Siting of Dark Sky Reserves in China Based on Multi-source Spatial Data and Multiple Criteria Evaluation Method

With the rapid development of population and urbanization and the progress of lighting technology, the influence of artificial light sources has increased.In this context, the problem of light pollution has attracted wide attention.Previous studies have revealed that light pollution can affect biological living environments, human physical and mental health, astronomical observations and many other aspects.Therefore, organizations internationally have begun to advocate for measures to prevent light pollution, many of which are recognized by the International Dark-Sky Association(IDA).In addition to improving public awareness, legal protections, technical treatments and other means, the construction of Dark Sky Reserves(DSR) has proven to be an effective preventive measure.So far, as a pioneer practice in this field, the IDA has identified 11 DSRs worldwide.Based on the DA requirements for DSRs, this paper utilizes NPP-VIIRS nighttime light data and other multi-source spatial data to analyze possible DSR sites in China.The land of China was divided into more than ten thousand 30 km × 30 km fishnets, and constraint and suitable conditions were designated, respectively, as light and cloud conditions, and scale, traffic and attractiveness conditions.Using a multiple criteria evaluation, 1443 fishnets were finally selected as most suitable sites for the construction of DSRs.Results found that less than 25% of China is not subject to light pollution, and less than 13% is suitable for DSR construction, primarily in western and northern areas, including Tibet, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu and Inner Mongolia.

Charging Pile Siting Recommendations via the Fusion of Points of Interest and Vehicle Trajectories

By mining of the requirements of lots of electric vehicle users for charging piles, this paper proposes the charging pile siting algorithm via the fusion of Points of Interest and vehicle trajectories. The proposed algorithm computes appropriate charging pile locations by: 1) mining user Points of Interest from social network; 2) mining parking sites of vehicle form GPS trajectories and 3) fusing the Points of Interest and parking sites together then clustering the fusions with our improved DBSCAN algorithm, whose clustering results indicates the final appropriate charging pile locations. Experimental results show that our proposed methods are more efficient than existing methods.

Landform Classification for Community Siting: A case Study in Quxian County, China

This study is to explore a suitable method to classify landform, in order to support the decision making for community siting in mountainous areas.It first proposes the landform classification for community siting(LCCS) method with detailed discussions on its rationality and the chosen parameters.This method is then tested and verified in Quxian county.The LCCS method entails twograde parameters, which uses relative relief as the first grading parameter, slope as the second, followed by a synthesis process to form a suitable landform classification system.By applying the LCCS method in Quxian county, the result shows that its use of watershed to identify geomorphometric units, and its use of the altitude datum concept, can effectively classify landform according to the local cultural traditions, and the economic and environmental conditions.The verification result shows that comparing to the conventional methods, the LCCS method respects to people's daily experience due to its bottom-up approach.It not only help to minimize the disturbance to the nature when choosing locations for community development, but also helps to prepare more precise land management policies,which maximizes agricultural production and minimizes terrain transformation.

Optimal Siting of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Based on Voronoi Diagram and FAHP Method

The electric vehicle charging station should be allocated based on traffic density, geographical distribution and other factors, and Voronoi diagram is adopted to set the service area of charging station. In combination with the actual situation of site selection of electric vehicle charging station, the comprehensive benefits index system is established. There are numerous factors influencing the site selection, among which there are uncertainty and fuzziness. The comprehensive evaluation method based on the fuzzy analysis and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to evaluate the comprehensive benefits in the site selection of electric vehicle charging stations, with the consultation of experts. This paper contributes to the best selection of comprehensive benefits and provides the reference for the decision-making of building the electric vehicle charging station. Actual examples show that the method proposed is effective.

Post Evaluation of Wind Resource Assessment and Micro-Siting

The design energy productions deviate from the actual situation, which are affected by the accuracy of two significant factors - the wind resource assessment and wind farm micro-siting. A running wind farm in northern China was taken as the object in this investigation. The measured data obtained in operation phase and the relevant information in design phase were integrated and a post evaluation of wind resource assessment, micro-siting and generating capacity reduction factors of the wind farm in design phase was provided. The results indicate that the representative year wind regimes of the wind farm in design phase can basically reflect the wind conditions in the wind farm without the consideration of the trends of long-term changes in wind speed;micro-siting project in design phase is superior to that in practical;generating capacity reduction factors, overall on the high side, should be further optimized considering 20-year operation period.

Relative Importance Analysis of Factors Influencing Unauthorized Siting of Residential Buildings in the Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis of Ghana

The act of unauthorized siting of buildings has persisted in most developing countries. Despite numerous efforts at local levels to address this problem, its existence and effects keep on rising in various metropolises in Ghana. This research explores the causes of unauthorized siting of buildings in Asakae, a suburb of the Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis, and suggests measures to curb them. In view of this, a sample size of 182 house-owners was chosen for the study. Accordingly, the sample size was determined using Fisher et al. formula and questionnaire survey approach was adopted for the study. More so, data generated from the survey were further analyzed, using Relative Importance Index. The findings of the survey indicated that ignorance on planning and building regulations, inadequate housing schemes, unrealistic zonings and the location of land are critical variables which influence unauthorized siting of buildings. It is recommended that the populace should be given regular public education on land-use planning and the building regulations of Ghana. More so, the Assemblies should automate their systems, with respect to monitoring and detection of buildings under construction;so that buildings that were being located at unapproved places could be quickly detected, and appropriate measures could be taken before their completion.

Anti-seismic research on nuclear engineering siting

Nuclear engineering belongs to significant project;there is higher requirement on sitings.The study has discussed basic factors of selecting sites,anti-seismic research on sitings including the seismic ground motion,probability methods of seismic hazard analysis as well as interaction about structure and foundation,meanwhile provide the reason for nuclear engineering selecting sites.

A GIS-Based Suitability Analysis for Siting a Solid Waste Incineration Power Plant in an Urban Area Case Study: Alexandria Governorate, Egypt

Solid waste represents a key issue that threatens environmental quality in Egyptian urban areas. One of the most viable options to treat such an issue is to incinerate the collected solid waste for electricity generation, which can reduce the cost of solid waste disposal as well as pollution and generate surplus energy. Selecting appropriate site for a solid waste incineration power plant is a crucial step due to its economic and environmental implications. This would require assessing various constraining and favorable factors that determine feasibility and sustainability of the power plant site. This paper is intended to develop a GIS-based model for siting a municipal solid waste incineration power plant in Alexandria governorate, Egypt. For this purpose, five criteria are considered and a composite index was suggested to integrate these criteria in a numerical term reflecting suitability of various parts of the governorate for siting solid waste incineration power plant.

Landfill Siting Evaluation Using GIS and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Method: A Case Study: Dammam Municipal Solid Waste Landfill

Waste landfills are a prominent global issue that does not concern a country without the other because of its long-term effects especially in the environmental aspect. As these pose an environmental threat to water, air and soil;and directly affect human life and health. Accordingly, this research uses the integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approaches to assess the location of the municipal solid waste dump in Dammam, which was established in (2000AD) twenty years ago, due to the lack of recent studies assessing the current status of the landfill and whether it is in a suitable location and keeps pace with the population and urbanization increase in the region. For this purpose, the researchers are using the tools and techniques of GIS to evaluate eight criteria on the study area. The required standards were directed to the landfill site and transformed into maps that represent the most important economic, social, environmental, geological, geomorphological and Public Acceptance standards. These standards have been processed using the tools of spatial and statistical analyses. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is implemented in geographical information system for building the suitable cartographic model, and thus allowed to determine the suitable degree of Dammam municipal solid waste landfill site in light of the study criteria. The study concluded that the current landfill site achieves a good degree of suitability, as it achieved 63% measured against the quality standards set by the study, and that the current landfill site conforms to most of the criteria in this study to a good degree. But it violates two standards, which are distance from wells standard and distance between landfill and the center of waste generation standard.

Upgrade of Transportation Infrastructure and Siting of Polluting Enterprises:The Case of High-Speed Railway Launch in China

With the quasi-natural experiment of the launching of high-speed railways in Chinese cities,this paper empirically investigated the effects of the upgrade of the transportation infrastructure on the site selection of polluting enterprises.We found that although the launching of a high-speed railway generally has a negative impact on the siting of polluting enterprises:(i)While there was a significant decrease in polluting enterprises of a private and other nature,the reduction in overseas-funded and state-owned enterprises was insignificant;(ii)while the launching of a high-speed railway greatly restrained the entry of polluting enterprises in the eastern region,large cities and more developed cities,this was followed by the movement of more polluting enterprises to the central and western regions,small and medium-sized cities and less developed cities;(iii)there was a significant decrease in polluting enterprises in environmentally conscious cities after the launching of a high-speed railway.This paper also found that infrastructure upgrade may influence the siting of polluting enterprises through the following:Environmental cleanness,factor concentration and spatial integration.Government authorities and market entities should be fully aware of and attach great importance to how the transportation infrastructure influences the site selection of businesses,as this is of great significance for China’s regional development planning,local business climate and investment planning,environmental protection,and other related policymaking initiatives.

Current status of the geological disposal programme and an overview of the safety case at the pre-siting stage in Japan

In Japan,high-level radioactive waste and specific low-level radioactive waste which includes long-lived radionuclides are planned to be disposed of in the geological formations at depths greater than 300 m.The disposal site will be selected through a stepwise site investigation process that consists of a Literature Survey,Preliminary Investigation,and Detailed Investigation phases.In October 2020 a Literature Survey was launched in Japan at two municipalities in Hokkaido for the first time since NUMO initiated a nationwide call for volunteer municipalities in 2002,and the outcomes are currently being compiled.To enhance the public’s understanding of how to implement safe geological disposal in Japan based on the latest scientific knowledge and technology,NUMO,as the implementing organisation,developed and published a safety case for geological disposal at the pre-siting stage.This safety case provides multiple lines of arguments and evidence to demonstrate the feasibility of the geological disposal and a basic structure for a safety case that will be applicable to any potential sites in Japan.The safety case also presented some R&D challenges to enhance the technical confidence of the project,including the R&D topics related to rock mechanics.This report presents the current status of the geological disposal programme in Japan,together with the status of the Literature Survey phase and an overview of the NUMO safety case.

Development and technology status of energy storage in depleted gas reservoirs

Utilizing energy storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs can improve productivity while reducing power costs and is one of the best ways to achieve synergistic development of"Carbon Peak–Carbon Neutral"and"Underground Resource Utiliza-tion".Starting from the development of Compressed Air Energy Storage(CAES)technology,the site selection of CAES in depleted gas and oil reservoirs,the evolution mechanism of reservoir dynamic sealing,and the high-flow CAES and injection technology are summarized.It focuses on analyzing the characteristics,key equipment,reservoir construction,application scenarios and cost analysis of CAES projects,and sorting out the technical key points and existing difficulties.The devel-opment trend of CAES technology is proposed,and the future development path is scrutinized to provide reference for the research of CAES projects in depleted oil and gas reservoirs.

Research on Site Planning of Mobile Communication Network

In this paper,considering the cost of base station,coverage,call quality,and other practical factors,a multi-objective optimal site planning scheme is proposed.Firstly,based on practical needs,mathematical modeling methods were used to establish mathematical expressions for the three sub-objectives of cost objectives,coverage objectives,and quality objectives.Then,a multi-objective optimization model was established by combining threshold and traffic volume constraints.In order to reduce the time complexity of optimization,a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm(NSGA)is used to solve the multi-objective optimization problem of site planning.Finally,a strategy for clustering and optimizing weak coverage areas was proposed.In order to avoid redundant neighborhood retrieval during cluster expansion,the Fast Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise(FDBSCAN)clustering method was adopted.With different sub-objectives as the main objectives,this paper obtained the distribution map of weak coverage areas before and after the establishment of new base stations,as well as relevant site planning maps,and provided three planning schemes for different main objectives.The simulation results show that the traffic coverage of the three station planning schemes is above 90%.The change in the main optimization objective will result in a significant difference between the cost of the three solutions and the coverage of weak coverage points.

Dispersed Wind Power Planning Method Considering Network Loss Correction with Cold Weather

In order to play a positive role of decentralised wind power on-grid for voltage stability improvement and loss reduction of distribution network,a multi-objective two-stage decentralised wind power planning method is proposed in the paper,which takes into account the network loss correction for the extreme cold region.Firstly,an electro-thermal model is introduced to reflect the effect of temperature on conductor resistance and to correct the results of active network loss calculation;secondly,a two-stage multi-objective two-stage decentralised wind power siting and capacity allocation and reactive voltage optimisation control model is constructed to take account of the network loss correction,and the multi-objective multi-planning model is established in the first stage to consider the whole-life cycle investment cost of WTGs,the system operating cost and the voltage quality of power supply,and the multi-objective planning model is established in the second stage.planning model,and the second stage further develops the reactive voltage control strategy of WTGs on this basis,and obtains the distribution network loss reduction method based on WTG siting and capacity allocation and reactive power control strategy.Finally,the optimal configuration scheme is solved by the manta ray foraging optimisation(MRFO)algorithm,and the loss of each branch line and bus loss of the distribution network before and after the adoption of this loss reduction method is calculated by taking the IEEE33 distribution system as an example,which verifies the practicability and validity of the proposed method,and provides a reference introduction for decision-making for the distributed energy planning of the distribution network.

可持续场地倡议(SITES)评价体系在中国城市绿地建设中的研究进展及适用性讨论

建设可持续的城市绿地是风景园林行业实现可持续发展的重要途径。然而,中国目前缺乏指导可持续景观建设的标准体系。可持续场地倡议(SITES)体系的提出和引入为国内相关研究提供了新的切入点。以SITES评价体系为研究对象,概述其起源、主要内容等,明确其在城市绿地项目建设中的应用价值,全面总结了SITES评价体系在国内研究与应用方面的进展,同时深入探讨了其在中国城市绿地建设中的适用性和局限性。SITES在关注“场地”尺度、覆盖全生命周期、设置“门槛”条件以及全球统一标准等方面展现了较强的适用性,然而,在实际应用于中国城市绿地项目时存在一定的局限性,包括SITES标准与国内标准规范的不匹配,分值权重的失衡,缺乏政府相关福利政策支持和推广受限制等问题。

Tau truncation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease:a narrative review

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by two major neuropathological hallmarks—the extracellularβ-amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles consisting of aggregated and hyperphosphorylated Tau protein.Recent studies suggest that dysregulation of the microtubuleassociated protein Tau,especially specific proteolysis,could be a driving force for Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration.Tau physiologically promotes the assembly and stabilization of microtubules,whereas specific truncated fragments are sufficient to induce abnormal hyperphosphorylation and aggregate into toxic oligomers,resulting in them gaining prion-like characteristics.In addition,Tau truncations cause extensive impairments to neural and glial cell functions and animal cognition and behavior in a fragment-dependent manner.This review summarizes over 60 proteolytic cleavage sites and their corresponding truncated fragments,investigates the role of specific truncations in physiological and pathological states of Alzheimer's disease,and summarizes the latest applications of strategies targeting Tau fragments in the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Effect of ankle versus thigh tourniquets on post-operative pain in foot and ankle surgery

BACKGROUND Tourniquets are commonly used in elective extremity orthopaedic surgery to reduce blood loss,improve visualization in the surgical field,and to potentially reduce surgical time.There is a lack of consensus in existing guidelines regarding the optimal tourniquet pressure,placement site,and duration of use.There is a paucity of data on the relationship between the site of a tourniquet and postoperative pain in foot and ankle surgery.AIM To explore the relationship between tourniquet site and intensity of post-operative pain scores in patients undergoing elective foot and ankle surgery.METHODS Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on 201 patients who underwent foot and ankle surgery in a single institution was undertaken.Intraoperative tourniquet duration,tourniquet pressure and site,and postoperative pain scores using Visual Analogue Score were collected in immediate recovery,at six hours and at 24 h post-op.Scatter plots were used to analyse the data and to assess for the statistical correlation between tourniquet pressure,duration,site,and pain scores using Pearson correlation coefficient.RESULTS All patients who underwent foot and ankle surgery had tourniquet pressure of 250 mmHg for ankle tourniquet and 300 mmHg for thigh.There was no correlation between the site of the tourniquet and pain scores in recovery,at six hours and after 24 h.There was a weak correlation between tourniquet time and Visual Analogue Score immediately post-op(r=0.14,P=0.04)but not at six or 24 h post-operatively.CONCLUSION This study shows that there was no statistically significant correlation between tourniquet pressure,site and postop pain in patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery.The choice of using a tourniquet is based on the surgeon's preference,with the goal of minimizing the duration of its application at the operative site.

Effect of infarct location and volume on cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with acute insular cerebral infarction

BACKGROUND The aging of the population has become increasingly obvious in recent years,and the incidence of cerebral infarction has shown an increasing trend annually,with high death and disability rates.AIM To analyze the effects of infarct location and volume on cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with acute insular cerebral infarction.METHODS Between January 2020 and December 2023,we treated 98 cases of elderly acute insula,patients with cerebral infarction in the cerebral infarction acute phase(3-4 weeks)and for the course of 6 months in Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA)for screening of cognition.Notably,58 and 40 patients were placed in the cognitive impairment group and without-cognitive impairment group,respec-tively.In patients with cerebral infarction,magnetic resonance imaging was used to screen and clearly analyze the MoCA scores of two groups of patients with different infarctions,the relationship between the parts of the infarction volume,and analysis of acute insula cognitive disorder in elderly patients with cerebral RESULTS The number of patients with cognitive impairment in the basal ganglia and thalamus was significantly higher than that without cognitive impairment(P<0.05).The total infarct volume in the cognitive impairment group was higher than that in the non-cognitive impairment group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The infarct volumes at different sites in the cognitive impairment group was higher than in the non-cognitive impairment group(P<0.05).In the cognitive impairment group,the infarct volumes in the basal ganglia,thalamus,and mixed lesions were negatively correlated with the total MoCA score,with correlation coefficients of-0.67,-0.73,and-0.77,respectively.CONCLUSION In elderly patients with acute insular infarction,infarction in the basal ganglia,thalamus,and mixed lesions were more likely to lead to cognitive dysfunction than in other areas,and patients with large infarct volumes were more likely to develop cognitive dysfunction.The infarct volume in the basal ganglia,thalamus,and mixed lesions was significantly negatively correlated with the MoCA score.

Assessment of the effectiveness of weight-adjusted antibiotic administration,for reduced duration,in surgical prophylaxis of primary hip and knee arthroplasty

BACKGROUND Prophylactic antibiotics have significantly led to a reduction in the risk of postoperative surgical site infections(SSI)in orthopaedic surgery.The aim of using antibiotics for this purpose is to achieve serum and tissue drug levels that exceed,for the duration of the operation,the minimum inhibitory concentration of the likely organisms that are encountered.Prophylactic antibiotics reduce the rate of SSIs in lower limb arthroplasty from between 4%and 8%to between 1%and 3%.Controversy,however,still surrounds the optimal frequency and dosing of antibiotic administration.AIM To evaluate the impact of introduction of a weight-adjusted antibiotic prophylaxis regime,combined with a reduction in the duration of administration of post-operative antibiotics on SSI incidence during the 2 years following primary elective total hip and knee arthroplasty METHODS Following ethical approval,patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty(THA)/total knee arthroplasty(TKA)with the old regime(OR)of a preoperative dose[cefazolin 2 g intravenously(IV)],and two subsequent doses(2 h and 8 h),were compared to those after a change to a new regime(NR)of a weight-adjusted preoperative dose(cefazolin 2 g IV for patients<120 kg;cefazolin 3g IV for patients>120 kg)and a post-operative dose at 2 h.The primary outcome in both groups was SSI rates during the 2 years post-operatively.RESULTS A total of n=1273 operations(THA n=534,TKA n=739)were performed in n=1264 patients.There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of deep(OR 0.74%(5/675)vs NR 0.50%(3/598);fishers exact test P=0.72),nor superficial SSIs(OR 2.07%(14/675)vs NR 1.50%(9/598);chi-squared test P=0.44)at 2 years postoperatively.With propensity score weighting and an interrupted time series analysis,there was also no difference in SSI rates between both groups[RR 0.88(95%CI 0.61 to 1.30)P=0.46].CONCLUSION A weight-adjusted regime,with a reduction in number of post-operative doses had no adverse impact on SSI incidence in this population.