Influences of Skin and Base Types on the Soothing Assessment of Cosmetic Products

In order to assess the responses of different skin types stimulated by tape stripping,after which two kinds of brand cosmetics of cream and hydrogel,were separately applied to evaluate the individual soothing effect of the product on different skin types.A total of 30 volunteers aged 18~65 years were recruited,which were divided into four groups(oily,dry,normal and combined)according to the self-oiling ability of facial and T zones.Four 3 cm×3 cm of skins on inner forearm of each volunteer were chosen and randomly marked as blank,negative control,soothing cream and soothing gel.The blank area was kept untreated,and the remaining areas were tape-stripped by 10 times(Transparent universal 1527C-1,3M China Co.,Ltd.,)to disrupt the skin corneum and induce erythema.Images,erythema index(EI)and transcutaneous water loss rate(TEWL)of the marked skin areas before and 5 min after tape-stripping were taken to assess the distinct responses of different skin type to the taping treatment;Ten minutes after tape-stripping,The soothing products were applied to the test area,the skin images,EI and TEWL at 20 min and 50 min(corresponding to 30 min and 60 min after tape-stripping,respectively)were measured after cosmetics application to compare and evaluate the soothing effects of cream and hydrogel on different skin types.Results showed that different skin displayed diverse reactions to the tape-stripping,and the oily skin was more sensitive with longer duration of erythema than other skin types.After the application of soothing products,both cream and hydrogel could relieve skin erythema,while the soothing effects are dependent both on skin types and the cosmetic base materials:Hydrogel has a better efficacy in alleviating erythema and TEWL of dry skin,while the cream was more effective on normal,oily and combined skin types.The results suggest that the modelling method for soothing evaluation should consider the skin types of the volunteers,and the cosmetics of different base materials might have the target skin types.

Validation of a Questionnaire to Diagnose the Baumann Skin Type in All Ethnicities and in Various Geographic Locations

The Baumann Skin Typing System diagnoses patients as having one of 16 skin types based on their answers to a validated questionnaire [i] known as the Baumann Skin Type Indicator [ii]. The BSTI questionnaire has been tested over the last decade on over 200,000 people of various ages and ethnicities in different geographic locations around the world. In this study, data were collected from 52,862 patients to compare skin type prevalence between those who presented to doctor’s offices and those who took the quiz without supervision online. The most common skin types varied only slightly between patients that took the quiz online and those that completed the questionnaire in their doctor’s office. This indicates that the prevalence of skin types seen in the doctor’s office is similar to that in the general population and that supervision is not necessary to get an accurate result on the BSTI. [iii] In addition, comparison of data gathered in China, Korea, and the US did not show a significant difference in skin type prevalence between Asian and Caucasian skin types. [iv] This study demonstrates that the English version of the BSTI is valid for English speaking patients online, and in doctors’ offices in the US, China and Korea.

FAILURE OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 2 TO SUBSTITUTE FOR DIMETHYL-BENZANTHRACENE IN TWO-STAGE SKIN CARCINOGENESIS

There are some Indications thtt herpes aimplex virus (HSV) may be mutagenic. Specific chromosomal changes have also been demonstrated In cultured cells infected with HSV. To further Investigate the mutagenic activity of HSV type 2 (HSV-2) we used mouse skin as a model system for cardnogenetls. Inoculation of the back skin of 4-week-old Sencar mke with live virus twice per week for one week or with Inactivated virus twice per week for two weeks was used to Initiate the mouse akin. After Initiation with HSV-2, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetale(TPA) was applied twice weekly for 50 weeks as a promoter. During a period of 52 weeks, no skin carcinoma was found In the experimental groups, whereas 55% of control mice treated with 9, 10-dlmethy1-1, 2- benzanthracene (DMBA ) and then with TPA-developed skin carcinoma. The results demonstrate that HSV-2 could not substitute for DMBA in this animal model of two-stage skin carcinogenesis.

In-depth examination of hyperproliferative healing in two breeds of Sus scrofa domesticus commonly used for research

Background:Wound healing can result in various outcomes,including hypertrophic scar(HTS).Pigs serve as models to study wound healing as their skin shares physi-ologic similarity with humans.Yorkshire(Yk)and Duroc(Dc)pigs have been used to mimic normal and abnormal wound healing,respectively.The reason behind this differential healing phenotype was explored here.Methods:Excisional wounds were made on Dc and Yk pigs and were sampled and imaged for 98 days.PCR arrays were used to determine differential gene expression.Vancouver Scar Scale(VSS)scores were given.Re-epithelialization was analyzed.H&E,Mason's trichrome,and immunostains were used to determine cellularity,col-lagen content,and blood vessel density,respectively.Results:Yk wounds heal to a“port wine”HTS,resembling scarring in Fitzpatrick skin types(FST)I-III.Dc wounds heal to a dyspigmented,non-pliable HTS,resembling scarring in FST IV-VI.Gene expression during wound healing was differentially regulated versus uninjured skin in 40/80 genes,15 of which differed between breeds.Yk scars had a higher VSS score at all time points.Yk and Dc wounds had equivalent re-epithelialization,collagen disorganization,and blood vessel density.Conclusions:Our findings demonstrate that Dc and Yk pigs can produce HTS.Wound creation and healing were consistent among breeds,and differences in gene expression were not sufficient to explain differences in resulting scar phenotype.Both pig breeds should be used in animal models to investigate novel therapeutics to provide insight into a treatment's effectiveness on various skin types.

Survey on skin aging status and related influential factors in Southeast China

Objective： To investigate cutaneous aging patterns of residents in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, and their contributing factors. Methods： Eight hundred and forty-eight Hangzhou residents received the survey between March 2004 and September 2004. Results： Facial wrinkling first occurred at 21 years of age and skin elasticity began to lose at 22 years of age. In middle-aged and old people, facial wrinkling and looseness escalated with the increase of ultraviolet （UV）-exposure time, indicating the accelerating effect of a higher accumulative dose of UV radiation on skin aging. Only Fitzpatrick types Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were found in the skin phototypes of residents in Hangzhou area, and Fitzpatrick type Ⅱ seemed to be much more subject to severe wrinkling, elasticity destruction and skin tumors than types Ⅲ and Ⅳ. The oily skin was more protected against wrinkling and facial looseness than dry skin. However, as to concomitant cutaneous diseases, no difference was found among different skin types. Conclusion： Age, solar-exposure time, Fitzpatrick type and skin type are the associated forces in promoting skin aging, and emotional factor seems to be another independent risk factor. The age of 49 years and 2 h/d of solar-exposure time seem to be the turning points responsible for dramatic changes of cutaneous appearance in the process of skin aging in Southeast China.

Correlation between Chinese Medicine Constitution and Skin Types: A Study on 187 Japanese Women

Objective:Chinese medicine(CM)is widely applied in cosmetics and dermatology.The theory of CM believes that skin characterizations reflect the internal status of balanee which can be represented by body con stitution,but relevant studies are few.This study aims to analyze the relation ship betwee n body constitution of CM and skin condition.Methods:Participants were recruited from a private health and beauty clinic in Tokyo,Japan from June 2013 to January 2015.Each participant was assessed using Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire(CCMQ)for body constitution and the Baumann Skin Type Questionnaire for skin type.Spearman's rank correlation and stepwise multiple linear regression were used to investigate the effect of body constitutions on skin types.Results:A total of 187 Japanese females were recruited in this study.Higher dampness-heat and phlegm-dampness scores were associated with oilier skin while higher qi-depression and blood-stasis were associated with drier skin.Higher score in Inherited Special and yin-deficiency constitutions tended to have more sensitive skin,and higher score in blood-stasis was associated with more pigmented skin and wrinkies.Conclusions:Our findings supported the"Constitution-Skin Correlated theory"in CM.Understanding of the association between skin conditions and the body constitutions might be helpful to explore more individualized treatment options for skin care and dermatological diseases through modifications of the unique body constitutions using CM modalities.