A Full Predictor-Corrector Finite Element Method for the One-Dimensional Heat Equation with Time-Dependent Singularities

The energy norm convergence rate of the finite element solution of the heat equation is reduced by the time-regularity of the exact solution. This paper presents an adaptive finite element treatment of time-dependent singularities on the one-dimensional heat equation. The method is based on a Fourier decomposition of the solution and an extraction formula of the coefficients of the singularities coupled with a predictor-corrector algorithm. The method recovers the optimal convergence rate of the finite element method on a quasi-uniform mesh refinement. Numerical results are carried out to show the efficiency of the method.

Weakly Singular Symmetric Galerkin Boundary Element Method for Fracture Analysis of Three-Dimensional Structures Considering Rotational Inertia and Gravitational Forces

The Symmetric Galerkin Boundary Element Method is advantageous for the linear elastic fracture and crackgrowth analysis of solid structures,because only boundary and crack-surface elements are needed.However,for engineering structures subjected to body forces such as rotational inertia and gravitational loads,additional domain integral terms in the Galerkin boundary integral equation will necessitate meshing of the interior of the domain.In this study,weakly-singular SGBEM for fracture analysis of three-dimensional structures considering rotational inertia and gravitational forces are developed.By using divergence theorem or alternatively the radial integration method,the domain integral terms caused by body forces are transformed into boundary integrals.And due to the weak singularity of the formulated boundary integral equations,a simple Gauss-Legendre quadrature with a few integral points is sufficient for numerically evaluating the SGBEM equations.Some numerical examples are presented to verify this approach and results are compared with benchmark solutions.

A PRECISE SINGULAR FINITE ELEMENT FOR CRACK ANALYSIS

The multi-variable finite element algorithm based on the generalized Gulerkin's method is more flexible to establish a finite element model in the continuum mechanics. By using this algorithm and numerical tests a new singular finite element for elasto-plastic fracture analysis has been formulated. The results of numerical tests show that the new element possesses high accuracy and good performance. Some rules for formulating a multi-variable singular finite element are also discussed in this paper.

SINGULAR INTEGRAL EQUATIONS AND BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD OF CRACKS IN THERMALLY STRESSED PLANAR SOLIDS

Using the method of the boundary integral equation, a set of singular integral equations of the hear transfer problems and the thermo-elastic problems of a crack embedded in a two-dimensional finite body is derived, and then,its numerical method is proposed by the numerical method of the singular integral equations combined with boundary element method. Moreover, the singular nature of temperature gradient field near the crack front is proved by the main-part analysis method of the singular integral equation, and the singular temperature gradients are exactly obtained. Finally, several typical examples calculated.

REGULARIZATION OF NEARLY SINGULAR INTEGRALS IN THE BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD OF POTENTIAL PROBLEMS

A general algorithm is applied to the regularization of nearly singular integrals in the boundary element method of planar potential problems. For linear elements, the strongly singular and hypersingular integrals of the interior points very close to boundary were categorized into two forms. The factor leading to the singularity was transformed out of the integral representations with integration by parts, so non-singular regularized formulas were presented for the two forms of integrals. Furthermore, quadratic elements are used in addition to linear ones. The quadratic element very close to the internal point can be divided into two linear ones, so that the algorithm is still valid. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of this algorithm. Especially for problems with curved boundaries, the combination of quadratic elements and linear elements can give more accurate results.

Boundary Element Analysis forModeⅢCrack Problems of Thin-Walled Structures from Micro-to Nano-Scales

This paper develops a new numerical framework for modeⅢcrack problems of thin-walled structures by integrating multiple advanced techniques in the boundary element literature.The details of special crack-tip elements for displacement and stress are derived.An exponential transformation technique is introduced to accurately calculate the nearly singular integral,which is the key task of the boundary element simulation of thin-walled structures.Three numerical experiments with different types of cracks are provided to verify the performance of the present numerical framework.Numerical results demonstrate that the present scheme is valid for modeⅢcrack problems of thin-walled structures with the thickness-to-length ratio in the microscale,even nanoscale,regime.

Finite Element Analysis for Singularly Perturbed Advection-Diffusion Robin Boundary Values Problem

A singularly perturbed advection-diffusion two-point Robin boundary value problem whose solution has a single boundary layer is considered. Based on the piecewise linear polynomial approximation, the finite element method is applied to the problem. Estimation of the error between solution and the finite element approximation is given in energy norm on shishkin-type mesh.

Numerical Aspects of Isogeometric Boundary Element Methods:(Nearly)Singular Quadrature,Trimmed NURBS and Surface Crack Modeling

This work presents some numerical aspects of isogeometric boundary element methods(IGABEM).The behavior of hyper-singular and nearly-singular integration is first explored on the distorted NURBS surface.Several numerical treatments are proposed to enhance the quadrature in the framework of isogeometric analysis.Then a numerical implementation of IGABEM on the trimmed NURBS is detailed.Based on this idea,the surface crack problem is modeled incorporation with the phantom element method.The proposed method allows the crack to intersect with the boundary of the body while preserving the original parametrization of the NURBS-based CAD geometry.

Quadrature Rules for Functions with a Mid-Point Logarithmic Singularity in the Boundary Element Method Based on the <i>x = t^p</i>Substitution

Quadrature rules for evaluating singular integrals that typically occur in the boundary element method (BEM) for two-dimensional and axisymmetric three-dimensional problems are considered. This paper focuses on the numerical integration of the functions on the standard domain [-1, 1], with a logarithmic singularity at the centre. The substitution x = tp, where p (≥ 3) is an odd integer is given particular attention, as this returns a regular integral and the domain unchanged. Gauss-Legendre quadrature rules are applied to the transformed integrals for a number of values of p. It is shown that a high value for p typically gives more accurate results.

基于特征分区的奇异域积分单元细分法

针对传统方法难以解决积分方程中的奇异性问题,提出一种基于特征分区的奇异域积分单元细分法,该方法基于体二叉树数据结构对不同类型体单元自适应细分,能精确计算任意源点位置的三维奇异积分,消除积分的奇异性.在笛卡尔坐标系下,通过在源点构建包围盒对体单元特征分区,将体单元划分为腔面投影区域和单元细分区域,依照细分准则对单元细分区域递归细分,采用腔面重构算法和投影算法,重新在源点附近生成高质量的积分子单元.数值算例表明,该方法的积分计算精度、稳定性优于传统单元细分方法.

标量磁位积分方程法计算舰艇三维静磁场

掌握舰艇磁场分布规律是实施舰艇磁防护技术的重要前提,采用积分方程法计算舰艇三维静磁场是有效手段之一。积分方程法通常建立以剖分单元内磁化强度或者磁感应强度为待求量的方程组,基于所求得的源区值获得整个场域的解。若想进一步提高磁场计算精度,需要增加网格密度,代价则是计算机的内存需求和计算量急剧增加。针对这一问题,采用一种以标量磁位为待求量的积分方程。将铁磁源区划分为四面体单元,根据变分原理将未知函数分片展开,按照单元和节点的相对位置关系寻找奇异积分,采用参数替换的方法转化为非奇异积分。球体解析模型表明:使用标量磁位进行建模仅需将源区离散为粗糙的网格单元即可得到高精度的磁场计算结果;网格加密后,标量建模方法在保持计算精度的同时,内存需求和CPU执行时间大幅小于矢量建模方法。开展了三维舰船磁场的虚拟验证实验,对于大型船体等需要精细划分网格的铁磁物体,标量磁位积分方程法计算得到的磁场与有限元商业软件的计算结果吻合较好,并且与矢量建模方法相比更加高效和节约内存。

二级减速器故障系统建模及SVD-MMSE劣化评估

为检测故障齿轮劣化程度并进行有效的程度评估,通过有限元法建立含有正常、裂纹和断齿等3种齿轮状态的二级直齿轮减速器系统模型。首先,分别计算3种状态的齿轮时变啮合刚度,并综合考虑轴承支撑刚度,得到了3种不同状态下的轴承振动响应;其次,引入多元多尺度样本熵(multivariate multiscale sample entropy,简称MMSE)对故障齿轮的劣化程度进行分析;最后,引进奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,简称SVD)算法进行预处理,以达到更好的诊断效果来综合评定故障齿轮生命周期的劣化程度。结果表明:齿轮发生故障时,主要导致时频域信号发生转频调制,时域存在有规律的冲击,频域出现边频带,且分布在输入轴的转频及其倍频和啮频及其倍频处;随着故障程度的增加,劣化越发明显,频率成分也发生改变,致使MMSE值也随之变化,且整体呈单调递减趋势;SVD-MMSE算法能有效地对齿轮故障程度进行判别,降低了噪声对于劣化程度检测准确性的影响。

基于广义混合富集元法的应力强度因子分析

以位移元模型为基础求解裂纹尖端应力强度因子(Stress Intensity Factor,SIF)的方法众多,但是,当模型网格较稀疏时,位移元模型的刚度偏大;另外,位移元模型不方便直接引入应力边界条件,边界应力结果有失客观性。基于富集元思想,结合广义H⁃R变分原理提出了广义混合富集元列式。基于该列式的有限元模型,一方面消除了经典混合富集元法结果的震荡问题,另一方面兼顾了裂纹尖端应力参量的奇异性和应力边界条件引入的方便性。实例分析表明,利用该方法求解应力强度因子,数值结果稳定可靠且精度较高。

基于一种半解析闭合模型的二维水翼局部背空泡特性研究

[目的]为了探究空泡的形成与水翼参数之间的关系,通过对比不同参数的水翼在不同来流攻角下的空泡形成情况,探索各种因素对空泡形成的影响。[方法]基于势流理论,采用边界元法和迭代法,对二维水翼的局部空泡进行系统性分析。[结果]结果表明,最大厚度不同的水翼在来流攻角较小时,产生的空泡较小;在来流攻角较大时,产生的空泡更大。水翼的最大厚度位置位于40%弦长处的水翼对来流攻角的改变更为敏感,受到的影响更大。水翼的相对拱度对空泡形成的大小随着来流攻角的增大,先增大后减小。[结论]在气泡尾部封闭点,通过半解析模型求解气泡尾部交点的法向速度,可以提高气泡数值模拟的稳定性,进而可以得到水翼参数对空泡形成更为准确的影响。

基于比例边界有限元法计算应力强度因子的不确定量化分析

应力强度因子是预测荷载作用下结构中裂纹产生和扩展的重要参数。半解析的比例边界有限元法结合了有限元和边界元法的优势,在裂纹尖端或存在奇异应力的区域不需要局部网格细化,可以直接提取应力强度因子。在比例边界有限元法计算应力强度因子的框架下,引入随机参数进行蒙特卡罗模拟(Monte Carlo simulation, MCS),并提出一种新颖的基于MCS的不确定量化分析。与直接的MCS不同,采用奇异值分解构造低阶的子空间,降低系统的自由度,并使用径向基函数对子空间进行近似,通过子空间的线性组合获得新的结构响应,实现基于MCS的快速不确定量化分析。考虑不同荷载状况下,结构形状参数和材料属性参数对应力强度因子的影响,使用改进的MCS计算应力强度因子的统计特征,量化不确定参数对结构的影响。最后通过若干算例验证了该算法的准确性和有效性。

Indentation behavior of a semi-infinite piezoelectric semiconductor under a rigid flat-ended cylindrical indenter

This paper theoretically studies the axisymmetric frictionless indentation of a transversely isotropic piezoelectric semiconductor(PSC)half-space subject to a rigid flatended cylindrical indenter.The contact area and other surface of the PSC half-space are assumed to be electrically insulating.By the Hankel integral transformation,the problem is reduced to the Fredholm integral equation of the second kind.This equation is solved numerically to obtain the indentation behaviors of the PSC half-space,mainly including the indentation force-depth relation and the electric potential-depth relation.The results show that the effect of the semiconductor property on the indentation responses is limited within a certain range of variation of the steady carrier concentration.The dependence of indentation behavior on material properties is also analyzed by two different kinds of PSCs.Finite element simulations are conducted to verify the results calculated by the integral equation technique,and good agreement is demonstrated.

一种设置地下连续墙钢筋笼吊点的新方法

钢筋笼吊装过程中的状态可以看作是在分布荷载和集中荷载共同作用下的多支承悬挑梁,其中支承点对应于吊点.本文基于奇异函数和拉普拉斯变换,求解了梁的挠度曲线方程,并结合遗传算法,提出了一种设置直列式钢筋笼最优吊点的新方法.通过算例和数值模拟验证了该方法的可行性.结果表明,与现有的吊点确定方法相比,该方法能更有效地控制钢筋笼在吊装过程中的变形.

关于柔软无弹性轻绳中加速度奇点问题的讨论

不少大学物理教材将“柔软无弹性轻绳”作为一种经典模型并围绕其理想性提出了一系列的题目,而不同的求解方法可能得到不同的答案,这本质上是因为这种模型中隐含着加速度奇点,而各解法对加速度奇点的处理不同。为了系统性地解决不同解法之间的分歧,本文首先选取了有关加速度奇点的三个经典物理问题,然后综述了这些题目的若干解法,接着分析其正确性,最后归纳出了有关加速度奇点的物理问题的一般规律,并提出了多种应对方法,以更准确地处理有关加速度奇点的物理问题。

Determination of stress intensity factor with direct stress approach using finite element analysis

In this article, a direct stress approach based on finite element analysis to determine the stress intensity factor is improved. Firstly, by comparing the rigorous solution against the asymptotic solution for a problem of an infinite plate embedded a central crack, we found that the stresses in a restrictive interval near the crack tip given by the rigorous solution can be used to determine the stress intensity factor, which is nearly equal to the stress intensity factor given by the asymptotic solution. Secondly, the crack problem is solved numerically by the finite element method. Depending on the modeling capability of the software, we designed an adaptive mesh model to simulate the stress singularity. Thus, the stress result in an appropriate interval near the crack tip is fairly approximated to the rigorous solution of the corresponding crack problem. Therefore, the stress intensity factor may be calculated from the stress distribution in the appropriate interval, with a high accuracy.

A boundary element method for the simulation of non-spherical bubbles and their interactions near a free surface

The basic principle and numerical technique for simulating two three-dimensional bubbles near a free surface are studied in detail by using boundary element method. The singularities of influence coefficient matrix are eliminated using coordinate transformation and so-called 4π rule. The solid angle for the open surface is treated in direct method based on its definition. Several kinds of configurations for the bubbles and free surface have been investigated. The pressure contours during the evolution of bubbles are obtained in our model and can better illuminate the mechanism underlying the motions of bubbles and free surface. The bubble dynamics and their interactions have close relation with the standoff distances, buoyancy parameters and initial sizes of bubbles. Completely different bubble shapes, free surface motions, jetting patterns and pressure distributions under different parameters can be observed in our model, as demon- strated in our calculation results.