Renal Vein Thrombosis Suggestive of Extramembranous Glomerulonephritis Associated with Sjögren’s Syndrome (Case Report)

Introduction: Glomerular damage during Gougerot-Sjgren syndrome is much rarer than interstitial damage, and is essentially extra-membranous and membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis. Observation: We report the case of a 44-year-old woman with primary Sjgrens syndrome, confirmed by clinical dryness syndrome, positive anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies, and a salivary gland biopsy revealing grade 4 lymphocytic sialadenitis according to CHISHOLMs classification. Later, the patient developed nephrotic syndrome, along with hypertension. Renal function remained normal with a creatinine level of 9.3 mg/l, and hematuria was absent. Only antinuclear antibodies tested positive, while anti-PLA2R antibodies were negative. A renal biopsy was performed, which was complicated on the same day by hemodynamic instability with hematuria. Renal CT scan with contrast injection revealed a posterior perirenal hematoma without contrast extravasation. Additionally, bilateral renal vein thrombosis was incidentally discovered, suggesting extramembranous glomerulonephritis. The patients hemodynamic status stabilized after fluid resuscitation with isotonic saline solution (0.9%), without the need for blood transfusion. Renal biopsy confirmed extramembranous glomerulonephritis with interstitial fibrosis and minimal tubular atrophy. The initial etiological assessment was negative. The patient was started on oral corticosteroids, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and therapeutic anticoagulation for renal vein thrombosis. The patients condition improved, with the disappearance of the syndrome and spontaneous regression of the hematoma. Discussion: The association of nephrotic syndrome and renal vein thrombosis primarily suggests glomerulopathy, in particular extra-membranous glomerulonephritis. Sjgrens syndrome can be associated with extra-membranous glomerulonephritis without being its direct cause. Like, it is possible that it is a cause of glomerulonephritis, essentially extra membranous and membrano-proliferative. Conclusion: Sjgrens syndrome is generally underestimated cause of glomerulonephritis, which should be considered in cases of extra-membranous glomerulonephritis.

Celiac disease and Sjögren’s syndrome:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Celiac disease(CD)is a systemic,chronic immune-mediated disease triggered by gluten ingestion in genetically-susceptible individuals,with a prevalence of 1%worldwide.Sjogren's syndrome(SS)is also a systemic autoimmune disease,mainly characterized by ocular and oral sicca symptoms and signs.Sharing a common genetic background,CD and SS are known associated autoimmune diseases,but currently available guidelines are not reporting it.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 39-year-old woman,who was in the care of her rheumatologist for 2 years with SS.On routine follow-up she was found to have iron deficiency,without anemia.She had no gastrointestinal complaints and denied any obvious source of blood loss.IgA tissue transglutaminase antibodies were positive and endoscopy with duodenal biopsies revealed crypt hyperplasia and villous atrophy.A diagnosis of CD was set and gluten-free diet was recommended.CONCLUSION We present a review of existing data in the literature regarding the association of the two diseases,summarizing prevalence studies of CD in SS patients and the other way around.Screening recommendations and future research perspectives are also discussed,highlighting clinically relevant unanswered questions with respect to the association of CD with SS.

Role of ranulas in early diagnosis of Sjögren’s syndrome: A case report

BACKGROUND Although the presentations of Sjögren’s syndrome(SS)are variable,ranging from mild dryness to wider systemic involvement,ranulas as early clinical signs were scarcely reported.Here,we present an adult patient with SS,who developed a unilateral simple ranula and was diagnosed primary SS 3 years later.We also provide a review of cases of SS and ranulas from 1980 to 2020.CASE SUMMARY A 22-year-old girl was found to have a left painless floor-of-mouth lesion 3 years ago,without obvious trauma or inducement.The diagnosis of a unilateral(left)simple ranula was made,and the ranula was surgically treated.Within 3 years after the ranula surgery,she developed acute lymphadenectasis in unilateral parotid twice without inducement,and ultrasonic examination revealed diffuse lesions in bilateral parotids and submandibular glands,which strongly suggested SS.Serologic tests and the unstimulated whole saliva flow rate confirmed the SS diagnosis.CONCLUSION Our study underlines that ranulas are early clinical signs of SS.As early diagnosis and early intervention of SS are important to obtain better outcomes,our findings underline the need for histopathological test after sublingual adenectomy and imaging detection of exocrine glands for the patients with ranulas.

Iguratimod in treatment of primary Sjögren’s syndrome concomitant with autoimmune hemolytic anemia:A case report

BACKGROUND Primary Sjögren's syndrome(pSS)concomitant with autoimmune hemolytic anemia(AIHA)but without eye and mouth dryness is exceedingly rare.Iguratimod(IGU)has been widely used in the treatment of pSS.However,there are few reports about the application of IGU in pSS concomitant with AIHA.CASE SUMMARY Here,we present the case of a patient with pSS concomitant with AIHA but without eye and mouth dryness.The patient was initially diagnosed with hyperplastic anemia and AIHA while pSS was missed,and was finally diagnosed with pSS concomitant with AIHA.The patient was treated with IGU along with prednisone and hydroxychloroquine,and her hemoglobin,reticulocytes and IgG returned to normal levels.CONCLUSION IGU was effective for and well tolerated by our patient with pSS concomitant with AIHA,and may be a promising therapy for the treatment of this disease.

Sjögren-Larsson综合征2家系遗传学与临床研究

目的研究2个Sjögren-Larsson综合征(SLS)家系的临床和ALDH3A2基因突变情况,指导家长合理妊娠。方法对南京医科大学附属儿童医院收治的2个家系SLS患儿进行临床研究及ALDH3A2基因突变分析、综合康复治疗,并系统分析国内已经报道的16例患儿的临床研究及8例ALDH3A2基因突变位点,为早期诊断、治疗、遗传咨询和产前诊断提供理论依据。结果本研究2例SLS患儿均有典型鱼鳞病样皮肤改变,存在痉挛性双瘫或四肢瘫,不能独立行走,合并智力障碍及语言发育落后。基因检测结果显示2例患儿均为ALDH3A2基因复合杂合型突变,其父母及其未受累的姐姐均为该突变的杂合携带者。结论在SLS可疑患者中检测ALDH3A2基因,对早期诊断、康复治疗、提高疗效具有指导意义,指导遗传咨询和产前诊断更有价值。

Olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes ameliorate murine Sjögren’s syndrome by modulating the function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells

Sjögren’s syndrome(SS)is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by progressive inflammation and tissue damage in salivary glands and lacrimal glands.Our previous studies showed that myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)exhibited impaired immunosuppressive function during disease progression in patients with SS and mice with experimental Sjögren’s syndrome(ESS),but it remains unclear whether restoring the function of MDSCs can effectively ameliorate the development of ESS.In this study,we found that murine olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(OE-MSC-Exos)significantly enhanced the suppressive function of MDSCs by upregulating arginase expression and increasing ROS and NO levels.Moreover,treatment with OE-MSC-Exos via intravenous injection markedly attenuated disease progression and restored MDSC function in ESS mice.Mechanistically,OE-MSC-Exo-secreted IL-6 activated the Jak2/Stat3 pathway in MDSCs.In addition,the abundant S100A4 in OE-MSC-Exos acted as a key factor in mediating the endogenous production of IL-6 by MDSCs via TLR4 signaling,indicating an autocrine pathway of MDSC functional modulation by IL-6.Taken together,our results demonstrated that OE-MSC-Exos possess therapeutic potential to attenuate ESS progression by enhancing the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs,possibly constituting a new strategy for the treatment of Sjögren’s syndrome and other autoimmune diseases.

IL-10-producing regulatory B cells restrain the T follicular helper cell response in primary Sjögren’s syndrome

Increased numbers of T follicular helper(Tfh)cells have been implicated in the development of autoimmune diseases including primary Sjögren’s syndrome(pSS),but how the Tfh cell response is regulated during autoimmune pathogenesis remains largely unclear.Here,we first found negative correlations between IL-10^(+)regulatory B(Breg)cell numbers and Tfh cell responses and disease activity in patients with pSS and mice with experimental Sjögren’s syndrome(ESS).Moreover,we detected high expression of IL-10 receptor on Tfh cells and their precursors in both humans and mice.In culture,IL-10 suppressed human and murine Tfh cell differentiation by promoting STAT5 phosphorylation.By using an adoptive transfer approach and two-photon live imaging,we found significantly increased numbers of Tfh cells with enhanced T cell homing into B cell follicles in the draining cervical lymph nodes of RAG-2−/−mice transferred with IL-10-deficient B cells during ESS development compared with those of RAG-2−/−mice transferred with wild-type B cells.In ESS mice,CD19^(+)CD1d^(hi)CD5^(+)Breg cells with decreased IL-10 production exhibited severely impaired suppressive effects on T cell proliferation.Consistently,CD19^(+)CD24^(+)CD38^(hi) Breg cells from pSS patients showed significantly reduced IL-10 production with defective inhibitory function in the suppression of autologous Tfh cell expansion.Furthermore,the adoptive transfer of IL-10-producing Breg cells markedly suppressed the Tfh cell response and ameliorated ESS progression in ESS mice.Together,these findings demonstrate a critical role for IL-10-producing Breg cells in restraining the effector Tfh cell response during pSS development.

Role of JAK-STAT signaling pathway in pathogenesis and treatment of primary Sjögren’s syndrome

Primary Sjögren’s syndrome(pSS)is a systemic autoimmune disease with high prevalence and possible poor prognosis.Though the pathogenesis of pSS has not been fully elucidated,B cell hyperactivity is considered as one of the fundamental abnormalities in pSS patients.It has long been identified that Janus kinases-signal transducer and activator of transcription(JAK-STAT)signaling pathway contributes to rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.Recently,increasing numbers of studies have provided evidence that JAK-STAT pathway also has an important role in the pathogenesis of pSS via direct or indirect activation of B cells.Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1(STAT1),STAT3,and STAT5 activated by various cytokines and ribonucleic acid contribute to pSS development,respectively or synergically.These results reveal the potential application of Janus kinase inhibitors for treatment of pSS,which may fundamentally improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients with pSS.

Marinesco-Sjögren综合征研究进展

Marinesco-Sjögren综合征(MSS)又称遗传性共济失调-侏儒-智力缺陷综合征,是一种罕见的常染色体隐性遗传性共济失调综合征。本文现围绕MSS的临床特征、致病基因突变位点、发病机制及临床诊疗等方面的近期研究进展进行综述,以期提高临床医生对该病的认识及诊治水平,减少对该病的漏诊误诊。

SHED-derived exosomes ameliorate hyposalivation caused by Sjögren’s syndrome via Akt/GSK-3b/Slug-mediated ZO-1 expression

Background:Sjögren’s syndrome(SS)is an autoimmune disorder characterized by sicca syndrome and/or systemic manifestations.The treatment is still challenging.This study aimed to explore the therapeutic role and mechanism of exosomes obtained from the supernatant of stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth(SHED-exos)in sialadenitis caused by SS.Methods:SHED-exos were administered to the submandibular glands(SMGs)of 14-week-old non-obese diabetic(NOD)mice,an animal model of the clinical phase of SS,by local injection or intraductal infusion.The saliva flow rate was measured after pilocarpine intraperitoneal injection in 21-week-old NOD mice.Protein expression was examined by western blot analysis.Exosomal microRNA(miRNAs)were identified by microarray analysis.Paracellular permeability was evaluated by transepithelial electrical resistance measurement.Results:SHED-exos were injected into the SMG of NOD mice and increased saliva secretion.The injected SHED-exos were taken up by glandular epithelial cells,and further increased paracellular permeability mediated by zonula occluden-1(ZO-1).A total of 180 exosomal miRNAs were identified from SHED-exos,and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis suggested that the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)pathway might play an important role.SHED-exos treatment down-regulated phospho-Akt(p-Akt)/Akt,phospho-glycogen synthase kinase 3b(p-GSK-3b)/GSK-3b,and Slug expressions and up-regulated ZO-1 expression in SMGs and SMG-C6 cells.Both the increased ZO-1 expression and paracellular permeability induced by SHED-exos were abolished by insulin-like growth factor 1,a PI3K agonist.Slug bound to the ZO-1 promoter and suppressed its expression.For safer and more effective clinical application,SHED-exos were intraductally infused into the SMGs of NOD mice,and saliva secretion was increased and accompanied by decreased levels of p-Akt/Akt,p-GSK-3b/GSK-3b,and Slug and increased ZO-1 expression.Conclusion:Local application of SHED-exos in SMGs can ameliorate Sjögren syndrome-induced hyposalivation by increasing the paracellular permeability of glandular epithelial cells through Akt/GSK-3b/Slug pathway-mediated ZO-1 expression.

Peripheral Neuropathies Revealing Gougerot-Sjögren’s Syndrome: Description of 3 Cases

Introduction: Sjögren’s syndrome is an autoimmune epithelitis with various extraglandular signs, among which are neurological, with a variable frequency according to studies. We report three cases of peripheral neuropathy revealing Gougerot-Sjögren’s syndrome, collected in the Neurology Department of the Fann University Hospital in Dakar (Senegal). Observations: The first patient, aged 48 years, presented with a length-dependent sensitivomotor polyneuropathy associated with retrobulbar optic neuritis, with dry eyes and dry mouth noticed by the patient for several years. The second patient, aged 28 years, was admitted to the hospital with chronic generalized paresthesia in the context of xerostomia and xerophthalmia. The results of the clinical examination and the electroeneuromyogram were in favour of pure sensory neuronopathy. The third patient was 32 years old female, with a history of thyroidectomy and acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), who was seen for acute ascending flaccid tetraplegia with facial diplegia, preceded by diffuse paresthesia. The diagnosis of recurrence of acute demyelinating polyradiculonueropathy was retained in view of the rapidly increasing character of the deficit, the hyperproteinorachy at the lumbar puncture, and the signs of demyelination at the ENMG. The diagnosis of Gougerot-Sjögren’s syndrome in our three patients was established on the basis of the 2016 ACR/EULAR criteria. Indeed, the anti-SSA antibodies (Ro) were positive in our 3 patients with a biopsy of the salivary glands which showed stage 3 in the first patient and stage 4 in the two others. Corticosteroid therapy and immunosuppressive treatment resulted in a favourable clinical evolution on the neurological and general levels. Conclusion: Gougerot-Sjögren’s syndrome is an autoimmune exocrinopathy that may present with peripheral neuropathy, which may precede the diagnosis of Sjögren’s syndrome, be concomitant or occur during the course of the disease.

AA Amyloidosis Secondary to Primary Sjögren Syndrome: Can It Be Developed without Chronic Inflammation?

Background: The association of primary Sjögren syndrome (PSS) and AA amyloidosis is a rare occurrence. Objective: To describe the phenotype of patients with this association through our two cases and a literature review. Materials and methods: A report of two cases of AA amyloidosis complicating primary Sjögren syndrome with a literature review. Results: Eight patients of Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome complicated by AA amyloidosis were studies. Six cases were reported in the literature by consulting several databases. 50% of patients had a positive immunological assessment, three cases with kidney damage, and three cases lung damage. Conclusion: The immunological activity in the Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome requires the search not only a lymphoma but also AA amyloidosis apart from any clinical or biological chronic inflammation.

Sjögren’s Syndrome Revealed by Obstructive Renal Failure: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Introduction: Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is the most common connective tissue disease after rheumatoid arthritis and affects mostly women between 30 and 40 years of age with an estimated prevalence between 0.1% and 0.6%. This observation illustrates an incidental finding of a case of SS in a young female patient in a context of obstructive renal failure (ARF) due to uterine fibroids. Observation: This was a 31-year-old woman hospitalized for anuric AKI (Acute Kidney Injury) with a creatinine level of 1247 μmol/l. Her history included sickle cell disease A/C and an unoperated uterine fibroid diagnosed 3 years ago. Approximately 2 months before her admission, her symptomatology was made of dizziness, physical asthenia, vomiting, poly-arthralgia, morning rash, pollakiuria and oral dryness. Abdominal examination showed a painless transverse mass in the pelvis. Biological examination showed a CRP (C-reactive protein) level of 488 mg/l. The cytobacteriological examination of the urine was normal and the proteinuria was 1.35 g/24 hours. The CT scan showed kidneys measuring 110 mm on the right and 113 mm on the left associated with bilateral pyelo-caliceal dilatation on a large polymyomatous uterus of interstitial and submucosal type. Immunologically, the anti-nuclear factor, the rheumatoid factor and the anti-SSA antibodies were positive. The resumption of the interrogation within the framework of the research of the subjective dry syndrome to find a notion of intermittent xerophthalmia 4 months ago. The Schirmer test was positive in the left eye. The initial management consisted of a polymyomectomy after 3 sessions of hemodialysis. Background treatment combining prednisone 5 mg/day and methotrexate 20 mg/week was started in parallel with the use of artificial tears. The evolution after twelve (12) months of treatment was favorable with a complete disappearance of the signs dry syndrome and full recovery of renal function. Conclusion: SS can have an insidious evolution and remain stable for many years, hence its fortuitous discovery in this case of obstructive ARF on uterine fibroid. In this context we insist on the interest of the immunological assessment in a patient in period of genital activity with a significant proteinuria and non-specific extrarenal signs.

环孢素联合泪点栓塞治疗原发性干燥综合征患者干眼的临床疗效

目的:分析环孢素联合泪点栓塞治疗原发性干燥综合征患者干眼患者的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2022-06/2023-09就诊于保定市第一中心医院经眼科与风湿免疫科多学科会诊后确诊为原发性干燥综合征干眼患者60例120眼临床资料。所有患者均进行原发性干燥综合征常规治疗,根据干眼治疗方法不同分为三组:A组20例40眼使用0.3%玻璃酸钠滴眼液治疗;B组20例40眼使用0.3%玻璃酸钠滴眼液+0.05%环孢素滴眼液治疗;C组20例40眼使用0.3%玻璃酸钠滴眼液+0.05%环孢素滴眼液联合双眼上下泪点行泪点栓塞治疗。比较三组患者治疗前,治疗后4、8、12 wk眼表疾病评分指数(OSDI)评分、结膜充血评分、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、泪河高度(TMH)、角膜荧光素染色(FL)评分和泪液分泌量,治疗前及治疗后12 wk检测泪液中炎性因子白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白介素-1β(IL-1β)含量,观察不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后4、8、12 wk,三组患者OSDI评分、结膜充血评分和FL评分均低于治疗前,BUT、TMH和泪液分泌量均高于治疗前(均P<0.001),C组患者OSDI评分均低于A组和B组,B组低于A组(均P<0.001),C组患者BUT、TMH和泪液分泌量均高于A组和B组,B组均高于A组(均P<0.001)。治疗后12 wk,三组患者泪液中IL-6、TNF-α和IL-1β水平均较治疗前降低,且C组低于A组和B组,B组低于A组(均P<0.001)。治疗随访期间三组患者不良反应发生率比较无差异(P>0.05)。结论:联合应用环孢素和泪点栓塞治疗可改善中重度干眼患者临床症状,提高其泪膜和角膜功能,增加泪液分泌量,降低泪液炎症因子水平,安全有效。

系统性硬化症合并干燥综合征的临床特征分析及危险因素研究

背景系统性硬化症(SSc)是异质性疾病,常同时合并干燥综合征(SS),SSc患者部分症状与SS相似,临床诊治过程中容易漏诊SS。目的探讨SSc合并SS患者的临床和实验室特点及重叠发病的危险因素。方法回顾性纳入2019—2023年在宁波市医疗中心李惠利医院住院治疗的SSc患者为研究对象,收集患者基线资料和实验室检查结果。依据是否合并SS将患者分为SSc组(n=91)和SSc合并SS组(n=36)。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探究SSc合并SS的危险因素。结果SSc合并SS组患者女性比例、病程、血液受累、局限性皮肤型SSc(lcSSc)、自身免疫性肝病比例高于SSc组,肺部受累比例、环磷酰胺使用比例低于SSc组(P<0.05)。SSc合并SS组患者血小板分布宽度、补体C4、抗硬皮病70抗体检出率低于SSc组,碱性磷酸酶、谷氨酰转肽酶、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、抗着丝点蛋白B抗体(抗CENP-B抗体)、抗干燥综合征A/Ro52抗体(抗SSA/Ro52抗体)、抗干燥综合征A/Ro60抗体(抗SSA/Ro60抗体)、抗干燥综合征B抗体(抗SSB抗体)、抗线粒体M2抗体(AMA-M2)检出率高于SSc组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,IgM升高(OR=3.796,95%CI=1.021~14.115)、抗SSA/Ro52抗体阳性(OR=15.099,95%CI=1.750~130.264)、抗CENP-B抗体阳性(OR=11.681,95%CI=1.662~82.097)是SSc合并SS的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论SSc合并SS患者同时具备两者的特点,当SSc患者IgM偏高,抗SSA/Ro52抗体、抗CENP-B抗体阳性并出现相应临床症状时,应进行唇腺活检等系统全面的检查,以防漏诊。

原发性干燥综合征抑郁的研究进展

原发性干燥综合征(pSS)是一种需要引起足够重视的慢性身心疾病。在pSS中,抑郁比口眼干引起更多的个人和社会负担,抑郁症应作为pSS治疗的重要目标之一。pSS抑郁的患病率为8.33%~75.56%,其中女性,年龄在65~80岁,以及诊断干燥综合征后的第1年和第5年发生风险最高。pSS抑郁与pSS疾病本身免疫炎症、临床症状以及病人承受的社会压力等多种因素有关。寻找与pSS抑郁发病密切相关的细胞因子,并阐明其介导抑郁发病的可能机制是目前研究的重点。抑郁常干扰pSS的治疗效果,早期诊治pSS抑郁对病人生活质量和疾病结局的改善至关重要。在原发病治疗的基础上,联合抗抑郁治疗,可提高临床疗效。利妥昔单抗在改善干燥临床症状和神经系统受累方面均有一定疗效,可能成为pSS抑郁病人的不错选择,但需要更多的临床证据支撑。鉴于中医药在治疗pSS抑郁中的有效性和协同作用,临床治疗中可尽早考虑。

参苓白术散加减治疗肺脾气虚津亏干燥综合征疗效及对Toll样受体4/核因子-κB水平的影响

目的探究参苓白术散加减治疗肺脾气虚津亏干燥综合征的疗效及对血清Toll样受体4(TLR4)和核因子-κB(NF-κB)水平的影响。方法选取2019年3月—2022年3月收治的107例干燥综合征患者为研究对象,采用信封法从密封箱子抽取带有数字的纸团,大于等于54的号码为观察组,小于54的号码为对照组。观察组54例,对照组53例。对照组给予硫酸羟氯喹片、甲泼尼龙片治疗,观察组在此基础上联合使用参苓白术散加减治疗。观察两组患者治疗前后中医证候评分、疾病活动指数(ESSDAI)和自我报告指数(ESSPRI)评分、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、白介素-17(IL-17)、免疫功能(CD_(8)^(+)、CD_(4)^(+)和CD^(+)_(4/)CD_(8)^(+))、血清TLR4和NF-κB水平。观察两组患者临床疗效。结果治疗前两组患者两目干涩、关节疼痛、口燥咽干、皮肤干燥、体倦乏力和唾液腺肿评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后观察组两目干涩、关节疼痛、口燥咽干、皮肤干燥、体倦乏力和唾液腺肿评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前两组患者ESSDAI和ES⁃SPRI评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后观察组ESSDAI和ESSPRI评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前两组患者IFN-γ、IL-17水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后观察组IFN-γ、IL-17水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗前CD_(4)^(+)、CD_(8)^(+)、CD_(4)^(+)/CD^(+)8水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后观察组的CD_(4)^(+)、CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+)水平较对照组显著升高,而CD^(+)8水平较对照组显著降低(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗前TLR4/NF-κB水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后观察组TLR4/NF-κB水平较对照组显著降低(P<0.05)。观察组总有效率为96.30%(52/54),显著高于对照组的84.91%(45/53)(χ^(2)=4.096,P=0.043)。结论参苓白术散加减能有效提高干燥综合征患者临床疗效、降低ESSDAI和ESSPRI评分、改善TLR4/NF-κB的水平,有利于提高患者免疫力。

原发性干燥综合征合并神经系统病变患者32例临床分析

目的了解原发性干燥综合征(pSS)合并神经系统病变患者的临床特征。方法回顾分析2013年3月至2022年1月诊断为pSS合并神经系统病变的32例患者的临床资料,并进一步分析定性诊断为脱髓鞘疾病及血管性疾病患者的临床特征。结果pSS合并神经系统病变发生率11.1%(32/287),以神经系统为首发表现的有56.3%(18/32)。pSS合并神经系统病变患者临床表现多样,单纯中枢神经系统病变27例(84.4%),单纯周围神经受累2例(6.3%),中枢神经系统合并周围神经系统病变2例(6.3%),神经-肌肉接头病变1例(3.1%)。32例患者中,脱髓鞘性疾病13例,血管性疾病13例,感染性病变3例,肌紧张性头痛2例,重症肌无力1例,比较脱髓鞘性疾病、血管性疾病患者的临床指标,结果发现脱髓鞘性疾病患者外周血淋巴细胞数量、血清IgM水平均高于血管性疾病患者[1.98(1.39,2.77)×10^(9)·L^(-1) vs.1.30(1.07,1.77)×10^(9)·L^(-1),P=0.005;1.31(1.12,1.88)g/L vs.0.98(0.74,1.18)g/L,P=0.009]。结论pSS合并神经系统病变发生率不低,临床表现多样复杂,脱髓鞘疾病、血管性疾病多见,目前发病机制不明,淋巴细胞活化、免疫系统激活与泛化可能在发病、疾病演变过程中发挥作用。

梳理循证医学证据,规范与展望我国干燥综合征临床药物治疗实践

干燥综合征(Sjögren syndrome,SS)是风湿免疫领域三大常见的弥漫性结缔组织病之一。中国初级卫生保健基金会风湿免疫学专业委员会组织风湿病学专家,联合药学、眼科病学、口腔病学、产科学及指南方法学专家,制定了《干燥综合征超药品说明书用药中国临床实践指南(2023版)》,包括2条强推荐、14条弱推荐和5条基于共识的推荐。本文解读该指南制定的背景、难点、主要内容及特色,解析指南采用最新的SS疗效反应综合指标的单项分解条目作为疗效结局指标进行临床研究证据再评估,梳理出SS超说明书用药的循证分类,指导临床合理用药,同时结合操作要点,便于临床具体实施。该指南不仅有助于规范临床实践SS治疗用药,同时也揭示了SS治疗领域亟待解决的临床问题和未来研究方向。

干燥综合征合并视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病的临床特征分析

目的分析干燥综合征(SS)合并视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病(NMOSD)患者的临床特征、治疗及预后情况。方法检索中国学术期刊数据库(万方)、中国期刊全文数据库(中国知网)、中文科技期刊数据库(维普)、PubMed数据库,检索时间为2011年至2021年,以“干燥综合征、视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病”“干燥综合征神经系统病变”“Sjogren syndrome”“NMOSD”为关键词,分析SS合并NMOSD患者的临床表现、辅助检查及治疗预后情况。结果SS合并NMOSD女性占比较高(94.44%);临床表现常见为视力下降(61.11%),乏力(59.49%),麻木(39.24%),大小便障碍(21.51%),恶心、呕吐(16.45%);实验室检查常存在中枢神经系统水通道蛋白4(AQP4)抗体阳性(87.34%)、抗SSA抗体阳性(93.75%),脑脊液蛋白升高(50.67%);受累部位:以视神经(49.44%)及脊髓(62.01%)病变常见,还可累及脑干、大脑、脑白质。激素及免疫抑制剂治疗有效,但部分患者可能残留视力下降、乏力等症状,复发率为49.69%。结论SS合并NMOSD视力下降及麻木乏力症状多见,常出现视神经及脊髓病变,AQP4抗体对诊断意义大,早期激素和免疫抑制剂治疗可能减少复发,改善预后。