Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm:Two case reports

BACKGROUND Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell tumor(BPDCN)is a rare and highly invasive lymphohematopoietic tumor that originates from plasmacytoid dendritic cells.BPDCN has an extremely poor prognosis.Skin lesions are usually the first manifestation of BPDCN,although the tumor may also invade the bone marrow,lymph nodes,peripheral blood,and other parts of the body,leading to several other manifestations,requiring further differentiation through skin biopsy and immunohistochemistry.CASE SUMMARY In the present paper,the cases of 2 patients diagnosed with BPDCN are discussed.The immunohistochemistry analysis of these 2 patients revealed positivity for CD4,CD56,and CD123.Currently,no standard chemotherapy regimen is available for BPDCN.Therefore,intensive therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia was applied as the treatment method for these 2 cases.CONCLUSION Although allogeneic bone marrow transplantation could be further effective in prolonging the median survival the ultimate prognosis was unfavorable.Future treatment modalities tailored for elderly patients will help prolong survival.

Associated Factors of Anxiety Symptoms in Patients with Keratinocyte Carcinoma:A Cross-Sectional Study

Background:Keratinocyte carcinoma(KC)is a common malignancy characterized by a high recurrence rate and considerable psychological distress.The incidence of KC is increasing in China,raising concerns about its psychological consequences and adverse effects on quality of life.Demographic and clinical factors are thought to influence mental health outcomes in these patients.Nonetheless,data on the prevalence of anxiety in Chinese patients with KC and the factors associated with this anxiety are notably lacking.Therefore,a comprehensive investigation into the anxiety of patients with KC is imperative.Objective:This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety in patients with KC,a disease that can significantly affect a patient’s appearance and overall quality of life.Understanding the level of anxiety in this population is critical to developing targeted interventions,improving treatment outcomes,supporting mental health,and improving patient care practices.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted at China’s largest dermatology hospital from November 2017 to September 2022.A consecutive sampling method was used to recruit participants.Anxiety status was surveyed by the Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS).Explanatory variables were surveyed by demographic data questionnaires.Non-parametric test and Chi-square test analyses were used to compare the differences between groups.Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with anxiety.Results:A total of 192 patients with KC were included.The median score of SAS was 35(IQR 16.25).The prevalence of anxiety in patients with KC was 20.8%.Females(p=0.008),under 60 years old(p=0.011),living in rural(p=0.010)or urban areas(p=0.029),having fewer than three children(p=0.016),with a history of skin diseases(p<0.001),with a history of long-term oral medication(p=0.001),and experiencing pain or itching(p=0.001)had SAS scores that were significantly higher than their counterparts.Conclusion:This study showed that the prevalence of anxiety was very high among Chinese patients with KC,especially among women,young patients,rural residents,patients with fewer than three children,and individuals with a history of skin disease,long-term oral medications,or symptoms of pain or itching.Targeted psychological interventions for these specific populations should be implemented to effectively alleviate anxiety and improve quality of life in these at-risk groups.

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm in Jinhua,China:Two case reports

BACKGROUND Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm(BPDCN)is a rare and clinically aggressive hematologic malignancy originating from the precursors of plasmacytoid dendritic cells.BPDCN often involves the skin,lymph nodes,and bone marrow,with rapid clinical progression and a poor prognosis.The BPDCN diagnosis is mainly based on the immunophenotype.CASE SUMMARY In this paper,we retrospectively analyzed 2 cases of BPDCN.Both patients were elderly males.The lesions manifested as skin masses.Morphological manifestations included diffuse and dense tumor cell infiltration of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues.Immunohistochemistry staining showed that cluster of differentiation CD4,CD56,CD43,and CD123 were positive.CONCLUSION In this paper,we retrospectively analyzed 2 cases of BPDCN.Both patients were elderly males.The lesions manifested as skin masses.Morphological manifestations included diffuse and dense tumor cell infiltration of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues.Immunohistochemistry staining showed that cluster of differentiation CD4,CD56,CD43,and CD123 were positive.

Quantification of In Vivo Epidermal Keratinocyte Architecture Associated with the Signs of Skin Aging and the Skin Benefit Evaluation by Application of Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate (Pitera)-Containing Skin Care Product

Background: Aged skin exhibits visual alterations such as wrinkles, rough texture, pore dilation, and dull skin tone, as well as physiological aging, namely, decreased hydration and increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Recent advances in coherence tomography have also revealed that skin aging affects in vivo epidermal keratinocyte architecture. However, the interconnectivity between spatial architectural aging and visual/physiological aging parameters remains largely unknown. Purpose: To elucidate whether the tomographic keratinocyte architectural aging is correlated with visual and physiological skin aging parameters and to quantitatively evaluate the improvements of the architectural, visual, and physiological aging parameters by the daily treatment of the skin care formula containing Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate (GFF, 8X PiteraTM). Method: We measured the in vivo keratinocyte cellular architecture with two-photon stereoscopic tomography obtaining by-layer epidermal section images in 78 Asian females of various ages. Visual aging parameters were analyzed using a portable image capture system. Hydration and TEWL were also assessed. The anti-aging effects of GFF-containing skin moisturizer (SK-II LXP CreamTM) were also examined in two studies after twice-daily application for 2 (N = 35) and 4 (N = 32) weeks. Results: As for the keratinocyte cellular architecture, skin aging was significantly associated with decreased cell density and increased cell uniformity. These architectural aging parameters were significantly correlated with visual and physiological aging parameters, namely, rough texture, wrinkles, pore dilation, dull skin tone, dehydration, and increased TEWL. The strong interconnectivity allowed us to develop formulae to estimate the keratinocyte architecture from visual aging parameters. Moreover, twice-daily application of SK-II significantly improved the keratinocyte architecture associated with multiple skin aging visual and physiological parameters. Conclusion: Skin aging is a process involving mutual interconnections among epidermal keratinocyte cellular architecture, visual, and physiological parameters. The GFF-containing moisturizer SK-II effectively improves spatial architecture of keratinocytes in epidermis and these evaluated skin aging parameters in a new trajectory over the course of treatment. .

Homeopathic mother tincture of Phytolacca decandra induces apoptosis in skin melanoma cells by activating caspase-mediated signaling via reactive oxygen species elevation

OBJECTIVE： Preventive measures against skin melanoma like chemotherapy are useful but suffer from chronic side effects and drug resistance. Ethanolic extract of Phytolacca decandra （PD）, used in homeopathy for the treatment of various ailments like chronic rheumatism, regular conjunctivitis, psoriasis, and in some skin diseases was tested for its possible anticancer potential. METHODS： Cytotoxicity of the drug was tested by conducting 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay on both normal （peripheral blood mononuclear cells） and A375 cells. Fluorescence microscopic study of 4＇,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride-stained cells was conducted for DNA fragmentation assay, and changes in cellular morphology, if any, were also recorded. Lactate dehydrogenase activity assay was done to evaluate the percentages of apoptosis and necrosis. Reactive oxygen species （ROS） accumulation, if any, and expression study of apoptotic genes also were evaluated to pin-point the actual events of apoptosis. RESULTS： Results showed that PD administration caused a remarkable reduction in proliferation of A375 cells, without showing much cytotoxicity on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Generation of ROS and DNA damage, which made the cancer cells prone to apoptosis, were found to be enhanced in PD-treated cells. These results were duly supported by the analytical data on expression of different cellular and nuclear proteins, as for example, by down- regulation of Akt and Bcl-2, up-regulation of p53, Bax and caspase 3, and an increase in number of cell deaths by apoptosis in A375 cells. CONCLUSION： Overall results demonstrate anticancer potentials of PD on A375 cells through activation of caspase-mediated signaling and ROS generation.

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm with skin and bone marrow involvement: Report of three cases

BACKGROUND Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm(BPDCN)is a rare and highly aggressive hematopoietic malignancy.BPDCN is difficult to diagnose because of the overlap in morphologic and immunophenotypic features with various cutaneous lymphatic hematopoietic tumors.CASE SUMMARY We report on three BPDCN cases,all characterized by skin nodules and examined by histology,immunohistochemical detection,in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus,and follow-up.We also review the relevant literature.All patients were positive for CD56 and negative for Epstein-Barr encoded small RNA.Two patients had bone marrow involvement.Chemotherapy is the main treatment for BPDCN,but case 1 showed bone marrow suppression and case 2 developed recurrence after chemotherapy.Case 1 survived for 7 mo,case 2 for 17 mo,and case 3 for 9 mo.CONCLUSION An accurate pathological diagnosis is a precondition for treatment,and the diagnosis of BPDCN should be based on a combination of clinical symptoms,pathological characteristics,immunophenotype,and other auxiliary examinations.It is necessary to clarify the clinicopathological features and biological behavior of BPDCN to improve its understanding by both clinicians and pathologists.Case 2 survived significantly longer than the other two cases,suggesting that the treatment received by case 2 was more effective.

The Physical and Clinical Aspects of Radiation Therapy in Skin Cancer and Subcutaneous Tissue Neoplasm

Cancers, malignant melanoma and sarcomas of the skin represent the most common group of malignancies in humans. The main treatment method of almost all skin cancers and subcutaneous tissue tumours is surgery, which consists of complete removal of a neoplastic lesion, with an adequate margin of healthy tissue. Radiotherapy plays an adjuvant role in this process, meaning complementing of the surgical procedure. This study compared four methods of irradiation treatment of cancer located in the skin or in subcutaneous tissues: contact brachytherapy, conventional orthovoltage therapy, electron beam conformal teleradiotherapy and IMRT dynamically shaped photonic beams conformal teleradiotherapy. In order to compare the methods and techniques of surface radiotherapy, following specific objectives were formulated. At the beginning in order to compare the scopes of the absorbed doses at different tissue depths, an analysis of parameters describing particular beams or radiation source has been performed—the curves for the absorbed-dose depth drop-offs. Doses distribution in tissue-like phantoms stimulating homogeneous cuboidal tissue block has been determined. A quality comparison of dose distribution in 2D and 3D treatment planning system for contact brachytherapy application has been made. The dose distribution for electron beam in the system has been determined. Conformal plannings for electron beam treatment, contact brachytherapy applicator treatment and 4 photon beams treatment optimized in IMRT technology have been performed. Dose distribution has been performed for the irradiated female patient within the well chest—the target included the recurrence area in the post-operative scar. The radiation therapy with X-rays has actually been completely eliminated from skin cancer and subcutaneous tissue radiotherapy by the electrons generated in linear accelerators, contact brachytherapy HDR and by high-energy photons used in conformal techniques, ex. IMRT. It is because the residual dose beyond the target is the highest for single X-ray beam. Although in brachytherapy HDR a rapid dose drop-off is observed, 5 cm from its normalization level for the target the residual radiation remains at the level of several percent. So, both X-rays beam radiation and brachytherapy in skin cancer treatment is connected with the administration of the dose with a high gradient in the health tissues. The dose distribution for photon conformal techniques IMRT or for electron radiation looks different. There with the dose normalization at the level of 90% or 85% we deal with the dose layer, the division does not exceed 15% of heterogeneity.

母细胞性浆细胞样树突状细胞肿瘤临床和病理特征分析

目的:归纳并分析母细胞性浆细胞样树突状细胞肿瘤(BPDCN)的临床资料,为进一步认识该类疾病提供依据。方法:回顾性分析11例BPDCN患者的临床表现、免疫表型及病理特点、治疗与预后。结果:11例明确诊断BPDCN的患者中,男性8例、女性3例,中位年龄44(6-81)岁。临床主要以皮疹、包块等为首发症状,并伴有淋巴结、骨髓受累。肿瘤性母细胞性浆细胞样树突状细胞(pDC)表达HLA-DR、CD4、CD56、CD123,不表达cCD3、cMPO、cCD79a,部分病例可表达CD38、CD99、CD36。临床上手术切除、多次化疗失败的患者复发快,患者生存期短。首次化疗达到完全缓解的患者pDC细胞不表达CD56,且经骨髓移植后具有较长的生存期。结论:BPDCN免疫表型具有异质性,CD56是区分肿瘤性和正常pDC细胞的良好标志物;化疗缓解后进行造血干细胞移植的BPDCN患者预后较好。

COX-2、u-PA和TSP-1在胃癌及周围淋巴结中的表达及意义

目的:研究COX-2、u-PA和TSP-1在胃癌及周围淋巴结中的表达状况,探讨它们在胃癌浸润和淋巴结转移中的作用和意义。方法:用组织芯片技术和免疫组化法检测COX-2、u-PA和TSP-1的表达。结果:COX-2、u-PA和TSP-1在胃癌组阳性表达率分别为67.7%、78.1%和78.6%,均显著高于对照组(40.0%、6.7%和40.0%,P<0.05)。COX-2表达与浸润深度有关(P<0.05)。u-PA表达与浸润深度和淋巴结转移均有关(P<0.05)。TSP-1表达与浸润深度和淋巴结转移均无关(P>0.05)。COX-2、u-PA和TSP-1在转移淋巴结和对应癌组织间的表达差异无显著性(P>0.05)。COX-2和u-PA、TSP-1的表达呈正相关,u-PA和TSP-1的表达无相关关系。结论:胃癌中COX-2、u-PA和TSP-1高表达;COX-2表达与胃癌的浸润深度有关,u-PA表达与浸润深度和淋巴结转移有关。

EPAS1、VEGF在胰腺癌中表达及其相关性

目的研究胰腺癌组织中缺氧诱导因子2(EPAS1/HIF-2α)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和微血管密度(MVD)的表达及与临床病理特征之间的关系。方法应用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)、免疫印迹Western blot、免疫组化SP法检测60例胰腺癌及相应正常胰腺组织中EPAS1、VEGF mRNA和蛋白的表达和分布,同时检测MVD作为判断血管生成的指标,分析其间的相关性以及与肿瘤临床病理特征之间的关系。结果EPAS1、VEGF和MVD在胰腺癌组织中的表达明显高于正常胰腺组织,VEGF在mRNA和蛋白水平均增高(P<0.01),但EPAS1只在蛋白水平增高(P<0.01)。此外,三者之间的表达具有显著相关性(P<0.01)。EPAS1和VEGF的阳性表达与胰腺癌的TNM分期、肿瘤大小有关。结论胰腺癌组织中EPAS1和VEGF呈过量表达,且EPAS1的表达与VEGF及MVD呈显著正相关。EPAS1可通过上调VEGF表达来促进胰腺癌血管生成从而在胰腺癌的发生、发展中起重要作用。

肺癌组织中MTA1、VEGF-C表达水平与患者临床分期及预后的相关性

【目的】探讨肺癌组织中转移相关基因1(MTA1)、血管内皮生长因子C(VEGF-C)表达水平及其与患者临床分期及预后的相关性。【方法】回顾分析本院收治的85例肺癌患者的临床资料,收集患者的肺癌组织及癌旁组织,采用免疫组化法检测MTA1、VEGF-C阳性表达情况,采用PCR荧光定量法检测MTA1、VEGF-C表达水平,比较不同临床病理参数、预后结局患者的MTA1、VEGF-C阳性表达率。【结果】肺癌组织MTA1、VEGF-C阳性表达率及两者表达水平均高于癌旁组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同TNM分期、肿瘤直径及分化、淋巴结转移、脉管侵犯、预后情况患者的MTA1、VEGF-C阳性表达率及表达水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MTA1及VEGF-C阳性表达患者24个月累积无进展生存率分别低于两者阴性表达患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肺癌组织中MTA1、VEGF-C表达水平与肿瘤TNM分期、肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移、脉管侵犯、预后结局均呈正相关(P<0.05),与分化程度呈负相关(P<0.05)。【结论】MTA1、VEGF-C在肺癌组织内多呈阳性表达,其表达水平与肿瘤病理分期、肿瘤直径、预后等密切相关。

头颈部肿瘤患者放射性皮炎预防及管理的最佳证据总结

目的 系统检索、评价和总结头颈部肿瘤患者放射性皮炎预防及管理的最新最佳证据,为临床制定个性化的皮肤管理方案提供循证依据。方法 计算机检索各指南及专业协会网站、Cochrane图书馆、JBI循证护理数据库、PubMed、CINAHL、Web of Science Core Collection、Embase、中国知网、维普数据库、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库中所有关于头颈部肿瘤放射性皮炎预防及管理的文献,包括指南、专家共识、系统评价、最佳实践信息册等。检索时间为建库至2023年8月23日。结果 共纳入22篇文献,包括1篇指南、4篇专家共识、17篇系统评价或meta分析。从头颈部肿瘤患者放射性皮炎的发病率、危险因素、临床表现、评估监测、健康教育、日常护理、预防及治疗措施、感染控制、管理策略9个方面总结出43条证据。结论 头颈部肿瘤患者放射性皮炎预防及管理的最佳证据为医疗保健人员制定个性化皮肤管理方案提供循证依据,临床实践过程中需结合具体情境和患者个人意愿选择证据。

基质降解酶u-PA、PAI-1与人口腔鳞状细胞癌细胞侵袭转移的相关性研究

目的 探讨体外培养细胞系TSCCa和GNM细胞的u -PA及PAI - 1活性和表达与口腔鳞状细胞癌侵袭转移的关系。方法 采用酶联免疫反应法和免疫组化法测定了两细胞系中u -PA及PAI - 1的活性和表达 ,同时对GNM细胞在BALB/CA裸鼠皮下种植瘤组织的u -PA及PAI - 1抗原表达进行了测定。结果 两细胞系均能产生u -PA及PAI- 1,但u -PA在两细胞系中的表达不同 ,在GNM细胞u -PA为高表达 ,在TSCCa细胞中u -PA为低表达 ,PAI- 1在两细胞系中均为高表达 ;种植瘤组织中u -PA呈阳性～强阳性表达 ,PAI- 1为阴性表达。结论 u

膀胱移行细胞癌组织中HPA、VEGF基因的表达及其意义

【目的】研究膀胱移行细胞癌（BTCC）组织中乙酰肝素酶（HPA）及血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGFmRNA）的表达及其临床意义。【方法】应用RT—PCR技术检测62例BTCC组织中HPAmRNA及VEGF mRNA表达，并以12例正常膀胱组织作对照，分析HPAmRNA表达与肿瘤部分临床、病理学特征的关系，并分析HPA与VEGF表达的相关性。【结果】12例正常膀胱组织未发现HPAmRNA阳性表达，BTCC组织中HPAmRNA阳性表达率为58．06％（36／62）。其表达与肿瘤的病理分级、临床分期、淋巴结转移及复发明显相关。而且，HPA与VEGF二者的表达具有明显相关性（r=0．501，P〈0．01）。【结论]HPAmRNA阳性表达与BTCC侵袭转移密切相关，HPA在BTCC组织中过度表达可能通过释放VEGF促进肿瘤血管生成。

凋亡相关蛋白Livin及Caspase-3在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及临床意义

【目的】探讨凋亡相关蛋白Livin及Caspase-3在膀胱移形细胞癌(BTCC)中的表达及其临床意义。【方法】应用SP免疫组织化学法检测55例膀胱移行细胞癌及10例正常膀胱黏膜组织石蜡切片中Livin和Caspase-3表达的情况,结合临床资料进行分析,并探讨两者相关性。【结果】Livin在膀胱移形细胞癌标本中的表达阳性率为76.4%(42/55),而正常对照组中无一例呈阳性表达;Caspase-3在膀胱移行细胞癌标本中的表达阳性率为32.7%(18/55),与对照组阳性率90%(9/10)相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Livin的表达与膀胱移行细胞癌的初发和复发显著相关(P<0.05),但与组织学分级、临床病理分期、转移与否、肿瘤数目无关;Caspase-3的表达与膀胱移行细胞癌的初发复发、组织学分级、临床病理分期、转移与否、肿瘤数目均无关。相关性分析表明,膀胱移行细胞癌中的Livin表达与Caspase-3表达呈负相关。【结论】Livin蛋白与膀胱癌的发生和复发有关,可作为BTCC早期诊断和评判术后高复发风险的一项重要指标,且Livin的高表达和Caspase-3蛋白的低表达在膀胱移行细胞癌的发生发展起着重要作用。

母细胞性浆细胞样树突细胞肿瘤一例并文献复习

母细胞性浆细胞样树突细胞肿瘤恶性程度极高,多以皮肤为首发表现,皮损表现多样,易误诊漏诊,诊断需结合广泛的免疫表型和组织病理学特点,易复发,预后不良。我院诊治1例76岁老年男性患者,以头颈部暗紫色浸润性结节和肿块为首发表现。免疫表型和组织病理学特点符合母细胞性浆细胞样树突细胞肿瘤。

SOX2、CARM1在子宫内膜样腺癌Ⅰ期组织中的表达及其意义

【目的】探讨SOX2和CARM1在子宫内膜样腺癌Ⅰ期组织中的表达及其意义。【方法】收集2013年1月至2015年12月内蒙古医科大学附属医院妇科收治的因高中分化子宫内膜样腺癌行全子宫双附件切除术患者的癌组织病理石蜡标本(观察组)和因子宫肌瘤、子宫腺肌症等良性疾病行子宫全切术患者的增生期子宫内膜病理石蜡标本(对照组)。采用免疫组化SP法检测两组相关基因簇2(SOX2)蛋白和精氨酸甲基转移酶1(CARM1)蛋白表达水平并比较。【结果】观察组SOX2蛋白、CARM1蛋白阳性表达率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在子宫内膜样腺癌中,SOX2与CARM1蛋白阳性表达均与组织学分化有关(P<0.05);与患者年龄、FIGO分期以及CA125值无关(P>0.05)。SOX2蛋白与CARM1蛋白在子宫内膜样腺癌中的表达呈正相关(P=0.010)。【结论】高表达的SOX2蛋白与CARM1蛋白可能参与子宫内膜样腺癌的发病过程,二者协同促进子宫内膜样腺癌的发生与发展,在中分化组织中呈高表达状态,可能是导致子宫内膜样腺癌恶性行为的因素。

PAX8、ASAH1、Cullin7在脑胶质瘤患者癌组织与癌旁组织中的蛋白表达及与生存状况的相关性分析

【目的】探究配对盒基因8(PAX8)、酸性神经酰胺酶(ASAH1)、Cullin7在脑胶质瘤(GC)患者癌组织与癌旁组织中的蛋白表达情况及与生存状况的相关性。【方法】选取2014年1月至2017年7月本院收治的75例GC患者,均行手术切除,比较癌组织与癌旁组织中PAX8、ASAH1、Cullin7蛋白表达情况,分析三者表达之间相关性,并分析三者与临床病理特征的相关性。分析PAX8、ASAH1、Cullin7蛋白表达与患者3年生存率的相关性。【结果】癌组织中PAX8、ASAH1、Cullin7蛋白阳性表达率高于癌旁组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);PAX8蛋白与ASAH1蛋白呈正相关,ASAH1蛋白与Cullin7蛋白呈正相关,Cullin7蛋白与PAX8蛋白呈正相关(P<0.05);PAX8、ASAH1、Cullin7蛋白与GC患者病理类型、病理分级、分化程度、浸润深度、瘤周水肿显著相关(P<0.05);PAX8、ASAH1、Cullin7蛋白阳性表达与3年生存率呈负相关(P<0.05)。【结论】GC患者癌组织PAX8蛋白、ASAH1蛋白、Cullin7蛋白均呈阳性表达,并与生存状况存在负相关性。

乳房外Paget病免疫组化研究进展

乳房外Paget病是一种少见的皮肤上皮性肿瘤。采用免疫组化技术发现多种免疫表型在该肿瘤中表达,如:细胞角蛋白、黏蛋白、巨囊性病的液状蛋白、上皮膜抗原、癌胚抗原、人表皮生长因子受体2等。这些不同的免疫表型在探讨该肿瘤的组织来源、诊断、鉴别诊断、判断预后及指导治疗方面具有不同的价值。研究认为Toker细胞、乳腺样腺等亦可能为该肿瘤的来源;MUC1+/HER2+提示高侵袭性;根据免疫表型的差异更有助于"皮肤型"和"内胚层型"的诊断,以便于推测组织来源并判断预后。

骨肉瘤中u-PA、MMP-9表达的意义

目的 探讨骨肉瘤中尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(u PA)和基质金属蛋白酶9 (MMP 9)的表达与其复发、转移的关系。方法 采用免疫组织化学方法对46例骨肉瘤标本的u PA及MMP 9 表达进行检测,11 例骨软骨瘤作为对照。结果 u PA及MMP 9 在骨肉瘤中的阳性表达率分别为52.2 %和76.1%,骨肉瘤组织与骨软骨瘤组织间存在显著性升高(P<0.05);复发组与转移组的u PA表达有显著性升高(P<0.05);u PA、MMP 9的表达与骨肉瘤病理分级呈正相关,且u PA和MMP 9间表达呈正相关。结论 u PA和MMP 9共同促进骨肉瘤肿瘤细胞的生长和侵袭,有助于判断骨肉瘤预后。