Extreme Pressure Equipments

Pressure equipments in the process industries and the newly developing industries usually have extreme sizes and/or are subjected to extreme operating conditions such as high pressure,blast loading,cryogenic temperature,elevated temperature,complex corrosion,and so on.In order to understand,research and develop these equipments systematically,a concept of extreme pressure equipments（EPEs） is proposed.The applications and demands of EPEs in petrochemical industry,coal chemical industry,advanced energy,military,space technology,and environment protection are introduced.Basic scientific problems in material,design,inspection, and safety related to EPEs are discussed.Then,take chemical composition,manufacturing process,service duration,and operating conditions for example,main factors which affect material properties of EPEs are analyzed.New design concepts including design based on life cycle,dynamic design and light-weight design are introduced.EPEs with higher efficiency,lower cost and safer performance are in urgent demand in national major projects including ten million ton oil refinery,one million ton ethylene,liquefied natural gas transportation,and nuclear power plant.Thus,further research should be conducted on information acquisition, multi-mechanism damage coupling model,damage inspection,life prediction,online safety monitoring,maintenance strategy,safety pre-warning system,and emergency system.

Attenuating water hammer pressure by means of gas storage tank

The basic equations for computing the volume of gas storage tank were derived from the principles of attenuating water hammer pressure. Verifications using experiments indicate that the proposed equation can provide a fare precision in the predictions. By using the model of solid liquid two phase flow, the gas storage tank, pressure relief valves and slow closure reverse control valves were compared with practical engineering problems, and the functions of gas storage tank in attenuating water hammer pressure were further investigated. [

Studies on permissible levels of breathing resistance for aircraft oxygen equipment（Review）

We have formulated 3 permissible levels of respiratory resistance for aircraft oxygen equipment in China based on a comprehensive analysis of the results of human pkysiological experiments and feasibility of technological design and performance with reference to existing standards and data. The ideal level can be used as a basic human physiological criterion. The applied permissible level is a criterion that must be followed in the process of design and production. The permissible level during maximum flow rate is presented as an extended allowable criterion for possible exceeding of the stable level for a short time.

Application of Intelligent Equipment on Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Designated Hospital

Objective: To explore the application of intelligent equipment in non-negative pressure isolation ward for COVID-2019 patients. Method: From February 1 to March 17, 2020, intelligent equipment, such as communication interaction system, intelligent disinfection robot, delivering robot, were used in non- negative pressure isolation ward of COVID-2019. With the help of communication interaction system to supervise the implementation of infection prevention and control, and observe the incorrect situation of pee use and personal behavior before and after the implementation. The disinfection robot and meal delivery robot were used in ward disinfection and life nursing combined with nursing practice. Result: Through the supervision of communication interaction system, the frequency of pee use and personal behavior was reduced. The frequency of bad articles before and after improvement was wearing protective clothing (2.80%/0.84%), taking off protective clothing (5.87%/0.84%), personal behavior observation (8.38%/1.90%), P < 0.01. The robot disinfected and delivered medicine for 912.5 h, saving 225 shifts of nursing staff. Conclusion: Intelligent equipment is a good option for infection control in isolation ward of COVID-2019. It can not only reduce the workload of health workers, but also the cross-infection.

Contact Pressure Intensity Distribution and Its Effects on Workpiece Flatness Error in Plane Polishing with Retaining Ring

In order to find out the contact pressure intensity distribution and its effects on the workepiece flatness error in plane polishing with retaining ring,the contact model and the boundary conditions are built up based on the axial symmetric elastic contact theory.The pressure intensity distribution is calculated and analyzed with the help of the Hankel transform theory and the constructing solution method of Chebyshev orthogonal polynomials.And then,the effects of the dimensionless ring-workpiece gap,the load ratio of the retaining ring and the dimensionless ring width on the contact pressure intensity distribution are obtained.Finally,based on the distribution theory of material removal volume,the effects of the pressure intensity distributions on the flatness errors of polished workpiece are also investigated experimentally.The results show that the contact pressure intensity distribution becomes more uniform and the better profile of polished workpiece can also be obtained,if the dimensionless ring-workpiece gap is reduced,the load ratio is selected as 0.6 to 0.85,and the dimensionless ring width is taken as 0.13 to 0.40.

特高压平板闸阀设计与密封性能分析

针对特高压井口平板闸阀设计指导空缺问题,参考API 6A和API 6D标准中的平板闸阀设计参数确定方法,给出175 MPa工作内压下阀体通径为78 mm的平板闸阀设计参数,补充并完善了国内外特高压井口平板闸阀设计方法,对所设计的平板闸阀采用有限元法分析其在螺栓预紧工况、额定工作内压工况和1.5倍静水压工况下的密封性能。所设计的平板闸阀可以满足密封准则,且能应对一定量的动载荷,可为特高压井口平板闸阀设计提供参考。

连通设备粉尘爆炸泄压面积确定方法

国内外相关标准提供了单体设备的泄压面积计算方法,但连通设备的准则尚属空白.通过FLACS数值模拟,以玉米淀粉为爆炸介质,探究了连通设备内的泄爆压力和压力上升速率.结果表明:当管道长度一定时,传爆容器内最大泄爆压力随泄压面积增加而降低;在设置相同泄压面积时,传爆容器内的最大泄爆压力随管道长度的增长而增大,且达到最大泄爆压力的时间也随之延后;传爆容器所需最小安全泄压面积大于同等大小单体设备的泄压面积,说明现有单体设备的泄压面积计算方法对于连通设备不适用.通过数值拟合,对标准中单体设备的泄压面积计算公式进行修正,使其满足连通设备安全泄压要求.研究结果为连通系统的防爆设计提供参考和依据.

石油化工厂区承压设备使用管理智能化需求分析

石油化工厂区承压设备是特种设备的重要组成部分,一旦发生事故,严重危害人身和财产安全。国家法规标准对企业的特种设备使用管理有相关要求,设备使用管理的智能化是保障设备安全运行的必然趋势。本文介绍了某大型石化企业承压设备使用管理智能化的现状,以此为基础分析了当前智能化存在的问题和进一步发展的需求,提出了承压设备实现使用管理智能化过程中亟待解决的重点任务,为推进相关工作提供参考。

基于PLC的数控机床电气设备电压稳态控制研究

数控机床电气设备的电压稳态控制的网络损耗高,导致控制效果差,提出基于PLC的数控机床电气设备电压稳态控制研究。根据电气设备等效电路,分析数控机床电气设备无功输出原理,通过压降计算原理,计算数控机床电气设备间的压降,设计电气设备电压稳态控制方案,实现数控机床电气设备的电压稳态PLC控制。实验结果表明,设计方法将数控机床电气设备网络损耗控制在25 W以内,从而保证数控机床电气设备的安全稳定运行,该方法具备可行性和有效性。

基于油压监测的电力少油设备状态检修技术探讨及应用

少油设备的检修以周期性停电检修为主,该方式很难及早发现设备异常,易错过发现设备故障的最佳时机,酿成爆炸事故。现有的泄漏电流、介质损耗、局部放电等在线监测方法,也难于实时监测设备故障信息。为此建立了油浸式套管和电流互感器的油压分析模型,提出油压实时监测、异常预警、带电取油、色谱验证以及缺陷处置的少油设备状态检修技术路线,研制出油压在线监测、带电校验、带电取补油等成套设备,并进行现场应用。通过典型案例分析,进一步验证技术方案的可行性。

致密储层岩石超低渗测试系统研发与应用进展

面向深部非常规能源开发领域,自主研制了一套适应于储层特性和深埋环境的超低渗测试系统,旨在解决高地温、高地压、高孔压条件下致密岩石超低渗透率精准测定的难题。该系统由渗流管路和高温高压多通道压力室两部分重要组件构成,经过创新设计和系统优化,能稳定且可靠地模拟150℃高温、150 MPa围压和100 MPa孔压的深部储层环境,并能实现从亚纳达西至毫达西量级岩石样品渗透率的脉冲衰减法测量。基于该系统,开展了花岗岩和页岩在不同加卸载循环、有效应力、孔隙压力和温度条件下的渗透率测试。测试结果表明,加卸载循环次数增加有助于减少取样、制样过程中次生变形或次生微裂隙对测试结果的干扰;孔隙压力的提升抑制了气体滑脱效应,测得的表观渗透率更接近固有渗透率;相同有效应力条件下,页岩单一裂隙渗透率比基质渗透率至少高3个数量级;所建立的裂隙渗透率物理模型精准拟合了单一裂隙渗透率的测试结果,适用于刻画有效应力、孔隙压力和裂隙压缩变形共同影响下的裂隙页岩渗透率变化规律;固定有效应力和孔隙压力条件时,页岩渗透率随温度升高而降低。综上所述,所研发的超低渗测试系统可为致密储层渗透率的评价提供技术支撑,相关测试结果有助于加深对深部储层环境中流体运移机制的理解。

高压气瓶非接触压力测量系统设计

常规状态下气瓶压力测量,在气瓶出口管路上开口进行引压测量,对于高压气瓶在长期贮存的情况下,开口引压存在开口部位压力泄漏的隐患;为克服气瓶开口引压泄漏问题,对气瓶非接触压力测量系统进行分析研究,基于气瓶壁在压力下产生形变的情况,通过对气瓶壁进行应变测量关键技术,建立气瓶壁的应变量与内部压力之间的关系计算模型,经多次实验验证,积累不同温度及压力下的相关数据参数,运用数据模型拟合具有温度补偿的压力计算公式,通过编程写进便携式测试仪,实现对高压气瓶在不接触介质的情况下非接触压力测量的目的,并满足了气瓶在高压下进行长期贮存时随机测量的应用需求。

基于GIS组合设备的SF6气体压力精准监测研究

SF6气体压力数据中的野值会导致数据质量不高,使SF6气体压力在线监测精度与效率下降,设计一种针对变电站GIS组合电器设备的SF6气体压力在线监测方法。通过SF6气体压力数据采集架构获取气体压力数据,采用回归模型检测并剔除压力数据中的野值。以剔除野值后的数据为基础,采用Beattie-Bridgman方程计算电气设备实时SF6气体压力值,利用灰色理论对压力值展开拟合处理获得精准的SF6气体压力在线监测值。实验结果表明,设计的方法针对SF6气体压力数据采集质量高,监测精度较高。

智能控压钻井关键技术研究进展与展望

随着油气勘探开发快速向深层、深水、非常规等复杂难动用领域发展,涌、漏、塌、卡等井下风险显著增加,亟需研发自动化程度更高、且具有智能化操控能力的精细控压钻井技术与装备,加速由半自动化、自动化到智能化的发展进程,实现早期精准复杂工况预测,更快、更准地控制并消除钻井风险。在调研国内外控压钻井技术与装备的智能化发展现状的基础上,阐述了智能控压在智能控制、数据采集与处理等装备方面,以及井下复杂深度学习识别方法、智能决策分析软件等关键技术的研究进展,试验初步验证了其显著的技术优势,但仍有待现场充分验证与完善。建议进一步加速控压钻井技术与智能技术的跨界融合,建立支撑复杂油气高效勘探开发的智能控压钻井技术体系,助力我国油气工程技术高水平自立自强。

塑料制品挤-注-压加工成型工艺的介绍(二)

本文介绍了塑料制品的一种新的加工成型工艺,暂定名为挤-注-压加工成型工艺。

浅谈涂装车间辅助设备设计说明及技术要求

主要介绍了涂装车间辅助设备设计说明及技术要求,包括滑橇高压清洗间设备系统、格栅、工装人工清洗间设备系统、风淋室、工业洗衣机等。

基于脉搏波和心电信号的无创连续血压预测方法研究

目的 研究基于脉搏波和心电信号的无创连续血压预测方法。方法 从MIMIC-Ⅲ数据库中选取300个病例,用于构建血压预测模型、模型验证;另收集2022年1月至6月入住福建省立医院重症监护病房的121例患者,用于测试模型;采集患者动脉血压、光电容积脉搏波和心电图信号。构建两个血压预测模型,一个是以人工提取出的8种特征参数构建的人工特征参数模型,另一个是以8种特征参数加1种卷积神经网络提取的特征进行融合构建的特征融合模型。对两个预测模型进行验证、测试,评价指标采用平均绝对误差(MAE)、标准差(SD)、均方根误差(RMSE),根据国际公认的美国医疗器械促进协会(AAMI)规定的标准进行评价,对比两个模型预测能力。结果 用MIMIC-Ⅲ数据对两个模型进行评价,特征融合模型的MAE、SD符合AAMI标准,RMSE比人工特征参数模型低。用实际收集的重症患者数据对两个模型进行评价,特征融合模型收缩压的SD、舒张压的MAE和SD达到AAMI标准,RMSE也比人工特征参数模型低。结论 特征融合模型的预测能力比人工特征参数模型好。

海洋超高温高压油气钻井关键设备技术研究

为了提升我国海洋超高温高压钻井设备的国产化水平,对海洋超高温高压钻井主要设备进行了简要介绍,分析了海洋超高温高压钻井设备的国内外技术现状,重点阐述了海洋超高温高压钻井设备的关键技术及其研发思路。分析结果表明:钻井防喷器及控制系统、井口装置、泥线悬挂装置及井下工具等为当前急需攻关突破的超高温高压钻井关键设备;我国在这些关键设备的设计、制造和试验等多方面与国外存在差距,主要体现在高强度金属材料开发、密封设计制造、控制元器件开发和系统设备海试等4项关键技术方面。就这些关键技术提出了比较详细的研发思路,以期推动超高温高压钻井关键装备的国产化进程,增强我国海洋超高温高压油气田的勘探开发能力。

石化成套装置不停输服役条件下无损检测新技术的应用

在线检测是目前石化成套装置内承压设备常用的一种检测方式,有助于石化企业生产装置长周期安全运行,降低生产成本及检修费用,提升企业竞争能力。通过对声发射检测、电磁超声检测、脉冲涡流检测、平衡场涡流检测、阵列涡流检测、超声导波检测及数字平板成像7种常用在线检测技术的应用特点进行分析,结合腐蚀减薄、环境开裂2种损伤类别,给出了压力容器和工业管道在线检测技术的选择建议。

焊后消氢处理对核电承压设备用022Cr23Ni5Mo3N双相不锈钢组织及性能的影响

为了研究经过焊后消氢处理的承压设备用022Cr23Ni5Mo3N双相不锈钢组织及性能变化规律,对该双相不锈钢进行300~400℃焊后消氢处理,采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM),分析在不同焊后消氢处理温度对材料组织的影响作用,并对焊后消氢处理样品进行力学性能和耐蚀性能测试。研究结果表明,析出相以富Cr的α'相为主,且主要由铁素体组织产生,在相同保温时间,随着焊后消氢热处理温度的提高,组织析出物逐渐增多。由于析出相在晶界处的钉扎作用导致材料的强度提高,韧性明显下降,但022Cr23Ni5Mo3N双相不锈钢仍具有良好的耐蚀性能。