Coordinate registration algorithms for over-the-horizon radar

Different from the other conventional radars, the over the horizon radar （OTHR） faces complicated nonlinear coordinate transform due to electromagnetic wave propagation and reflection in ionospheres. A significant problem is the phenomenon of multi-path propagation. Considering it, the coordinate registration algorithms of planar measurement model and spherical measurement model are respectively derived in detail. Noticeably, a new transforming expression of apparent azimuth and an integrated form of transforming expressions from measurement vector to ground state vector in coordinate registration algorithm of spherical measurement model are proposed. And then simulations are made to verify the correctness of the proposed algorithms and expression. Besides this, the transforming error rate of slant range, Doppler and apparent azimuth of the two kinds of models are given respectively. Then the quantitative analysis of error rate is also given. It can be drawn a conclusion that the coordinate registration algorithms of planar measurement model and spherical measurement model are both correct.

Investigation of system structure and information processing mechanism for cognitive skywave over-the-horizon radar

Based on the cognitive radar concept and the basic connotation of cognitive skywave over-the-horizon radar（SWOTHR）, the system structure and information processingmechanism about cognitive SWOTHR are researched. Amongthem, the hybrid network system architecture which is thedistributed configuration combining with the centralized cognition and its soft/hardware framework with the sense-detectionintegration are proposed, and the information processing framebased on the lens principle and its information processing flowwith receive-transmit joint adaption are designed, which buildand parse the work law for cognition and its self feedback adjustment with the lens focus model and five stages informationprocessing sequence. After that, the system simulation andthe performance analysis and comparison are provided, whichinitially proves the rationality and advantages of the proposedideas. Finally, four important development ideas of futureSWOTHR toward ＂high frequency intelligence information processing system＂ are discussed, which are scene information fusion, dynamic reconfigurable system, hierarchical and modulardesign, and sustainable development. Then the conclusion thatthe cognitive SWOTHR can cause the performance improvement is gotten.

Compatible Design of the System to Detect Ships and Airplanes with a Ground Wave Over-the-horizon Radar

This paper provides a design method based on a time-shared form, which obtains the compatibility of signal and the system for detecting both ships and airplanes. Then, it gives the structure diagram of the system and the chart diagram of signal processing. Finally, the continuity problem of signal modulation for ship detection is discussed.

A System of Signal Detection and Estimation for Ground Wave Over-The-Horizon Radar

Ground wave over-the-horizon radar(GW-OTHR) can detect the OTH moving targets on sea or at low altitude. This paper discusses the background for detecting a target with GW-OTHR, introduces the theory and implementation of the signal detection and estimation system which has the parallel processing function, and gives some experimental results. The results of GW-OTHR experiments show that this system can successfully detect and estimate the above-mentioned targets.

Performance of Order-statistics Constant-false-alarm-rate Detector with Noncoherent Integration and Its Application to OTH Radar

Noncoherent integration is often ed for approving performance in detection of radar signal. Order-statistics constant false alarm rate (OS-CFAR) detector has some advantages in clutter and multiple target situations. AnOS-CFAN detector with noncoherent integration after Square law envelope detector is presented and an analysis of detection performance for the chi-Square family of Swerling fluctuating targets is given. Its application to the high frequency(HF) ground wave over-the-horizon (OTH) radar is discussed as well.

Use of piecewise polynomial phase modeling to compensate ionospheric phase contamination in skywave radar systems

Recognition and correction of ionospheric phase path contamination is a vital part of the global radar signal processing sequence. A number of model-based correction algorithms have been developed to deal with the radar performance degradation due to the ionospheric distortion and contamination. This paper addresses a novel parametric estimation and compensation method based on High-order Ambiguity Function (HAF) to solve the problem of phase path contamination of HF skywave radar signals. When signal-to-noise ratio and data sequence available satisfy the predefined conditions, the ionospheric phase path contamination may be modeled by a polynomial phase signal (PPS). As a new parametric tool for analyzing the PPS, HAF is introduced to estimate parameters of the polynomial-phase model and reconstruct the correction signal. Using the reconstructed correction signal, compensation can be performed before coherent integration so that the original echo spectrum can be restored. A piecewise scheme is proposed to track rapid variation of the phase contamination based on HAF method, and it can remove the Doppler spread effect caused by the ionosphere nonstationarity. Simulation and experimental results are given to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

天波超视距雷达非均匀采样信号频谱重构

受瞬态干扰影响和空海同时探测的需求,在长相参积累时间条件下,天波超视距雷达(over-the-horizon radar,OTHR)回波信号的有效采样点往往缺损且非均匀,严重影响目标检测性能。针对此问题,提出了一种基于压缩感知的OTHR频谱重构方法。首先,建立了OTHR频域信号的稀疏模型;然后,提出了快速自适应复近似消息传递(fast adaptive complex approximate message passing,FACAMP)频谱重构算法并给出了算法实现步骤;最后,利用FACAMP算法实现了OTHR频谱重构并分析了重构性能。与现有重构算法相比,FACAMP算法具有重构精度高、运算复杂度低、可自适应调整参数和保留背景噪声高斯性的优势。理论分析和仿真实验均验证了所提算法的有效性。

一种提高多基地天波雷达目标定位精度的方法

分析了引起多基地天波雷达目标定位误差的原因,对测距误差和定位模型误差两种影响定位精度的主要因素进行了仿真计算。比较发现,定位误差主要来源于多站定位模型,由定位模型中电离层虚高的假定条件与实际不符所引起。给出了减小模型误差,提高定位精度的方法。以某多基地天波雷达系统为对象,对修正后的定位模型进行了不同误差条件下的模拟测试,并利用系统对目标船的跟踪数据进行了验证。结果表明,模型改进后目标定位的精度得到了较大程度的提高。

高频雷达中射频干扰的RD图表现机理与建模仿真

射频干扰对于高频超视距雷达是一大威胁。本文研究射频干扰的距离-多普勒图表现机理和建模方法,分析了射频干扰频域特性与距离-多普勒图表现的关系,讨论了雷达信号处理中的射频干扰信号频谱变化。根据高斯白噪声通过线性滤波器的特性,设计滤波器响应函数来产生不同频谱和距离-多普勒图形态的射频干扰。基于以上研究,本文将射频干扰分为单频、窄带和宽带3类,归纳出射频干扰的距离-多普勒图表现机理,并提出了基于卷积的射频干扰新型建模方法。实测数据和仿真表明:本文对射频干扰距离-多普勒图表现机理分析合理,建模方法能很好地模拟多数实测干扰距离-多普勒图形态。

基于时频稀疏先验的天波超视距雷达瞬态干扰抑制算法

针对瞬态干扰严重影响天波超视距雷达(OTHR)目标检测性能的问题,提出了一种基于时频稀疏先验(TFSP)的瞬态干扰抑制算法。TFSP同时利用了瞬态干扰在慢时域的稀疏先验以及海杂波和目标在多普勒频域的稀疏先验构造目标函数,通过交替方向乘子法(ADMM)进行最优化以实现瞬态干扰抑制。不同于现有算法“干扰定位—剔除—数据恢复”的处理步骤,TFSP能够直接分离瞬态干扰分量并恢复无干扰频谱。最后,通过OTHR实测数据实验验证了TFSP在对海和对空模式下均能得到良好的瞬态干扰抑制结果,相比于多数现有方法,TFSP具有更高的输出信噪比(SNR)以及更高的运算效率,其输出SNR增加了3~5 dB,运算复杂度仅为线性对数阶。

基于探地雷达的悬挂式定点冰厚检测方法

河道结冰是我国北方地区冬季普遍发生的一种自然现象,给我国水利、水电、运输等工作带来了极大的影响,甚至会对财产和生命安全带来不可估量的损失,因此,对河道冰层厚度的监测就显得尤为重要。本文设计了悬挂式冰厚检测雷达设备并结合层位自动追踪技术,可以有效、快速、实时进行冰厚的连续检测,能够实时传输数据到云平台进行处理和显示,为冬季河道结冰、融化过程,以及冬春开河期冰塞、冰坝的治理提供基础数据。

基于毫米波雷达的高速公路全天候超视距车流量监测研究

随着城市化的加速、高速公路的普及和汽车数量的增加,高效的交通流量监测系统变得尤为关键。传统方法如地感线圈和视觉系统虽应用广泛,但其依赖于视线和良好的光照条件,限制了它们在复杂环境中的效能。毫米波雷达技术以其高频率的特性提供了较高的分辨率和穿透能力,适合在各种气候和光照条件下工作。文中介绍了一种基于毫米波雷达的高速公路全天候超视距车流量监测系统,该系统能有效提升交通管理的效率与安全性,并通过实例展示了其在实际应用中的成效和好处。

多普勒天气雷达站址视程的客观分析技术

开发了多普勒天气雷达候选站址视程的客观分析软件 .该软件根据候选站及其四周一定范围内的地理信息 ,十分快速地求算和自动绘制雷达单站的遮蔽角图、系列等射束高度图和多个雷达站 Mercator或 L ambert投影方式下的等射束高度拼图 。

高频地波OTH雷达二阶海杂波分析及模拟

由于具有良好的军事应用前景和诱人的民用潜力 ,高频地波超视距雷达越来越受到世界各国的高度重视。对于工作在短波波段的高频超视距雷达 ,有用目标的检测是在强大的海杂波背景下进行的 ,当海态充分发展时 ,其中二阶海杂波便成了目标检测的主要干扰背景。本文在对高频雷达二阶海杂波产生机理分析的基础上 ,重点讨论了二阶海杂波的模拟方法 ,从海杂波产生机理的角度实现了二阶海杂波的模拟 ,并与实测的海杂波频谱进行对比分析 。

基于改进时频分析方法的天波雷达机动目标检测算法研究

在天波超视距雷达(OTHR)中,基于时频分析技术的机动目标检测算法具有信噪比要求低和参数估计精度高等优点。但是传统的时频分析方法计算量大,难以满足实际工程应用需要。针对该问题,该文提出一种新的时频分析方法,该方法构造时间-频率变化率的联合域并沿时间轴进行积分实现机动目标的检测和参数估计。由于该算法积分路径的特殊性,可以避免使用Hough变换,进而减小算法计算量,使其满足实际工程需要。仿真结果表明,该算法在低信噪比(SNR)下检测效果好,运算量低,且具有更高的参数估计精度;此外,该算法对不同时刻的频率变化率成分进行了积累,有效抑制了多机动目标引起的交叉项,避免了虚假目标的出现。

超视距雷达探测高超声速飞行器可行性分析

在前期开展再入飞行器RCS(雷达散射截面)特性试验和理论研究的基础上,对典型临近空间高超声速飞行器RCS特性开展了研究,分析了绕流和尾迹对飞行器本体RCS特性的影响。研究表明等离子体流场在头身部绕流、近尾尾迹和部分远尾尾迹的最大电子密度将远高于电离层最高电子密度,更高于典型天波超视距雷达工作频段对应的临界电子密度。因而等离子体尾迹将会对3~30 MHz频段电磁波产生较强的散射,使得等离子体尾迹的RCS远远大于飞行器本体的RCS。利用临近空间高超声速飞行器尾迹RCS的这一特点,有可能实现对临近空间高超声速飞行器的超视距探测。

一种自适应天波超视距雷达航迹融合算法

针对天波超视距雷达在雷达坐标系下跟踪目标时,多路径传播效应下的各模式航迹起始与终结时刻不同而造成航迹缺失条件下的航迹融合问题,本文给出一种自适应天波超视距雷达航迹融合算法,通过应用当前时刻获得的新信息与历史时刻获得的信息联合确定最优关联假设,从而获得最优的目标状态估计.仿真表明,与多假设航迹融合算法相比,本文的算法大大降低了融合结果误差.

基于减法聚类的动态航迹聚类算法

针对天波超视距雷达"多路径"引起的航迹聚类问题,提出了一种基于减法聚类的自适应动态航迹聚类算法(ADC),定义了评价航迹聚类算法的两类指标。ADC算法在聚类的过程中,动态调整样本集的大小,在获得聚类中心后,根据最近邻法确定每个样本点的归属。仿真结果表明,ADC算法大大提高了航迹聚类的准确性。

天波超视距雷达机动目标检测方法

天波超视距雷达(over the horizonradar,OTHR)通过快速傅里叶变换(fastFouriertransform,FFT)实现长时间相干积累,但这种基于目标速度恒定的方法对于机动目标的效果并不好。提出了一种基于目标运动参数估计的OTHR机动目标检测方法。该方法首先确定机动目标的运动参数的大致范围,然后对其运动参数进行估计,之后对其径向加速度进行补偿,最后对经加速度补偿后的目标信号进行相干积累并在距离 多普勒平面上进行二维恒虚警检测。仿真结果表明,该方法能够增强OTHR对机动目标的检测能力,运算效率高,实用性强。

蒸发波导环境下雷达超视距性能评估方法

蒸发波导是海洋大气环境中一种常见的自然现象,受其影响,雷达常常出现如超视距探测等异常特征。该文主要针对如何准确评估蒸发波导环境下雷达的探测能力问题,利用电磁波传播的数值方程并结合雷达接收机理论,构建了雷达探测定量评估的模型和方法。将该方法应用于2003年08月在大连海域的试验数据的分析中,理论分析的结果与雷达实际探测吻合较好,验证了该方法的正确性和实用性。