS ^(14)C年代数据,用Bacon程序拟合玉溪遗址剖面的沉积-年代关系,判定玉溪剖面古洪积层形成时段为约6.4 ka BP~7.3 ka BP。(2)古洪水沉积序列的粒度和端元分析结果显示,玉溪古洪积层由细粉砂-粉砂组成,表明古洪积层为溢岸憩流和滞水缓流堆积而成。(3)孢粉组合、磁化率、Rb/Sr和Si/Al比值等环境指标显示,玉溪剖面的古洪水沉积经历了早期湿热、中期温干、晚期暖湿三个阶段,其中古洪积层在温干阶段的沉积速率最大(30 cm·(100a)^(-1)),而且古洪水发生的频率亦高于湿热期。(4)古洪水沉积序列的小波功率谱分布特征表明,玉溪剖面的古洪水存在约30 a的短周期和约350 a的长周期;其长周期与区域性气候冷事件相关、短周期与ENSO事件导致的夏季风异常有关。本文提出的搬运洪积物的三种动力类型、干湿期古洪水的沉积速率差异以及古洪水泛滥的长短周期,对研究新石器早期重庆地区的人地关系和长江上游的洪水发生机制有参考意义。展开更多
文摘Objective To investigate current surgical site infection and perioperative antibiotics in inpatients and explore the controlling aim and methods. Methods The infection rates of surgical sites of 287 operated cases from May to Dec 31,2007 were studied and compared with
文摘The available models for eff ective periods of site and structure are reviewed in context of frequency tuning in the inelastic seismic response of soil-structure system. The eff ect of seismic intensity and ductility demand, on the eff ective periods, is investigated, and inelastic site amplifi cation is shown to be strongly correlated to the normalized eff ective period. Two non-dimensional parameters, analogous to the conventional site amplifi cation factors in codes, are defi ned to quantify the inelastic site amplifi cation. It is shown that the inelastic site amplifi cation factor (i.e. ratio of constant ductility spectral ordinates at soil site to those at rock outcrop) is able to represent the site eff ects more clearly, as compared to the inelastic site amplifi cation ratio (i.e. ratio of inelastic spectral ordinates at soil site to the corresponding elastic spectral ordinates at rock outcrop). Further, the peak in the amplifi cation factor corresponding to the eff ective site period diminishes rapidly with increasing ductility demand.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41004020)the Director Foundation of Institute of Seismology,China Earthquake Administration(IS200926044)
文摘Strong-motion site effect was checked for four sites at comparable epicentral distances from the March 11, 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku earthquake in Japan. The result showed that site condition had a significant impact on peak acceleration, and on maximal amplitude and characteristic period of its response spectrum. Shorter-period seismic waves were amplified mainly in shallower soils, while longer-period waves in deeper soft rocks and soils, where the characteristic periods of response spectra were longer than those on ground surface.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (50808168)Ministry of Science and Technology of Weihai (2008087)Foundation of Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai (HIT(Y)200801)
文摘This paper aimed to examine the site dependence and evaluate the methods for site analysis of far-source ground motions. This was achieved through the examination of frequency content estimated by different methods based on strong ground motions recorded at twelve far-source stations in Shandong province during the Wenchuan earthquake. The stations were located in sites with soil profiles ranging from code classes Ⅰ to Ⅲ. Approaches used included the Fourier amplitude spectrum （FAS）, the earthquake response spectrum （ERS）, the spectral ratio between the horizontal and the vertical components （H/V）, the spectral ratio between the spectra at the site and at a reference site （SRRS）, and coda wave analysis （CWA）. Results showed that major periods of these ground motions obtained by FAS, ERS and H/V ratio methods were all evidently larger than site dominant periods; the periods were also different from each other and mainly reflected the frequency content of long period components. Prominent periods obtained by the SRRS approach neither illuminated the long period aspect nor efficiently determined site features of the motions. The CWA resulted in a period close to site period for stations with good quality recordings. The results obtained in this study will be useful for the evaluation of far-source effect in constructing seismic design spectra and in selecting methods for ground motion site analysis.
文摘全新世时期形成的连续性古洪积层是追溯古环境信息的可靠记录。重庆市丰都县玉溪遗址存在多期连续的文化层与洪积层,但已有研究并未系统分析该遗址区的古洪水发生机制及其气候背景,并且缺乏基于多期古洪积层的周期性研究。(1)本文基于动物骨屑AMS ^(14)C年代数据,用Bacon程序拟合玉溪遗址剖面的沉积-年代关系,判定玉溪剖面古洪积层形成时段为约6.4 ka BP~7.3 ka BP。(2)古洪水沉积序列的粒度和端元分析结果显示,玉溪古洪积层由细粉砂-粉砂组成,表明古洪积层为溢岸憩流和滞水缓流堆积而成。(3)孢粉组合、磁化率、Rb/Sr和Si/Al比值等环境指标显示,玉溪剖面的古洪水沉积经历了早期湿热、中期温干、晚期暖湿三个阶段,其中古洪积层在温干阶段的沉积速率最大(30 cm·(100a)^(-1)),而且古洪水发生的频率亦高于湿热期。(4)古洪水沉积序列的小波功率谱分布特征表明,玉溪剖面的古洪水存在约30 a的短周期和约350 a的长周期;其长周期与区域性气候冷事件相关、短周期与ENSO事件导致的夏季风异常有关。本文提出的搬运洪积物的三种动力类型、干湿期古洪水的沉积速率差异以及古洪水泛滥的长短周期,对研究新石器早期重庆地区的人地关系和长江上游的洪水发生机制有参考意义。
