The Awkward Sharing Economy:Its Status Quo and Prospect

This paper comprehensively analyzes the origins,current situation,and prospects of the sharing economy.The primary purpose is to present the issues and challenges confronting the sharing economy at its current,awkward stage of development and to make reasonable speculations about its future.The research is based on academic literature on the sharing economy from both domestic and international sources.The findings indicate that despite current shortcomings in the regulatory system,industry structure,and user behavior,the scope of the sharing economy’s applications could still expand,and its technology could continue to advance.Overall,the prospects for the sharing economy are likely to be promising.

Taxation Models and Improvement Proposals for Personal Income Tax in the Sharing Economy

As an innovative economic model,the sharing economy has seen rapid growth globally in recent years.It has not only brought a profound impact on traditional economies but also injected new vitality and momentum into the sustainable development of the social economy.However,for the sharing economy,the process of collecting personal income tax is facing several issues,such as the ambiguity of tax policies regarding personal income,challenges in identifying taxpayers,and difficulties in defining income.To achieve the fairness and efficiency of personal income tax collection in the sharing economy,this study proposes optimized regulatory mechanisms and conducts in-depth discussions on the adjustment of personal income tax policies,innovation in tax management technology,and improvement in the quality of personal income tax services.

Sharing Economy: A New Economic Revolution to Step into an Era of Ecological Civilization

The sharing economy based on the "Internet plus" has penetrated into all aspects of the economy and society and ushered in the widest-ranging economic revolution which is sweeping the 21 st century. The "Internet plus," by introducing trans-boundary reallocation of social resources, has radically changed the traditional patterns characterizing the market economy, such as the pattern of resource allocation, consumption, innovation, and wealth creation. It implants an innovative nervous system into the traditional market economy and makes it possible for a modern economy to evolve from a mechanical system into a complex living organism. The future economy, owning a life mechanism, will witness wealth being created through wisdom. The current exploding growth of cloud computing and big data signals a transformation from a knowledge-based economy to a wisdom-based smart economy. What is truly worth noticing is that, as humans step into an era of a sharing economy, China, among all the thriving sharing economies, boasts unique late-mover advantages and shares equal opportunities with the developed countries. This requires China to avoid simply following suit and instead taking an approach of self-innovation for economic development.

Characteristics:Evidence from the“Enclave Economy”in the PRD Region

Paired assistance is an important means for developed regions to help lessdeveloped regions achieve common prosperity.Despite its advantages,governmentmandated paired assistance tends to be less effective due to the lack of economic incentives for assisting localities.Therefore,local governments in China have explored an incentivecompatible paired assistance model.Based on the paired assistance between cities in the Pearl River Delta(PRD)region and the eastern,western and northern parts of Guangdong Province,this study designed a natural experiment for the network relationship of paired assistance.Empirical results based on industrial and commercial registration data and land transfer data indicate that paired assistance has enhanced bilateral investment linkages,and that the inter-regional benefit sharing mechanism has incentivized assisting localities to provide paired assistance.Our heterogeneity analysis reveals that a shorter distance between assisting and beneficiary localities may lead to better results of paired assistance.This study contributes to the understanding of incentive mechanisms for local government cooperation and offers insights for balancing regional development and achieving common prosperity.

Enterprises' Responsibility for Environment Protection in the Sharing Economy Era

The representative private enterprises in a town were studied, and how can they get out of the pollution predicament based on cooperation and participation in the background of sharing economy was analyzed, which has huge value for the development of non-public enterprises in China in the sharing economy era.

Sharing Economy: A Paradigm Revolution and Chinese Narrative

Sharing economy delivers structural impact on traditional theories of social sciences. To a certain extent, it subverts the classic issues of “invisible hand,”“society must be defended,”“free-rider problem” and “big government vs. small government” in traditional Western theories of economics, public administration and sociology. Under such circumstances, it is imperative to examine this theoretical innovation from the perspective of paradigm revolution. The Chinese economy(the Internet-enabled sharing economy in particular) is a revolutionary innovation of great significance in world history. China should take this “sharing” tide as an opportunity to promote digital China construction and industrial restructuring and create a new landscape for the construction of a socio-cultural system, a new national regulatory system and a modern governance system. This will help develop a China-led theoretical system of social sciences and essentially support the building of a new world order and a global discourse system.

Green development of rural tourism from the perspective of sharing economy

A tourist vacation that integrates leisure and learning has become a new fashion. In line with this development trend, rural tourism with unique charm has developed well. However, the delay and asymmetry of information in the development of rural tourism lead to the coexisting contradiction between lack of a large number of resources idle and the inability of satisfying tourists’ deep experience. The sharing economy can help match the supply and demand sides precisely to improve the efficiency of use of idle resource. The sharing economy is integrated into the development of rural tourism. Through the Internet platform, it can effectively realize the maximum use of idle resources of rural tourism, to promote green sustainable development of rural tourism in the context of sharing economy.

Technology Management of Capital Assets and Risks in the Service Sharing Economy： Cases of Uberization of Crowdfunding and Transportation in Mexico

Firms such as Airbnb, Uber, Blablacar have platforms for connecting owners of underused assets with clients through, the internet, thus allowing people to rent out their spare rooms, or book relay rides by acting as matchmakers, allocating resources where they are needed and charging a percentage of the cost in return. This phenomenon could be regarded from the point of view： （1） of Internet technology evolution from a network of computers to a network of people devoted to sharing their knowledge and user experience, coming further, as the Internet of Things （IoT）, and （2） as part of the increasing involvement of the user （consumer/client） in production and innovation processes. These approaches allow us to analyze service-user platform firms according to the different kinds of specific assets distribution and risks. The new organization is based on internet platform tools which integrate information, machinery, energy, and science, and costumer collaboration. We conclude that there are large profits for those firms based on platforms, as there are not yet any counterbalances through competition, posing the question about the needed or not of technology management regulation during this phase of service sharing economy. A selection of 17 service platform firms in Mexico involved in transportation and crowdfunding are described on the basis of their business model, the market and the distribution of assets and income

Unpredictable Sharing Economy: Barbaric Growth, Deceptive Representation and Divergent Regulation

In the context of globalization and informatization, some traditionally lowtech and labor-intensive sectors have developed mobile Internet-based platforms and formed a new business format: the sharing economy. In the beginning, such a new business format lowered the threshold of participation, cut dealing costs, and enjoyed the relative advantage of being free from regulatory institutions. Therefore, it easily attracted investments and witnessed rapid development. Early-stage of the sharing economy features were "being shared, collaborative and on-demand." For a variety of reasons, the development of the sharing economy has already been accepted and recognized by current society. It is expected to become a new growth point and has the chance to replace the established business format of our industrial society and subsequently trigger many more "pain points." Regarding the regulation and governance of the sharing economy, there are divergences in its legality, platform nature, industrial impact and employment relationships. Identifying and resolving such regulatory divergences to the maximum degree is a prerequisite for the governance of the sharing economy and also a key to its smooth development.

"Sharing Economy" Promotes the Toy Rental Market

From Star Wars to My Little Pony,from Harry Potter to Bala Bala the little magic fairy,from building blocks to electric trains,the shopping list of toys is endless as there are always new products to come.As the government implements a nation-wide two-child policy,a consumption upgrade is underway,and toys become an important item

The Model of Indirect Pricing Transactions and the New Boundaries of the Sharing Economy

In recent years,the sharing economy has become more prevalent in many lives.While bringing convenience to the public,it has also improved resource efficiency,thus gradually driving economic development.By studying indirect pricing transactions,the authors have discovered a new sort of sharing economics which may be able to resolve the issue presented by intangible assets(such as entrepreneurship)and provide new ideas for addressing social problems.Compared with the traditional sharing economy,this new economic pattern has wider potential utility.The authors hold that their indirect pricing theory establishes the theoretical foundation of new sharing economics,while the model of indirect-pricing transaction extends the boundaries for the existing sharing economy.

Impact of COVID-19 on China’s Sharing Economy and its Outlook

This paper briefly summarizes the current situation of China’s Sharing Economy(SE)during the COVID-19 pandemic,then analyzes new challenges and opportunities that it currently faces in different fields,and expounds its role in China’s economic development in the future.Based on various data and findings,this paper finally points out the way forward for the Sharing Economy industry in China.

New Insights in Sharing Economy During the COVID 19 Pandemic

Sharing Economy has arrived in Greece carrying on the experience of abroad and together with the so-called“good practices”,it still seems to be in a standstill.So,the“hosts”are multiplying day by day,the big hotel companies are not responding at the moment,and most studies end up with balanced use of the phenomenon.Main research objective of this paper is to examine the consequences of the COVID 19 pandemic to the Sharing Economy according to the perceptions of the owners.More precisely,the paper examines the characteristics of Thessaloniki’s tourism product and how they emerge more effectively through the Sharing Economy.In the city center there are more than 2,000 active properties.The present research uses a non-random sample as descriptive means.The“convenience sampling method”was addressed to participants with the above qualities whose contact details were known to the researchers.The research population is the active depositors on the Sharing platforms and/or the accommodation managers.Their contact details were found after research done at Sharing Economy platforms,internet sites,social media profiles and groups,and AirDNA data.To the authors’best knowledge this is the first attempt that has been done in order to investigate the effects and the future of the Sharing Economy in the Municipality of Thessaloniki during the COVID 19 pandemic based on the views of the owners.

Research on the New English Language Teaching Approach based on Sharing of the Knowledge Economy under the MOOCs Background

In this paper, we conduct research on the new English language teaching approach based on sharing of the knowledge economy under the MOOC background. College English teaching is the core part of education in colleges and universities that are leading an indicator of college teaching can reveal most times the imprinting to teaching in colleges and universities. College English teaching from scratch, since the childhood, beyond the difficulty of the teaching area, through the teaching of confusion, but always insist on teaching idea of development as the center, continuously innovative fusion of gesture to the new development of English teaching to maximize the realization of the value of English teaching and cultivate highly qualified English talents for the society. Our research uses the MOOC platform to optimize the traditional education pattern which is innovative.

Research on New Employment Methods of College Students from the Perspective of Sharing Economy

Since the concept of cooperative consumption was proposed,the sharing economy has become the topic of highest concern in the academic world.From the perspective of the economic market,the sharing economy has created a new model that breaks the original economic order,which can accommodate more labor.Compared with traditional employment methods,the sharing economy has undergone significant changes in terms of labor.The sharing economy is extremely dependent on information technology,and the employment relationship is relatively vague.This poses great challenges to the welfare,income security,and stability of college graduates’employment.This paper explores and analyzes the new employment methods from the perspective of the sharing economy.

The restructuring of the manufacturing industry and the development of career path:The dual effect of the sharing economy

With the development of information and communications technology,the sharing economy grows dramatically.For example,the transaction value in China’s sharing economy was about 42942 billion RMB in 2018,increased of 41.6%over the previous year.Critique of the sharing economy points that the presence of the sharing economy prevents its traditional counterpart from developing sustainably by creating unemployment in traditional industries related to the sharing economy.This paper is therefore to study the dual effect of the sharing economy on the restructuring the manufacturing industry and the development of career path.By constructing an economic model,we particularly investigate the change in the labor market structure due to the presence of the sharing economy and the welfare in such a case.We show that the presence of the sharing economy can bring two effects,i.e.,DIVERSIFICATION and INCLUSIVENESS,into the workplace,which enriches the job structure and allows more labor with relative low skills to join.Regardless of the labor skill,the rapid development of the sharing economy provides new paths for their career development.In addition,we demonstrate that the above two effects crucially rely on the characteristic of CORRECTNESS of the government’s policy.The results of the theoretical model explain the necessary of promoting moderate sharing economy in terms of career development and can also be applied in the traditional manufacturing industry to explain the effect of the sharing economy on such industry.

Study on Employee-sharing in China

Labor shortages caused by an aging population and falling fertility present an obstacle to China’s modernization drive.Since the limited labor resources take time to increase,employee-sharing as a collaborative and innovative mode of employment represents a novel strategy for addressing the sharp declines in the working-age population and labor supply.Based on the theories of the sharing economy,gig economy,and skills economy,this paper develops a systematic framework for employee-sharing and explains its significance for the country,employers,and individuals in light of flexible employment and employee-sharing practices.At the national level,we advocate transforming the identity of employees from“corporate assets”to“social assets”,their labor relationship from“dependence on employers”to“independent social members”,and their teams from“corporate governance”to“labor union governance”.At the corporate level,we recommend that businesses streamline fixed-term workforce and transform themselves into platform-connected social entities.At the individual level,we establish a basic framework for employee-sharing to expand employee income sources and improve the social protection system,and elaborate on its significance for the country,employers,and individuals.The employee-sharing mechanism can be adopted step by step by resolving issues such as employee labor contract termination and management of shared employees.This gradualist strategy seeks to create a mode of employee-sharing that is feasible and in line with current trends for the benefit of the country,employers,and employees,and to contribute a Chinese solution and perspective to the global question of labor recruitment.

“sharing economy”如何让生活更加美好?

在上一期里,我们曾尝试勾勒出数字经济的框架,物联网及其衍生出的四个数字经济的核心:数据、算法、平台、价值交换,在平台中出现的最新、最热的内容就是'sharing economy'。越来越多的领域出现'sharing economy'的形式,是行业数字化转型的方向,也是数字经济的重要部分。'sharing economy'——共享经济还是分享经济?

Circular Economy in HealthCare Challenges and Issues

Some major countries like India investing in biopharmaceutical industry have designed new business models of circular economics called the“Uber for HealthCare”for instance by Basu et al.,for medical equipment in India(Euro,Healthcare Stream,&Dublin 2018).This raises major challenges for global supply of medicine and Value Chains in life science.This contribution will provide a review of recent experiences and an analysis of how it impacts current global value chains.Current economic model development strengthening the demand side of the system and applications of choice modeling to capture heterogeneity of demand at individual level face with new circular strategies implemented by health care organizations and economic suppliers.The all-value system is challenged by such models including the critical decision points at prognostic,diagnostic,and treatment stages;platforms such as the Her2adaptive technology platform with cost sensitivity indexes proposed by Huttin and Liebman(Technology&HealthCare,2011)face also potential adaptation to integrate new priorities:for instance,in circular economy with integration of circular touch points.Research results like Van Boerdonk et al.(2021),demonstrate that reaching cleaner production with higher environmental values may become“paradoxical with lower or unimportant customer value”.Government and payers may need to create new policies for waste management and for sustaining reasonable and fair value for money in the health system.Moreover,the economics of sharing economy may need to find appropriate forms of centralization or decentralization in the organizations of health systems and decision-making processes.Circular models in health care in sharing economy may benefit single pathway models,often too expensive for affordable welfare contracts.This paper will continue the previous research agenda and papers on global value chains with the use of TiVa OECD database(joined in the WB-WTO project)and a quality paper on the biotech development chain and Covid-19(Huttin,2019;2021).

共享平台的生存空间和社会价值

基于互联网的共享经济迅猛发展,满足了越来越多的社会需求.基于这一背景,首先分析了共享经济的业态、发展阶段以及共享经济的优势和劣势.然后从平台的视角,以“相对综合优势”指标为出发点定义了“市场份额增量指标”,研究共享平台与专业平台同时进入市场竞争和平台分别作为领导者与追随者等不同情形下的竞争情况与均衡状态.最后考察共享平台在市场上的生存空间和社会价值.研究发现:1)若共享平台和专业平台同时进入市场竞争,只有当专业平台相对综合优势足够显著时,共享平台将可能退出市场;否则即使面对专业平台的相对综合优势,共享平台仍然能够生存,出现两类平台相互竞争的局面;而且闲置资源的低回报要求,使得共享平台将专业平台挤出市场变得可能.2)相比同时进入市场竞争,共享平台作为追随者参与竞争的优势更明显,平台具有后发优势.3)从共享平台的社会价值来看,共享平台进入市场不一定增加社会福利,只有当共享平台从社会福利角度出发,达到最优的产出水平时,其进入市场能够补偿专业平台的多样化损失,实现最优补偿.