Hypoparathyroidism with situs inversus totalis:A case report

BACKGROUND Hypoparathyroidism(HP)is a rare endocrine disorder,while situs inversus totalis(SIT)is a rare condition in which the internal organs are positioned in a mirrored pattern compared to their usual positions.This case illustrates some potential shared mechanisms between HP and SIT,highlighting the importance of accurate identification and prompt first emergency,offering insights for future research.CASE SUMMARY This report discusses a case of a middle-aged patient with adolescent-onset HP with concurrent SIT.The patient experienced recurrent episodes of increased neuromuscular excitability(manifesting as spasms in the hands and feet and laryngospasms)and even periods of unconsciousness.Initially,these symptoms led to a misdiagnosis of epilepsy.Nevertheless,upon thorough examination and treatment in the general medicine ward,the correct diagnosis was established.Corresponding treatment resulted in improved management of the patient’s symptoms.CONCLUSION Co-occurrence of HP and SIT may be associated with genetic mutations,chromosomal anomalies,or hereditary factors,as may other similar conditions.

Laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer patients with situs inversus totalis: Two case reports and review of literature

BACKGROUND Situs inversus totalis(SIT)is a rare condition in which the positions of abdominal and thoracic organs present a“mirror image”of the normal ones in the median sagittal plane.Although minimally invasive surgery has evolved to achieve laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer(GC)patients with SIT,it is difficult to perform lymphadenectomy(LND)in such a transposed anatomical condition.Herein,we report the cases of two patients with SIT who successfully underwent laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy(LAG)with D2 LND.CASE SUMMARY Case 1:A 65-year-old man was admitted for intermittent abdominal pain and distension,occasional belching,and acid reflux for 4 mo.He was diagnosed with GC(cT3N1-2M0)with SIT.Before surgery,he had undergone four cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy.Then,the patient was evaluated as having a partial response,and laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy with D2 LND and Billroth II reconstruction were performed.The operation was performed successfully within 240 min with an estimated blood loss of 50 mL and no severe complications.The patient was discharged on postoperative day(POD)9.Case 2:A 55-year-old man was admitted for upper abdominal distension with pain and discomfort after eating for 3 mo.He was diagnosed with GC(cT3N1M0)with SIT.He had a history of hypertension for more than 10 years;however,his blood pressure was well-controlled via regular medication.We performed laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomy with D2 LND and Roux-en-Y reconstruction.The operation was performed successfully within 168 min with an estimated blood loss of 50 mL and no severe complications.The patient was discharged on POD 10.CONCLUSION LAG with D2 LND could be considered an accessible,safe,and curative procedure for advanced GC patients with SIT.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in situs inversus totalis with “inferior” cystic artery: A case report

A 76-year-old man with known situs inversus totalis presented with leE-sided discomfort. Abdominal ultrasonography and CT scan confirmed the diagnosis of a gallstone, as well as, situs inversus; the liver and gallbladder on the left side and the spleen on the right. The biliary system was thought to be left-right reversal, mirror image in the view of drip infusion cholangiogram and MRI. Laparoscopic cholecy stectomy was safely performed, despite of unexpected aberrant cystic artery running inferior to cystic duct of situs inversus. Laparoscopic surgeon should be careful for view of reversed relationships and also existence of other anomalies.

Laparoscopy-assisted resection of colorectal cancer with situs inversus totalis: A case report and literature review

BACKGROUND Situs inversus totalis(SIT)is a rare anomaly in which structures are located opposite to their usual positions.It is not a premalignant condition and the association with colorectal cancer(CRC)is rare.We here report a patient with SIT who underwent laparoscopic radical resection of sigmoid colon cancer,and review the pertinent literature.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old woman presented with CRC and SIT and underwent a complete examination after admission.The patient then underwent laparoscopic radical resection of sigmoid colon cancer and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.The operation duration was 120 min,and no intraoperative complications occurred.The final pathological report showed stage T4aN0M0.Postoperative chemotherapy was administered and no evidence of recurrence was observed during 18 mo of follow-up.CONCLUSION Surgery in a patient with CRC and SIT can be safely performed on the basis of routine preoperative clinical examination.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a patient with situs inversus totalis

Currently, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is an undoubtfully optimal treatment of cholelithiasis. What about performing this procedure on a patient with situs inversus totalis and what are the difficulties of this operation for a right-handed surgeon? We presented a 35-year-old man with unknown situs inversus totalis who was admitted with epigastric pain and digestive problems. Ultrasonography and computed tomography of the abdomen confirmed the diagnosis of a gallstone. Besides, the liver and gallbladder were on the left side and the spleen was on the right. All systems were left-right reversal as mirror image in all diagnostic studies. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was safely performed, despite of difficulties of situs inversus. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 1. It should be considered that existence of other anomalies may easily cause uninvited injuries. In the patients with situs inversus, laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be safely managed by an experienced surgeon through laparoscopy, and also hepatobiliary surgery.

Using Materialise’s interactive medical image control system to reconstruct a model of a patient with rectal cancer and situs inversus totalis: A case report

BACKGROUND Situs inversus totalis(SIT)is a rare congenital anomaly that refers to a completely reversed location of abdominal and thoracic organs.An extremely small number of patients with this condition,especially those with rectal neoplasms,have been reported.Surgery in these patients is technically challenging.Therefore,we reconstructed a three-dimensional(3D)digital model with the Materialise’s interactive medical image control system(Mimics)as a guide for laparoscopic resection.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 68-year-old woman with rectal neoplasms and SIT diagnosed by electronic colonoscopy biopsy and enhanced computed tomography(CT),which showed that there was a soft tissue mass protruding into the lumen in the lower rectal segment,a lesion that involved the serosal layer,multiple enlarged peripheral lymph nodes,and visceral situs abnormalities.Based on the CT images,we reconstructed a 3D model with Mimics to assist with our surgical planning.Then,we performed laparoscopyassisted radical resection of the rectal neoplasms and total excision of the lesion.Adjuvant chemotherapy with the XELOX regimen(oxaliplatin 150 mg,D1+Xeloda 1.0 g,Bid,D1-14)was initiated 1 mo after the operation.The patient recovered well after surgery,and her physical condition remained stable.CONCLUSION Preoperative 3D reconstruction of the imaging results could help reduce the unknown risks during surgery caused by anatomical abnormalities and improvethe perioperative safety for patients.

Da Vinci robot-assisted pancreato-duodenectomy in a patient with situs inversus totalis:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Situs inversus totalis(SIT)is an extremely rare congenital malformation characterized by mirror displacement of the thoracoabdominal organs such as the heart,liver,spleen,and stomach.Herein,we describe a patient with SIT complicated with cholangiocarcinoma who underwent successful pancreaticoduodenectomy with the assistance of a da Vinci robot.CASE SUMMARY A 58-year-old female presented to the hospital with paroxysmal pain in her left upper abdomen,accompanied by jaundice and staining of the sclera as chief complaints.Imaging examination detected a mass at the distal end of the common bile duct,with inverted thoracic and abdominal organs.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography forceps biopsy revealed the presence of a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma.The patient successfully underwent robotic-assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy;the operation lasted 300 min,the intraoperative blood loss was 500 mL,and there were no intraoperative and postoperative complications.CONCLUSION SIT is not directly related to the formation of cholangiocarcinoma.Detailed preoperative imaging examination is conducive to disease diagnosis and also convenient for determining the feasibility of tumor resection.Robot-assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy for SIT complicated with cholangiocarcinoma provides a safe,feasible,minimally invasive,and complication-free alternative with adequate preoperative planning combined with meticulous intraoperative procedures.

Ascending colon cancer and situs inversus totalis-altered surgeon position for successful laparoscopic hemicolectomy: A case report

BACKGROUND Situs inversus totalis(SIT)is a rare congenital condition in which the structure of the abdominal and thoracic cavities is the mirror image of normal.This anatomic reversal makes laparoscopic surgery difficult when treating colorectal cancer.CASE SUMMARY We describe the successful laparoscopic hemicolectomy of a 68-year-old Chinese woman with SIT and ascending colon cancer.Based on preoperative imaging and careful consideration of the patient’s anatomy,the position of the surgeon was modified such that the surgeon stood between her legs,while the surgical assistant and endoscopist stood to the surgeon’s left.Trocar position was also adjusted appropriately.The surgery lasted 178 min,during which the patient lost 50 mL of blood.Pathology analysis of the resected tumor confirmed an adenocarcinoma in clinical stage pT3N0M0,without lymph node involvement.The patient experienced no postoperative complications and was discharged 10 d after surgery.CONCLUSION This case illustrates that careful positioning of the surgeon can facilitate laparoscopic surgery of SIT patients.

Coexistence of situs inversus totalis and hepatocellular carcinoma:A series of nine cases and a literature review

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most commonly diagnosed carcinoma and one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide.Situs inversus totalis(SIT)is a congenital condition where in the internal organs of the abdomen and thorax lie in mirror images of their normal position.Thus far,there are very few reports on cases of SIT coexisting with HCC.Our case series is probably the largest series in world literature.The cohort of this retrospective study included a total of nine patients diagnosed with SIT-HCC and treated in our hospital between January 2013 and May 2018.Clinical characteristics,prognostic factors,and outcomes were summarized.Treatment strategies included surgery,transarterial chemoembolization,and microwave ablation.The diagnosis and treatment of patients with SIT are challenging because of organ reversion.The current treatment strategies for different stages of liver cancer are safe and feasible for patients with SIT-HCC.

Multiple miscarriages in a female patient with two-chambered heart and situs inversus totalis:A case report

BACKGROUND Single atrium with single ventricle,or a two-chambered heart,is an extremely rare congenital malformation.Few cases with two-chambered heart surviving to adulthood have been reported.CASE SUMMARY We reported an adult female patient with a two-chambered heart and situs inversus totalis accompanied by multiple pregnancies and abortions.Magnetic resonance imaging detected a two-chambered heart.B-ultrasound-guided uterine aspiration was performed to absorb 8 g and 10 g of organized villus and decidual tissues,respectively,with a small amount of bleeding.Postoperatively,cyanosis and fatigue-induced shortness of breath were gradually relieved.The patient has currently outlived all similar cases reported so far.CONCLUSION Hemodynamic changes in pregnant women with two-chambered heart impaired cardiac function,responsible for hypoperfusion and miscarriage.

Living donor liver transplantation for an adult patient with situs inversus totalis

This recipient with situs inversus totalis(SIT) was a 60-year-old female who had hepatitis B-related endstage liver disease.Preoperative donor evaluation showed that the right posterior section satisfied graft volume and was space-fitting in the recipient hepatic fossa when it was rotated 180 degrees.The operation and postoperative course progressed satisfactorily.Three weeks after living donor liver transplantation(LDLT),the graft function was disturbed by compression of bottom-placed right hepatic vein.This was treated with a vascular stent and subsequently the graft function was normalized.The present case shows that LDLT for patients with SIT using a right posterior section graft is feasible.

Laparoscopic radical resection for situs inversus totalis with colonic splenic flexure carcinoma:A case report

BACKGROUND Situs inversus totalis(SIT)is a rare group of congenital developmental malformations in the clinical setting,with all organs in the chest and abdomen existing in a mirror image reversal of their normal positions.Few reports have described laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer in patients with SIT,and it is considered difficult even for an experienced surgeon because of the mirror positioning.We present a case report of laparoscopic radical resection of a colonic splenic flexure carcinoma in a patient with SIT.CASE SUMMARY A 72-year-old male was referred to our hospital with colonic splenic flexure carcinoma,and computed tomography showed that all the organs in the chest and abdomen were inverted.Laparoscopic hemicolectomy with complete mesocolic excision was safely performed.The operating surgeon stood on the patient’s left side,which is opposite of the normal location.CONCLUSION Abdominal computed tomography is an effective method for diagnosing SIT preoperatively in patients with colonic splenic flexure carcinomas.Laparoscopic radical resection is difficult,but it is well established and safe.The surgeon should stand in the opposite position and perform backhand operations.

Correction to“Laparoscopy-assisted resection of colorectal cancer with situs inversus totalis:A case report and literature review”

Correction to"Laparoscopy-assisted resection of colorectal cancer with situs inversus totalis:A case report and literature review"World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020;12:310-316.In this article,we have replaced the previous TNM stage of colorectal cancer(T4aN0M0)and the revised TNM stage is provided(T4a-N1cM1c).

Situs Inversus Totalis with Left-Sided Appendicitis: A Case Report

Introduction: Left-sided acute appendicitis (LSAA) develops in association with two types of congenital anomalies: situs inversus totalis (SIT) and midgut malrotation (MM). A Left sided appendicitis is an ambiguous and difficult diagnosis to make. Aim: To present a proven case of left-sided acute appendicitis (LSAA) associated with situs inversus totalis (SIT). Case Report: A case of Left appendicitis was evaluated in a 28-year-old Asian male, who presented to our hospital in Feb. 2016, with lower abdominal pain more on left side and suspected diverticulitis or acute appendicitis with unusual appendix location. The patient doesn’t recall any history of abdominal surgery or about situs inversus totalis, abdominal and pelvic ultrasound was done, left iliac fossa appendicitis was diagnosed, Erect chest X-ray including upper abdomen revealed dextrocardia and stomach air on right side (situs inversus totalis), the patient underwent diagnostic Laproscop and Endoscopic resection of the appendix, with no incidents, and then discharged without complications, follow visits went unremarkable. Conclusion: The diagnosis of left lower quadrant pain is based on well-established clinical symptoms, physical examination and physician’s experience.

Robot-assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy in situs inversus totalis patient with pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer (PC) combined with situs inversus totalis (SIT) is rare, and the treatment strategy is obscure. We report the first patient with PC and SIT who underwent robot-assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy. A 57-year-old male patient presented to our hospital with epigastric pain, nausea, and weight loss over 1 month. Preoperative diagnostic modalities revealed a resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma at the head and neck junction of the pancreas. The patient also had a rare condition called SIT. Then, the patient underwent Da Vinci robot-assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy (RPD) in our center. After the operation, the patient recovered well without complications. Until now, the patient was followed up 5 months, and the quality of life was well without tumor recurrence or metastasis. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first RPD for PC in SIT patients.

Left-sided appendicitis:Review of 95 published cases and a case report

AIM:To give an overview of the literature on left-sided acute appendicitis (LSAA) associated with situs inversus totalis (SIT) and midgut malrotation (MM).METHODS:We present a new case of LSAA with SIT and a literature review of studies published in the English language on LSAA,accessed via PubMed and Google Scholar databases.RESULTS:Ninety-five published cases of LSAA were evaluated and a 25-year-old female,who presented to our clinic with left lower abdominal pain caused by LSAA,is reported.In the reviewed literature,fiftyseven patients were male and 38 were female with an age range of 8 to 82 years and a median age of 29.1 ± 15.9 years.Sixty-six patients had SIT,23 had MM,three had cecal malrotation,and two had a previously unnoted congenital abnormality.Fifty-nine patients had presentedto the hospital with left lower,14 with right lower and seven with bilateral lower quadrant pain,and seven subjects complained of left upper quadrant pain.The diagnosis was established preoperatively in 49 patients,intraoperatively in 19,and during the postoperative period in five;14 patients were aware of having this anomaly.The data of eight patients were not unavailable.Eleven patients underwent laparoscopic appendectomy,which was combined with cholecystectomy in two cases.Histopathological examination of the appendix specimens revealed adenocarcinoma in only two of 95 patients.CONCLUSION:The diagnosis of left lower quadrant pain is based on well-established clinical symptoms,physical examination and physician's experience.