A Design of Modular Interior Ferrite Magnet Fluxswitching Linear Motor for Track Transport

A novel topology of modular ferrite magnet fluxswitching linear motor(FMFSLM)use for track transport is presented in this paper,which enables more ferrite magnets to be inserted into the primary iron core.The motor has a significant low-cost advantage in long-distance linear drive.The proposed FMFSLM’s structure and working principle were introduced.Further,the thrust force expression of the motor was established.The thrust force components triggering thrust force ripple were investigated,and their expressions can be obtained according to the inductances’Fourier series expressions.Resultantly,the relationship between the harmonics of thrust force and that of self-and mutual inductances was revealed clearly.Based on the relationship,a skewed secondary should be practical to reduce the thrust force ripple.Thus,the effect of employing a skewed secondary to the proposed FMFSLM was investigated,and an optimized skewing span distance was determined.Finite element analysis(FEA)was conducted to validate the exactness of the theoretical analysis.The simulation results indicate that the strategy of suppressing thrust force ripple has a significant effect.Meanwhile,the motor maintains a good efficiency characteristic.The results of the prototype experiment are in good agreement with FEAs,which further verifies the proposed modular interior FMFSLM’s practicability.

Application of ACP Nonlinear Math in Analyzing Arithmetic and Radiation Transmission Data (Application 1 & 2) [4-21-2024, 820P] (V)

In this study, we explore the application of ACP (asymptotic curve based and proportionality oriented) Alpha Beta (αβ) Nonlinear Math to analyze arithmetic and radiation transmission data. Specifically, we investigate the relationship between two variables. The novel approach involves collecting elementary “y” data and subsequently analyzing the asymptotic cumulative or demulative (opposite of cumulative) Y data. In part I, we examine the connection between the common linear numbers and ideal nonlinear numbers. In part II, we delve into the relationship between X-ray energy and the radiation transmission for various thin film materials. The fundamental physical law asserts that the nonlinear change in continuous variable Y is negatively proportional to the nonlinear change in continuous variable X, expressed mathematically as dα = −Kdβ. Here: dα {Y, Yu, Yb} represents the change in Y, with Yu and Yb denoting the upper and baseline asymptote of Y. dβ {X, Xu, Xb} represents the change in X, with Xu and Xb denoting the upper and baseline asymptote of X. K represents the proportionality constant or rate constant, which varies based on equation arrangement. K is the key inferential factor for describing physical phenomena.

Utilizing ACP Alpha Beta (αβ) Nonlinear Mathematics for Analyzing Astrophysics and Electrostatic Separation Data (Applications 3 and 4)

Analyses of astrophysics and electrostatic separation data were illustrated with the Asymptotic Curve Based and Proportionality Oriented (ACP) nonlinear math for relating two physical variables. The fundamental physical law asserts that the nonlinear change of continuous variable Y is proportional to the nonlinear change in continuous variable X. Mathematically, this is expressed as dα{Y, Yu, Yb} = −Kdβ{X, Xu, Xb}, with Yu, Yb, Xu, and Xb representing the upper and baseline asymptotes of Y and X. Y is the continuous cumulative numbers of the elementary y and X is the continuous cumulative numbers of elementary x. K is the proportionality constant or equally is the rate constant.

基于修正Sharpe指数的我国开放式基金业绩评价研究

国内外大量实证研究发现基金收益率呈明显的尖峰、厚尾性和有偏性的非正态分布。针对Sharpe指数前提假设是收益率服从正态分布及使用标准差来度量投资风险的缺陷。本文提出用能更好的刻画投资基金收益率分布的非对称性和尖峰、厚尾性的Skewed-t分布来拟合基金收益率分布。在此基础上分别给出了基于Skewed-t分布标准差和Skewed-t分布下的FIGARCH-SKST模型测算的VaR值的修正夏普指数;然后对22只开放式基金数据进行了实证分析。结果表明,基于Skewed-t分布修正的Sharpe指数是有效的。

Scale effects on non-cavitation hydrodynamics and noise of highly-skewed propeller in wake flow

Regarding the scale effects on propeller＇s noncavitation hydrodynamics and hydroacoustics, three similar 7bladed highly-skewed propellers in the wake flow are addressed with diameters of 250, 500 and 1 000 mm, respectively. The discrete line-spectrum noise and its standardized spectrum level scaling law, together with the total sound pressure level are analyzed. The non-cavitation noise predictions are completed by both the frequency domain method and the time domain method. As a fluctuated noise source, the time-dependent fluctuated pressure and normal velocity distribution on propeller blades are obtained by the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes （ URANS ） simulation. Results show that the pressure coefficient distribution of three propellers on the 0.7R section is nearly superposed under the same advance ratio. The periodic thrust fluctuation of three propellers can exactly reflect the tonal components of the axial passing frequency （APF） and the blade passing frequency （BPF）, and the fluctuation enhancement from the small to the middle propeller at the BPF is greater than that from the middle to the big one. By the two noise prediction methods, the increment of the total sound pressure level from the small to the big propeller differs by 2.49 dB. Following the standardized scaling law, the spectrum curves of the middle and big propellers are nearly the same while significantly differing from the small one. The increment of both the line-spectrum level and the total sound pressure increases with the increase in diameter. It is suggested that the model scale of the propeller should be as large as possible in engineering to reduce the prediction error of the empirical scalin~ law and weaken the scale effects.

Neoplastic-Like CELL Changes of Normal Fibroblast Cells Associated with Evolutionary Conserved Maternal and Paternal Genomic Autonomous Behavior (Gonomery)

The present comparative review discusses conservation of early evolutionary, relic genetics in the genome of man, which determine two different mechanistic reductive division systems expressed by normal, human diploid cells. The divisions were orderly and segregated genomes reductively to near-diploid daughter cells, which showed gain of a proliferative advantage (GPA) over cells of origin. This fact of GPA expression is a fundamental requirement for initiation of tumorigenesis. The division systems were responses to a carcinogen-free induction system, consisting of short (1 - 3 days) exposures of young cells to nutritional deprivation of amino acid glutamine (AAD). In recovery growth (2 - 4 days) endo-tetra/ochtoploid cells and normal diploid metaphase cells demonstrated chromosomal reductive divisions to respectively heterozygous and homozygous altered daughter cells. Both division systems showed co-segregating whole complements, which for reduction of the diploid metaphases could only arise from gonomeric-based autonomous behavior of maternal and paternal (mat/pat) genomes. The timely associated appearance with these latter divisions was fast growing small-cells (1/2 volume-size reduced from normal diploidy), which became homozygous from haploid, genomic doubling. Both reductive divisions thus produced genome altered progeny cells with GPA, which was associated with pre-cancer-like cell-phenotypic changes. Since both “undesirable” reductive divisions expressed orderly division sequences, their genetic controls were assumed to be “old genetics”, evolutionarily conserved in the genome of man. Support for this idea was a search for evidential material in the evolutionary record from primeval time, when haploid organisms were established. The theory was that endopolyploid and gonomery-based reductive divisions relieved the early eukaryotic organisms from accidental, non-proliferative diploidy and polyploidy, bringing the organism back to vegetative haploid proliferation. Asexual cycles were common for maintenance of propagating haploid and diploid early unicellular eukaryotes. Reduction of accidental diploidy was referred to as “one-step meiosis” which meant gonomeric-based maternal and paternal genomic independent segregations. This interpretation was supported by exceptional chromosomal behaviors. However, multiple divisions expressing non-disjunction was the choice-explanation from evolutionists, which today is also suggested for the rarer LL-1 near haploid leukemia. These preserved non-mitotic mechanistic divisions systems are today witnessed in apomixes and parthenogenesis in many animal phyla. Thus, the indications are the modern genome of man harbors, relic-genetics from past “good” evolvements assuring “stable” proliferation of ancient, primitive eukaryotes, but with cancer-like effects for normal human cells.

基于偏态分布的风险度量计算

金融时间序列具有尖峰厚尾性,同时在股市中又存在着杠杆效应.对股票指数收盘价格的对数收益率序列建立ARMA-APARCH模型,在对数收益率序列分别满足Skewed-t分布和Skewed-GED的假设下,给出了在险价值及期望损失的计算方法.对t分布与Skewed-t分布、GED与Skewed-GED分别进行对比性实证分析,结果表明,在两个偏态分布假设下计算得到的期望损失估计结果更为保守,更能够捕捉到股市的尾部风险.

投资组合行业配置的动态VaR研究——基于时变Copula-GJR-Skewed-t模型

用时变Copula-GJR-Skewed-t模型研究了深证22个行业分类指数中任意两个投资组合的动态VaR,并与静态VaR比较。实证结果表明,时变t-Copula函数在众多Copula函数中对行业投资组合的拟合效果最优,给出了模型估计出的VaR最大和最小的5对行业组合,不同行业组合的动态VaR在股市周期各阶段关系相对稳定,同一行业组合的动态VaR和静态VaR关系相对稳定,且略高于静态VaR。

Mobile bed thickness in skewed asymmetric oscillatory sheet flows

A new instantaneous mobile bed thickness model is presented for sediment transport in skewed asymmetric oscillatory sheet flows. The proposed model includes a basic bed load part and a suspended load part related to the Shields parameter, and takes into account the effects of mass conservation, phase-lag, and asymmetric boundary layer development, which are important in skewed asymmetric flows but usually absent in classical models. The proposed model is validated by erosion depth and sheet flow layer thickness data in both steady and unsteady flows, and applied to a new instantaneous sediment transport rate formula. With higher accuracy than classical empirical models in steady flows, the new formula can also be used for instantaneous sediment transport rate prediction in skewed asymmetric oscillatory sheet flows.

Performance-based seismic assessment of skewed bridges with and without considering soil-foundation interaction effects for various site classes

The seismic behavior of skewed bridges has not been well studied compared to straight bridges. Skewed bridges have shown extensive damage, especially due to deck rotation, shear keys failure, abutment unseating and column- bent drift. This research, therefore, aims to study the behavior of skewed and straight highway overpass bridges both with and without taking into account the effects of Soil-Structure Interaction （SSI） due to near-fault ground motions. Due to several sources of uncertainty associated with the ground motions, soil and structure, a probabilistic approach is needed. Thus, a probabilistic methodology similar to the one developed by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center （PEER） has been utilized to assess the probability of damage due to various levels of shaking using appropriate intensity measures with minimum dispersions. The probabilistic analyses were performed for various bridge configurations and site conditions, including sand ranging from loose to dense and clay ranging from soft to stiff, in order to evaluate the effects. The results proved a considerable susceptibility of skewed bridges to deck rotation and shear keys displacement. It was also found that SSI had a decreasing effect on the damage probability for various demands compared to the fixed-base model without including SSI. However, deck rotation for all types of the soil and also abutment unseating for very loose sand and soft clay showed an increase in damage probability compared to the fixed-base model. The damage probability for various demands has also been found to decrease with an increase of soil strength for both sandy and clayey sites. With respect to the variations in the skew angle, an increase in skew angle has had an increasing effect on the amplitude of the seismic response for various demands. Deck rotation has been very sensitive to the increase in the skew angle; therefore, as the skew angle increased, the deck rotation responded accordingly. Furthermore, abutment unseating showed an increasing trend due to an increase in skew angle for both fixed-base and SSI models.

Improving MapReduce Performance by Balancing Skewed Loads

MapReduce has emerged as a popular computing model used in datacenters to process large amount of datasets.In the map phase,hash partitioning is employed to distribute data that sharing the same key across data center-scale cluster nodes.However,we observe that this approach can lead to uneven data distribution,which can result in skewed loads among reduce tasks,thus hamper performance of MapReduce systems.Moreover,worker nodes in MapReduce systems may differ in computing capability due to(1) multiple generations of hardware in non-virtualized data centers,or(2) co-location of virtual machines in virtualized data centers.The heterogeneity among cluster nodes exacerbates the negative effects of uneven data distribution.To improve MapReduce performance in heterogeneous clusters,we propose a novel load balancing approach in the reduce phase.This approach consists of two components:(1) performance prediction for reducers that run on heterogeneous nodes based on support vector machines models,and(2) heterogeneity-aware partitioning(HAP),which balances skewed data for reduce tasks.We implement this approach as a plug-in in current MapReduce system.Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed approach distributes work evenly among reduce tasks,and improves MapReduce performance with little overhead.

SKEWED SYMMETRY DETECTION OF QUADRIC SURFACE SOLIDS UNDER ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

The skewed symmetry detection plays an improtant role in three-dimensional（3-D） reconstruction. The skewed symmetry depicts a real symmetry viewed from some unknown viewing directions. And the skewed symmetry detection can decrease the geometric constrains and the complexity of 3-D reconstruction. The detection technique for the quadric curve ellipse proposed by Sugimoto is improved to further cover quadric curves including hyperbola and parabola. With the parametric detection, the 3-D quadric curve projection matching is automatical- ly accomplished. Finally, the skewed symmetry surface of the quadric surface solid is obtained. Several examples are used to verify the feasibility of the algorithm and satisfying results can be obtained.

The effect of different intensity measures and earthquake directions on the seismic assessment of skewed highway bridges

In this study the probable seismic behavior of skewed bridges with continuous decks under earthquake excitations from different directions is investigated. A 45° skewed bridge is studied. A suite of 20 records is used to perform an Incremental Dynamic Analysis （IDA） for fragility curves. Four different earthquake directions have been considered： -45°, 0°, 22.5, 45°. A sensitivity analysis on different spectral intensity measures is presented; efficiency and practicality of different intensity measures have been studied. The fragility curves obtained indicate that the critical direction for skewed bridges is the skew direction as well as the longitudinal direction. The study shows the importance of finding the most critical earthquake in understanding and predicting the behavior of skewed bridges.

Temporal Evolution of Scour at Submerged Circular Cylinders

Temporal evolutions of scour at submerged circular cylinders were investigated.Flow visualization was carried out around the cylinders over plane,under developed and equilibrium scour holes.Video analysis technique was used to formulate the equations for determining the diameter of the horseshoe vortex around the submerged cylinders,which is also verified from the vector diagrams drawn using the velocity measurements.The scour process similar to live bed scour was noticed around the downstream cylinder.The diameter of the horseshoe vortex is found to depend on the diameter of respective cylinder,submergence ratio,spacing between the cylinders and skew angle.This formulation along with the dislodgement and transportation of a single sediment particle is further incorporated in the proposed model for determining the time variation of scour around the submerged cylinders.It is evident from the results that the upstream cylinder shelters the downstream cylinder and thereby reduces the scour at the downstream cylinder.Proposed model is further extended to incorporate the effect of non-uniformity of the sediment particles on the time variation of scour depth.The results indicate significant reduction of scour depth of around 6%and 35%for upstream and downstream cylinders respectively due to the formation of the armor layer.The model is also compared with the local scour component of field data around cylindrical bridge piers to establish the differences in the scour process around a partially submerged cylinder and fully submerged tandem and skewed cylinders.

Genomic Instability in Cancer I: DNA-Repair Triggering Primitive Hereditary 4n-Skewed, Amitotic Division-System, the Culprit in EMT/MET/Metaplasia Cancer-Concepts

The objective was to gain proof of genome damage-repair induced mitotic slippage process (MSP) to 4n-diplochromosome skewed division-system, earlier suggested to have “cancer-deciding” consequences. Our damage-model showed two succeeding phases: molecular mutations for initiation of fitness-gained cells, and large chromosomal changes to aneuploidy from inherited DNA-breakage-repair inaccuracies. The mutations were gained while DNA-repair and DNA-replication, co-existed in the route to tetraploidy, a phenomenon also expressed for some existing unicellular organisms. These organisms also showed genome reductive, amitotic, meioticlike division, and was the origin of human genome conserved, self-inflicted 90° reorientation of the 4n nucleus relative to the cytoskeleton axis. In the in vitro DNA-damage model, this remarkable 4n-event deciding “flat-upright” cell-growth characteristics showed several consequences, for example, cancer-important, E-cadherin-β-catenin cell-to-cell adherence destruction, which gave diploid progeny cells, mobility freedom from cell contact inhibition, likely in renewal tissues. This 4n-skewed division-system with inheritance in progeny cells for repeat occurrences as mentioned for flat-up-right growth patterns is similar to claimed concepts of metaplasia-EMT/MET embryogenesis events in cancer evolution. A scrutiny of this literature, proof-wise invalidated this embryological concept by tetraploid 8C cells occurring in MET events and, was noted for small cell occurrence, i.e., diploidy from 4n-8C reductive division, an also event for tumor relapse cells, derived from genome damaging therapy agents. Pre-cancer hyperplasia reported MSP, cadherincatenin destruction and 90° perpendicularity to basal cell membrane. The DNA-damage-repair model can weed-out therapy-agents triggering 4n-skewed division. Cancer-control, beginning-information, is likely from mutational identity of the 4n derived fitness-gained cells.

A numerical study for boundary layer current and sheet flow transport induced by a skewed asymmetric wave

An analytical model with essential parameters given by a two-phase numerical model is utilized to study the net boundary layer current and sediment transport under skewed asymmetric oscillatory sheet flows. The analytical model is the first instantaneous type model that can consider phase-lag and asymmetric boundary layer development. The two-phase model supplies the essential phase-lead, instantaneous erosion depth and boundary layer development for the analytical model to enhance the understanding of velocity skewness and acceleration skewness in sediment flux and transport rate. The sediment transport difference between onshore and offshore stages caused by velocity skewness or acceleration skewness is shown to illustrate the determination of net sediment transport by the analytical model. In previous studies about sediment transport in skewed asymmetric sheet flows, the generation of net sediment transport is mainly concluded to the phase-lag effect.However, the phase-lag effect is shown important but not enough for the net sediment transport, while the skewed asymmetric boundary layer development generated net boundary layer current and mobile bed effect are key important in the transport process.

On Tilings of Quadrants and Rectangles and Rectangular Pattern

The problem of tiling rectangles by polyominoes generated large interest. A related one is the problem of tiling parallelograms by twisted polyominoes. Both problems are related with tilings of (skewed) quadrants by polyominoes. Indeed, if all tilings of a (skewed) quadrant by a tile set can be reduced to a tiling by congruent rectangles (parallelograms), this provides information about tilings of rectangles (parallelograms). We consider a class of tile sets in a square lattice appearing from arbitrary dissections of rectangles in two L-shaped polyominoes and from symmetries of these tiles about the first bisector. Only translations of the tiles are allowed in a tiling. If the sides of the dissected rectangle are coprime, we show the existence of tilings of all (skewed) quadrants that do not follow the rectangular (parallelogram) pattern. If one of the sides of the dissected rectangle is 2 and the other is odd, we also show tilings of rectangles by the tile set that do not follow the rectangular pattern. If one of the sides of the dissected rectangle is 2 and the other side is even, we show a new infinite family of tile sets that follows the rectangular pattern when tiling one of the quadrants. For this type of dis-section, we also show a new infinite family that does not follow the rectangular pattern when tiling rectangles. Finally, we investigate more general dissections of rectangles, with. Here we show infinite families of tile sets that follow the rectangular pattern for a quadrant and infinite families that do not follow the rectangular pattern for any quadrant. We also show, for infinite families of tile sets of this type, tilings of rectangles that do not follow the rectangular pattern.

Cancer Prevention? Fundamental Genomic Alterations Are Present in Preneoplasia, Including Function of High Frequency Selected Mutations (HFSMs)

In a series of publications a special, tetraploid diplochromosomal division system to only two types of progeny cells (4n/4C/G1 and 2n/4C para-diploid) has been suggested to initiate preneoplasia that can lead to a cancerous pathway. Colorectal and other preneoplasia are known with the pathogenic, histological phases of hyperplasia to arrested adenoma/nevi that can give rise to dysplasia with high risk for cancer development. The present theme is to find solutions to tumorigenic unsolved, biological problems (queries), explainable from the tetraploid 4n-system, which would support its operation in the cancerous pathway. Presently admitted, the mutational sequencing of the cancer genome (cancer chemistry) cannot discover so-called “dark matter”, which herein is considered to be the queries. The solutions from the 4n-system were largely supported by mutated APC-induced same type of tetraploidy from the mitotic slippage process. But importantly, these behaviors and consequences could be linked to the beginning of hyperplastic lesions and their development to the arrest-phase of preneoplasia (polyps/nevi). Function of HFSMs is mostly unknown, but for Barrett’s esophagus, HFSMs (p53, p16ink4a) caused inactivation of the Rb gene, leading to dysplasia with 4n, aneuploid, abnormal cell cycles. In vitro models of the 4n-system from normal human cells recapitulated preneoplasia-like histopathological changes. It was speculated that the “cancer-crucial” step to dysplasia could be therapy-vulnerable to CRISPR-caspase editing, and perhaps antibody treatment. Additionally, the 4n-system with spontaneous cell-behaviors together with preneoplasia molecular data promises construction of a more truthful cancer-paradigm than from sequencing data alone.

Signed Tilings by Ribbon L n-Ominoes, n Odd, via Gröbner Bases

We show that a rectangle can be signed tiled by ribbon L n-ominoes, n odd, if and only if it has a side divisible by n. A consequence of our technique, based on the exhibition of an explicit Gröbner basis, is that any k-inflated copy of the skewed L n-omino has a signed tiling by skewed L n-ominoes. We also discuss regular tilings by ribbon L n-ominoes, n odd, for rectangles and more general regions. We show that in this case obstructions appear that are not detected by signed tilings.

Signed Tilings by Ribbon L n-Ominoes, n Even, via Gröbner Bases

Let Tn be the set of ribbon L-shaped n-ominoes for some n≥4 even, and let T+n be Tn with an extra 2 x 2 square. We investigate signed tilings of rectangles by Tn and T+n . We show that a rectangle has a signed tiling by Tn if and only if both sides of the rectangle are even and one of them is divisible by n, or if one of the sides is odd and the other side is divisible by . We also show that a rectangle has a signed tiling by T+n, n≥6 even, if and only if both sides of the rectangle are even, or if one of the sides is odd and the other side is divisible by . Our proofs are based on the exhibition of explicit GrÖbner bases for the ideals generated by polynomials associated to the tiling sets. In particular, we show that some of the regular tiling results in Nitica, V. (2015) Every tiling of the first quadrant by ribbon L n-ominoes follows the rectangular pattern. Open Journal of Discrete Mathematics, 5, 11-25, cannot be obtained from coloring invariants.