Motivational Orientation and Brand Familiarity： Positive Emotions and Skepticism toward Online Advertising Using the English Language

Online video advertising using the English language is a trend in international marketing. While previous studies have pointed out that individuals＇ motivational orientation in the context of advertising plays a key role in ad preference and effectiveness, few studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of online English advertising on international consumers with different motivational orientations in non-English speaking populations Accordingly, this article examines the effects of motivational orientation and brand familiarity on positive emotions and skepticism in international consumers＇ responses to online video English advertising. The results imply that participants＇ positive emotions can be influenced more by their motivational orientation than by their familiarity with the brand, while their skepticism can be affected more by brand familiarity than by motivational orientation toward the ad. Moreover, participants high in English promotion orientation displayed higher positive emotions toward unfamiliar brand online advertising than did the English prevention-orientated participants toward a familiar brand ad. Prevention orientation exhibits a higher level of skepticism towards an unfamiliar brand online video advertisement. The effects are more explicit in motivational orientation in English than general motivational orientation. This research suggests that generating positive emotions and reducing the skepticism of non-English-speaking individuals is essential to build brand image in online marketing.

Defending Davidson＇s Anti-skepticism Argument： A Reply to Otavio Bueno

In the article of Bueno titled ＂Davidson and Skepticism： How Not to Respond to the Skeptic,＂ he intends to demonstrate that although Davidson＇s theory of Coherence holds many attractions, it does not entail a response to any kinds of skepticism including Global, Lottery, and Pyrrhonian. In this study, the goal is to criticize the work of Prof. Bueno in connection with two criticisms raised by him over Davidson＇s anti-skeptical strategy. Further, by giving some reasons in favor of Davidson＇s anti-skepticism argument, it will be shown that neither the above stated criticisms nor the global skepticism response could undermine the validity of anti-skepticism argument.

The Erasure of Signifiers and Refusal of Signification in Philip Larkin's Poem“High Window”

This paper tries to analyze Philip Larkin's poem"High Window"from a deconstructive perspective. It is to show that in the poem the key words/signifiers are always under erasure, and thus the chain of signification is endless since the poem is self-deconstructing. Then, the paper argues that the linguistic features of the poem paradoxically meaningful in the sense that it reflects the poet's skepticism and anxiety.

Conrad's Skeptical Elements in Nostromo

The Paper analyze the skeptical elements in Nostromo through mostly the analysis of the values held by different character and their respective destiny.Conrad expresses his skepticism towards material interest through the character of Charles Gould,who firmly believes that material interests alone can bring order and peace to the country.But his success is temporary.Eventually success of his silver mine not only intensifies political conflicts but also brings him disillusionment and loneliness.

Gambling on God： A Qualified Defense of Pascal＇s Wager

The paper critically examines and refutes some of the standard arguments against Pascal＇s Wager, particularly, the ＂Many Gods Objection＂. The paper argues that Pascal＇s philosophical and theological opponents proceed far too quickly in dismissing his argument as implausible. Their determined attempts to tear down Pascal＇s Wager have caused them to miss its power and force. While the Wager may not be sound for today＇s multi culturally sophisticated audience, the Wager is quite cogent relative to Pascal＇s time, when theism and agnosticism were the only genuine possibilities. Thus, the paper concludes that Pascal＇s Wager is less vulnerable than most detractors seem to think.

On the Uncertainty of“True-being”: from“Chuang Zhou’s Dreaming of Becoming a Butterfly”

This paper tries to make a philosophical speculation towards the“uncertainty”of“true-being”from the following three aspects:first,Chuang Tzu’s philosophy on skepticism and the uniformity of all things reflected on“Chuang Zhou’s Dreaming of Becoming A Butterfly”;second,Descartes’skepticism on the existence of true being;last,the ongoing exploring of the true being.Through the reflections on different philosophers’speculations towards the same proposition,the belt between Chinese and western philosophy is built,providing a broaden horizon and thinking mode towards life.

Interconnection of Green Marketing and Green Human Resource Management Functions

Over the globe,we are moving to industrialization,which expands business creation,innovation,and different business exercises.This also expands human comfort,yet in addition,builds its way of life.In any case,on the opposite side,it likewise increments environmental danger that came about biological dangers to person.This article highlights the importance of green HRM practices for effective green marketing.The green human asset(the executives)has to make green mindfulness among the new ability and the current representative working for the association,energize their workers for helping the association to lessen the reasons for ecological debasement through green development,green projects and practices,hold the assets for the group of people yet to come.Based on extensive literature review,it is found that green HRM can create readiness,motivation and pledge to workers to contribute their endeavors and thoughts to the greening of their association for real reflection to the consumers in endeavors to cope with green skepticism and greenwash for effective green marketing and corporate social identity.

The usage of technology in preventing and detecting fraud

Auditors of information systems technology （IT） play a major role in the prevention of significant fraud and investigation. Fraud is hard to detect and even more difficult to prevent. All the auditors are responsible for detection, determination of fraud and use of anti-fraud programs. With rapid developments in information, communication and technology, it is no surprise that companies grow and secure IT system, but with the development of technology was developed and fraud schemes. Detection or not the auditor of the fraud, not fulfilling his work reflects you, or not drafting of a plan audit standards and procedures, but he has to do with personal ability auditor, to analyze the findings during the audit, use of tests, the natural limitations of internal control and the fact that most of the findings of the auditor of nature are more persuasive than effective. When you conduct an audit, auditor has a professional skeptic attitude that considers the risk of circumvention of control procedures by management and recognizes that simple fact, the audit procedures that are effective in connection with the discovery of errors, are not suitable for detection and identification fraud. This requires from the auditor to establish a procedure for considering the risk of fraud, in order to detect the exact appearance not as a result of fraud. A particular impact has The Model of Fraud Detection Strategy, as an 8 steps model for identifying fraud, using IT to collect, define and analyze the data and anomalies that highlight indicators of fraud.

Knowledge, Presupposition, and Pragmatic Implicature

It is widely accepted that knowledge is factive, but two different understandings of ＂factivity＂ should be distinguished, namely, the implication version and the presupposition version. While the former only takes the truth of P as a necessary requirement for ＂S knows that P,＂ the latter considers it also necessary for ＂S does not know that P.＂ In this paper, I argue against presupposition and defend implication. More specifically, I argue against Wang and Tai＇s defense of the presupposition version as presented in a recent paper and propose a pragmatic response to the ＂persistence problem＂ of implication. In other words, my positive proposal is an account of implication plus pragmatic implicature. To conclude, I use my version to analyze Wang and Tai＇s distinction between inner skepticism and outer skepticism. My conclusion is that, after abandoning presupposition, we can identify two types of intermediate skepticism between Wang and Tai＇s inner and outer skepticism.

“doubt”及其相关词的近义词群浅析

“怀疑”在英语中有多种表达方式，各种方式之间有时存在着一定的互换性，有时又存在着一定的差异性。本文就“doubt”及其相关词的近义词群通过以下三个方面向读者加以分析。

Philosophy and Science Dialogue： Free Will

In this dialogue Derk Pereboom and Marcel Brass discuss the free will problem from the perspective of philosophy and cognitive neuroscience. First, they give their opinion on how the two disciplines contribute to the free will problem. While Pereboom is optimistic regarding the contribution of science, Brass is more pessimistic and questions the usefulness of an empirical approach to the question whether free will exists or not. Then they outline their position on the free will problem. The idea of a transcendental agent is discussed in more detail. Furthermore, it is discussed whether free will scepticism is a politically, socially, psychologically viable position. Pereboom argues that promoting the idea of free will scepticism can have a positive impact on retributive emotions and the political practice regarding retributive punishment. Brass argues that retributive emotions are deeply rooted in evolution and therefore difficult to change via high-level beliefs about free will. Finally, the future of the free will debate is discussed. Both agree that the dialogue between philosophy and psychology should be intensified. Philosophy can benefit from taking empirical research more seriously. Psychology and neuroscience can benefit from philosophy by appreciating the sophistication and conceptual clarity of the philosophical debate. Both have to find a common language and define common problems that can be tackled from both perspectives.

Diderot＇s Encyclopedie and the French Enlightenment： Summarizing Knowledge and Questioning Knowledge

The article examines the tradition of the writing of Encyclopaedias and historical dictionaries in seventeenth and eighteenth century France. The main ones--by Bayle, Chambers, and by the group assembled by d＇Alembert and Diderot--are all connected with unorthodoxy in religion. The massive collection of knowledge that all three dictionaries compiled sometimes seems to allow a juxtaposition of ideas which cannot be properly reconciled--a situation which leaves it to the reader to create a coherent whole. But Diderot goes the farthest in this direction, and causes even the possibility of such a whole to be questioned.

Four Theses on Dialectics

This paper explores the contemporary relevance of dialectical thought in the context of a number of common contemporary critiques of the practice.Against the common claim made against dialectical thought that it somehow lacks rigor or disciplinary seriousness I argue for a conception of dialectics as scholarship without a scholar.Against the argument that dialectics is hobbled by an ostensibly mono-causal Marxism I posit an understanding of dialectical thinking as research at the edge of an objectively unfolding mystery called capitalism.At the same time I argue that dialectics should openly embrace its skeptical and anti-ethical dimensions but without falling into the temptation of outright skepticism or an exhausted post-political irony.

Social bots’ role in climate change discussion on Twitter: Measuring standpoints, topics, and interaction strategies

This study aims to explore social bots' role in online climate change discussions. By analyzing 491,279 climate-change-related tweets, we found that social bots were actively engaged in climate change discussions on Twitter and contributed up to 1.5.4% of related contents. Bots promote the saliency of energy, climate actions and climate strikes on public agenda. 83.1% of tweets posted by social bots support climate change activism, and 16.9% support climate change skepticism. However, social bot skeptics are more strategical than social bot activists in terms of launching conversations with opposing-minded humans, and avoiding amplification of opposing voices. They are also more successful in inciting opposing-minded humans' initiative conversation and like-minded humans' amplification. Based on the above findings, we suggest cultivating individuals’ media literacy in terms of distinguishing malicious social bots as a potential solution to deal with social bot skeptics disguised as humans, as well as making use of benign social bots for science popularization.