The Clinical effect of the Acupuncture treatment on the Patients with Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome combined with Hypertension

Objective:To research the effect of conventional treatment(Gingko biloba extract(GBE)+continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)ventilation)combined with acupuncture on the changes of blood pressure,respiratory efficiency,oxidative index,and clinical effect in patients with OSAHS combined with hypertension.Method Selecting 80 patients with OSAHS combined with hypertension,then they were randomly divided into observation group(n=40)and control group(n=40).The patients in the control group were given conventional drug therapy(GBE)and rehabilitation and CPAP,and the observation group were given acupuncture on this basic,they were treated 14 days.The primary endpoints were the changes from baseline to day 14 in blood pressure;the secondary endpoints were changes from baseline to day 14 in the respiratory efficiency(PSG);the tertiary endpoints were changes from baseline to day 14 in the oxidative related substances(SOD,GSH-Px,ROS,and MDA).Results After 14-day treatment,the respiratory efficiency index were better than pretherapy(p<0.05),and the observation group were better than control group(p<0.05);the blood pressure were lower than pretherapy(p<0.05),and the observation group were lower than control group(p<0.05);the ROS and MDA were lower than pretherapy(p<0.05),and the observation group were lower than control group(p<0.05);the SOD,GSH-Px were higher than pretherapy(p<0.05),and the observation group were higher than control group(p<0.05);the clinical effect of hypotensive in the observation group were better control group(p<0.05).Conclusion 14-day treatment of conventional treatment combined with acupuncture can improve the imbalance of oxidation and antioxidation and blood pressure.

Forced Inspiratory Flow Volume Curve in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSA) is a disease of obstructive apnea or hypopnea caused by a repeated partial or complete collapse of the upper airway during sleep. The inspiratory part of the flow-volume curve (F-V curve) can be used as an auxiliary means to evaluate upper airway obstruction in adults. This study is to evaluate the ability of the F-V curve to predict the OSA and explore inspiratory indicators related to airway obstruction during sleep. Methods: There were 332 patients included in this cross-sectional study, who were accompanied by snoring, daytime sleepiness and other symptoms, with suspicion of OSA. According to the nocturnal polysomnography, the subjects were distributed into mild to moderate OSA group, severe OSA group and non-OSA group. A pulmonary function test was used to collect the subjects’ spirometry and F-V curves. Results: There was no significant difference in a variety of indices derived from the F-V curve between OSA and normal subjects, including 25% inspiratory flow rate, middle inspiratory flow rate, 75% inspiratory flow rate, peak flow rate, and forced inspiratory flow rate in the first second. The pulmonary function parameters were significantly correlated with the weight, age and sex of the subjects. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the inspiratory curve of pulmonary function cannot evaluate the upper airway abnormalities in patients with obstructive apnea-hypopnea syndrome.

Correlation between obstructive sleep apnea and central retinal vein occlusion

To investigate the possible correlation between obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) and central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO). Thirty consecutive patients with a recent(<3 mo)CRVO and an age-and sex-matched group of 30 control subjects were recruited. All subjects underwent full-night polysomnography to measure apnea-hypopnea index(AHI)and oxygen desaturation index(ODI). The average AHI and ODI were significantly higher in CRVO patients(AHI:13.86±8.63, ODI: 9.21±4.47) than in control subjects(AHI:8.51±6.36, ODI: 5.87±3.18;P=0.008 and 0.001 respectively).Additionally, the AHI was positively correlated with body mass index(BMI;r=0.476, P=0.017) and ODI(r=0.921,P<0.01) in both CRVO and control subjects. According to AHI scores, twenty-two(73.33%) CRVO patients had OSA and 12(40.00%) control subjects had OSA, a difference that was statistically significant(P=0.019). OSA may be a risk factor for or a trigger of CRVO development.

The Treatment Strategy of Patients with Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Our Department and Subsequent Course

It is known that acute or chronic heart failure can develop in patients with grave sleep apnea syndrome (SAS), and known to have the social problem including an accident and the decrease of the labor will. Several medical treatments are now available for SAS. We considered problems of the treatment based on the practice situation of our department about the present conditions and subsequent treatment. The subjects consisted of 306 patients. We measured Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and apnea hypopnea index (AHI) after polysomnography in all patients at the first time and 6 months later. So, it was found that AHI and ESS decreased when we could be treated in the SAS patients appropriately. It was confirmed that the choice of the appropriate regimen was important.

Relation between the Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and the Severity of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) may promote hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension (HTN). Purpose: To evaluate if there is a relationship between the severity of OSA and the severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and HTN in our patients, aiming to understand and optimize the control for comorbidities. Materials and Methods: Patients referred for polysomnography (PSG) were retrospectively recruited during the period from October 2017 to August 2020. A STOP-BANG questionnaire formed eight questions was used to assess the risk of OSAS. We divided the patients into two groups;group 1, who have snoring without T2DM, and group 2, who have snoring with T2DM. PSG was completed for all subjects and data were collected for each patient including apnoea hypopnea index (AHI), mean arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), and Nadir SaO2 recorded during PSG. Anthropometric data, medical history, and medications for T2DM (for group 2) and HTN and HbA1c were collected (for group 2). AHI was used to evaluate the severity of OSA and its relation to T2DM and HTN. Results: The study included 300 patients who met the inclusion criteria with mean age of 49.9 ± 13.6 years. The majority of subjects (56.3%) were males and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 38.0 ± 8.4 kg/m2. Forty-two percent had HTN and 32.7% had T2DM. OSA was diagnosed in 209 patients (69.7%). OSA was more detected among those with increased age, increased BMI, and those with HTN and T2DM. The severity of both HTN and T2DM was significantly higher among patients with OSA. Conclusions: There is a relation between OSA and T2DM and HTN. The risk of OSA is higher among patients with uncontrolled T2DM and HTN. OSA should be suspected in subjects with obesity, especially with uncontrolled HTN and T2DM.

RIT与AHI指数对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征评估作用的比较

目的:研究睡眠呼吸紊乱时间指数(respiratory impair time index,RIT)在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)患者病情评估中的作用。方法:对98例OSAHS患者的多导睡眠图(polysomnography,PSG)进行回顾性分析,将分别发生于快速眼动睡眠期(rapid eye movement stage,REM)和非快速眼动睡眠期(non-rapideyemovementstage,NREM)的呼吸暂停低通气指数(apneahypopneaindex,AHI)、RIT指数以及最低血氧饱和度进行对比分析和相关性分析,了解AHI和RIT与患者不同睡眠时相及缺氧严重程度之间的关系。结果:①重度患者RIT指数在NREM期(23.4±9.8)与REM期(28.3±9.2)具有显著差异,与患者最低血氧饱和度的变化相一致,而AHI指数在NREM期与REM期无统计学差异;②RIT与LSaO2的相关系数(r)为-0.67;AHI与LSaO2的相关系数(r)为-0.45,RIT与患者最低血氧饱和度更具相关性。结论:RIT随患者不同睡眠时相而变化。

老年冠心病并OSAHS患者AHI变化及对MACE发生风险的预警价值

目的分析老年冠心病(CHD)并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者呼吸暂停—低通气指数(AHI)变化及其对主要心血管不良事件(MACE)发生风险的预警价值。方法选取2018年3月—2019年10月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院老年医学中心收治老年CHD并OSAHS患者154例作为观察组,随访2年根据是否发生MACE分MACE亚组28例和无MACE亚组118例。另选取单纯老年CHD患者52例作为CHD组,单纯老年OSAHS患者52例作为OSAHS组。均采用12导动态心电图仪检测AHI,比较3组基线资料、AHI,Pearson相关系数分析AHI与血氧饱和度、T波峰末间期/QT间期(Tp-e/QT)相关性,Cox多因素回归模型分析老年CHD并OSAHS患者发生MACE的影响因素,受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析AHI预测MACE的价值。结果AHI水平比较,观察组>OSAHS组>CHD组(F/P=86.495/<0.001);MACE亚组患者喜肉食、饮酒、舒张压、收缩压、颈围、腹围、Tp-e/QT、AHI、二氧化碳分压高于无MACE亚组,血氧饱和度、血氧分压低于无MACE亚组[t(χ^(2))/P=6.915/0.032、4.419/0.036、2.000/0.048、2.668/0.009、2.269/0.025、2.256/0.026、2.743/0.007、3.449/0.001、2.749/0.007、3.141/0.002、2.821/0.006];Pearson相关分析显示,AHI与血氧饱和度呈中度负相关(r=-0.783,P<0.001),与Tp-e/QT呈中度正相关(r=0.734,P<0.001);Cox多因素回归模型显示,AHI是老年CHD并OSAHS患者发生MACE的危险因素[HR(95%CI)=4.233(2.306~7.769)];ROC结果显示,AHI预测MACE发生风险的AUC为0.853,敏感度为0.750,特异度为0.754,Youden指数为0.504。结论老年CHD并OSAHS患者AHI显著升高,是造成MACE发生的独立危险因素,具有较高预警价值。

AIP联合AHI对OSAHS患者并发冠心病的预测价值

目的分析血浆致动脉硬化指数(AIP)及呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者并发冠心病的相关性及预测价值。方法回顾性收集2018年1月—2023年1月在黄石市中心医院第一次行冠状动脉造影检查的OSAHS患者136例临床资料,按是否诊断冠心病将患者分为冠心病组59例和非冠心病组77例,比较2组AHI与AIP差异,采用Pearson相关性分析AHI与AIP相关性,Logistic回归分析OSAHS合并冠心病的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)进行预测价值分析。结果冠心病组OSAHS患者AHI、AIP均高于非冠心病组(t=7.393、4.314,P均<0.001)。AHI与AIP呈正相关(r=0.254,P=0.003)。病程长、BMI大、AHI高、AIP高是OSAHS并发冠心病的独立危险因素[OR(95%CI)=1.264(1.044~1.532)、1.577(1.174~2.119)、1.199(1.107~1.298)、3.165(1.039~5.312)],HDL-C升高为独立保护因素[OR(95%CI)=0.724(0.605~0.873)]。AHI、AIP及二者联合预测OSAHS的AUC分别为0.835、0.838、0.891,二项联合的AUC大于二者单独检测(Z=2.498、2.108,P=0.013、0.035)。结论高水平AIP及AHI是OSAHS患者合并冠心病的独立危险因素,两者联合可有效提高OSAHS患者合并冠心病的预测作用。

OSAHS伴高血压患者AHI、血氧变化与超声心动图、颈动脉功能参数的关系

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)合并高血压患者的呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、血氧饱和度指标与患者心脏重构、颈动脉功能参数变化的关系。方法采用前瞻性研究,选取2018年6月至2021年12月中山市中医院收治的OSAHS合并高血压患者100例作为研究组,单纯高血压患者100例作为对照组。比较两组患者的左心室收缩末期内径(LVDs)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVDd)、舒张末期左心室后壁厚度(LVPWdT)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、颈内动脉内径(AO)、颈总动脉扩张性(DC)、顺应性(CC)、内径变化幅度(Dis)、颈动脉内膜中膜厚度(IMT)、AHI、夜间平均血氧饱和度(MSaO_(2))、氧减饱和度事件累积时间比率(DCT)、夜间平均收缩压(nSBP)、夜间平均舒张压(nDBP);采用Pearson相关性分析法探讨AHI、MSaO_(2)与患者心脏重构指标、颈动脉超声指标的关系。结果研究组患者的LVDs、LVDd、LVPWT值为(39.64±2.50)、(53.84±3.70)、(13.73±1.94)mm,均高于对照组[(37.51±2.33)、(51.46±3.35)、(12.07±2.03)mm],LVEF值为(57.60±4.33)%,低于对照组[(59.27±5.07)%],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患者的AO、DC、CC、Dis、AHI、DCT值为(36.50±2.41)mm、(27.57±1.88)mm、(1.09±0.24)×10^(-1)/kPa、(364.80±34.10)mm^(2)/kPa、32.54±5.11、(0.24±0.07)%,均高于对照组[(34.83±2.16)mm、(26.24±2.15)mm、(0.96±0.27)×10^(-1)/kPa、(349.00±32.80)mm^(2)/kPa、3.04±0.96、(0.16±0.05)%],MSaO_(2)值为(95.64±1.24)%,低于对照组[(97.38±0.95)%],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者IMT、nSBP、dSBP值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组患者的AHI值与LVDs、LVDd、LVPWd呈正相关(P<0.05),MSaO_(2)与LVDs、LVDd、LVPWd呈负相关(P<0.05);研究组患者的AHI值与AO值呈正相关(P<0.05),MSaO_(2)与AO、CC值呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论OSAHS合并高血压患者较单纯的高血压患者心脏重构更加明显,颈动脉的弹性变差,患者的AHI及低氧水平在一定程度上与心脏重构、颈动脉弹性变差有一定关系。

2型糖尿病合并OSAHS患者AHI与同型半胱氨酸和肝酶的相关性

目的探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)与同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)之间的关系研究。方法选取住院T2DM患者216例,依据AHI分为A组单纯T2DM(AHI<5共49例);B1组T2DM合并轻、中度OSAHS(AHI 5~30共119例);B2组T2DM合并重度OSAHS(AHI>30共48例),分析AHI与Hcy、肝酶的关系。结果Hcy水平B2组高于B1组和A组,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);B1组较A组Hcy水平有升高趋势,但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。GGT水平B2组高于B1组,B1组高于A组,3组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ALT水平B2组高于B1组和A组,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);B1组较A组ALT水平有升高趋势,但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随AHI升高3组AST水平有升高趋势,但3组间两两比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。分别以Hcy、GGT、ALT、AST为因变量,行多元线性回归分析,结果显示AHI与T2DM合并OSAHS患者Hcy、GGT独立相关。结论OSAHS会致T2DM患者Hcy及肝酶水平升高,AHI是Hcy、GGT的独立危险因素,提示OSAHS增加T2DM患者心脑血管疾病风险及早期肝损伤,T2DM患者应重视OSAHS筛查和治疗并适时补充叶酸。

OSAHS患者术前体格情况、AHI指数及Mallampti分级关系的探讨

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)患者的体格情况、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(apnea-hypopnea index,AHI)及Mallampati分级的关系,为OSAHS患者临床麻醉气道困难预测及疾病严重程度评估提供参考。方法回顾性研究120例经睡眠呼吸监测中心多导睡眠监测诊断为重度OSAHS的男性成年患者,ASAⅡ～Ⅲ级,根据术前Mallampati分级分成4组(Ⅰ组即MallampatiⅠ级组,Ⅱ组即Mal-lampatiⅡ级组,Ⅲ组即MallampatiⅢ级组,Ⅳ组即MallampatiⅣ级组)。记录年龄、身高、体重(body weight,BW)、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)、术前最低血氧饱和度(the preoperative lowest oxygen saturation,LSAT-PREOP)、术前血红蛋白含量(hemoglobin,Hb)、AHI指数,并分析各指标与Mallampati分级的关系以及各指标与AHI指数的关系。结果Ⅰ组分别与Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组,以及Ⅱ与Ⅳ组组间进行比较:BW、BMI差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别与Ⅲ、Ⅳ组,以及Ⅲ与Ⅳ组组间进行比较:LSAT-PREOP、AHI指数差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患者BW、BMI、LSAT-PREOP、Hb、AHI指数与Mallampati分级有相关性(rs=0.371、0.346、-0.472、0.470、0.719)。患者BW、BMI、LSAT-PREOP与AHI指数具有相关性(r=0.411、0.423、-0.551)。结论OSAHS患者的BW、BMI、LSAT-PREOP、AHI指数与术前Mallampati分级具有相关性,可为临床评估困难气道情况提供参考。Mallampati分级、BW、BMI、LSAT-PREOP对于预测OSAHS严重程度有一定参考价值。

Validation of fatty liver index and hepatic steatosis index for screening of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome

Background:Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)is a contributing factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver di:(NAFLD).Non-invasive algorithms including fatty liver index(FLI)and hepatic steatosis index(HSI)have been used as a screening test for NAFLD in epidemiologic studies.The aim of this study is to compare the diagnostic accuracy of FLI and HSI for NAFLD detection in adults with OSAHS.Methods:We enrolled consecutive adult subjects who were newly diagnosed with OSAHS from March 2016 to January 2018.NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography.The accuracy and cut-off point of the FLI and HSI to detect NAFLD were assessed by analyzing the area under the receiver operating characteristic(AUROC)curve and the maximum Youden index analysis,respectively.Results:The 326 subjects were diagnosed as NAFLD according to ultrasound findings,while 105 subjects who had normal abdominal ultrasonography were grouped as controls.Both FLI and HSI values were significantly higher in patients with NAFLD compared with controls.The AUROC of FLI and HSI for predicting NAFLD was 0.802(95%confidence interval[CI]0.762-0.839)and 0.753(95%CI 0.710-0.793),respectively.The AUROC of FLI was significantly higher than that of HSI(P=0.0383).The optimal cut-off value of FLI and HSI was 60(sensitivity 66%and specificity 80%)and 35(sensitivity 81%and specificity 60%),respectively.Conclusions:Both FLI and HSI can serve as screening tools for NAFLD in OSAHS adults.The FLI shows better performance in diagnosing NAFLD than HSI.

Stroke and sleep-disordered breathing: A relationship under construction

The association between sleep-disordered breathing(SDB) and cardiovascular risk has been the focus of attention in recent years.Sleep disorders are emerging risk factors for cardiovascular disease and have been related to the whole spectrum of stroke,including transient ischemic attack,ischemic cerebral infarction and intracerebral haemorrhage.It has been shown that lacunar stroke or lacunar infarctions affecting the internal capsule or the protuberance are associated with a higher frequency of SDB.Acute stroke patients with associated SDB have a worse prognosis and a higher mortality as compared to patients with first-ever stroke without SDB.Preliminary studies provide evidence of the usefulness of treatment with continuous positive airway pressure when SDB is present in stroke patients.

Polysomnographic sleep aspects in liver cirrhosis: A case control study

AIM: To study sleep aspects and parameters in cirrhotic patients and assess the role of liver dysfunction severity in polysomnographic results. METHODS: This was a case-control study. Patients with a diagnosis of liver cirrhosis were consecutively enrolled in the study. Clinical examinations and laboratory liver tests were performed in all patients, and disease severity was assessed using the Child-Pugh score. The control group consisted of ageand gender-matched healthy volunteers. All individuals answered a questionnaire about habits, behaviors, and complaints related to sleep and were submitted to polysomnography. Sleep parameters were compared between the two groups, and separate analyses were performed among classesof Child-Pugh classification in the cirrhotic group. RESULTS: Forty-two cirrhotic patients and forty-two controls were enrolled. Compared to the control group, the cirrhotic group exhibited lower sleep efficiency (mean ± SD: 73.89% ± 14.99% vs 84.43% ± 8.55%, P < 0.01), increased latency (151.27 ± 93.24 min vs 90.62 ± 54.74 min, P < 0.01) and a lower percentage of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (14.04% ± 5.64% vs 20.71% ± 6.77%, P < 0.05) as well as a higher frequency of periodic limb movements (10.56 ± 2.85/h vs 2.79 ± 0.61/h, P < 0.01). The comparison of sleep parameters among Child A, B and C cirrhotic patients revealed a significant reduction of REM sleep stage occurrence in individuals with severe liver disease (Child C patients) compared to Child A/B patients (polysomnography percentage of REM sleep stage of patients Child A: 16.1% ± 1.2%; Child B: 14.9% ± 1.2%; Child C: 8.6% ± 1.6%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Cirrhosis was associated with shorter sleep time, reduced sleep efficiency, increased sleep latency, increased REM latency and reduced REM sleep. Additionally, disease severity influences sleep parameters.

Gender Differences in Rapid Eye Movement-Related Sleep Disordered Breathing

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It is known to be associated more frequently with men than women, particularly in the premenopausal age range. The goal of this study is to evaluate gender differences among Korean patients diagnosed with SBD. This study included 309 patients who visited our Sleep Clinic due to sleep-related symptoms and were diagnosed with SDB by overnight polysomnography (PSG). We analyzed age, gender, body mass index, various PSG indices including sleep stages, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and AHI ratio in rapid eye movement (REM) versus non-REM (NREM) sleep stages (R:N ratio). Of those 309 patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea, 217 (70.2%) were men (mean age 51.05 ± 12.64 years) and 92 (29.8%) were women (mean age 64.53 ± 10.43 years). The mean AHI during total sleep time was 30.34 ± 21.17 in men and 21.47 ± 17.14 in women (P P P = 0.402). REM SDB with R:N ratio higher than 2.0 was more frequently observed in women than in men, 34.8% (32/92) of women, compared with 11.9% (26/217) in men (P 60 years old. These findings suggest the possibility of different pathophysiologic mechanisms of SDB between genders and also between NREM versus REM sleep, which can be partly explained by the influence of female sex hormones.

老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者夜间呼吸暂停情况与认知障碍的关系

目的 探讨老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者夜间呼吸暂停情况与认知障碍的关系。方法 85例OSAHS老年患者根据蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)的评分结果分为正常组(n=52)和障碍组(n=33),比较2组患者的认知功能特征,通过多导睡眠监测记录2组患者夜间呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、微觉醒指数(RI)、睡眠效率(SE)、最低血氧饱和度(LSPO2)、平均血氧饱和度(MaSO2)、夜间呼吸暂停次数、平均呼吸暂停持续时间及最长呼吸暂停持续时间,测定患者治疗前的血清胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)、单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)及半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶(Caspase)-3含量;采用Pearson相关分析夜间呼吸暂停情况与血清指标的相关性、患者夜间呼吸暂停情况与认知功能障碍的相关性,采用多元线性回归模型分析患者发生认知障碍的危险因素。结果 障碍组在视空间与执行、命名、注意力、语言、抽象、延迟记忆和定向等认知功能特征的评分均低于正常组(P<0.05),年龄、病程、呼吸暂停次数、平均呼吸暂停持续时间、最长呼吸暂停持续时间、AHI、RI、MCP-1及Caspase-3水平高于正常组,SE、LSPO2、MaSO2、IGF-1低于正常组(P<0.05);患者夜间呼吸暂停次数和时长与IGF-1呈负相关,但与MCP-1、Caspase-3呈正相关(P<0.05),患者的MoCA评分与年龄、病程、AH、IRI、呼吸暂停次数、平均呼吸暂停持续时长、最长呼吸暂停时长以及MCP-1和Caspase-3水平呈负相关,和SE、LSPO2、MaSO2以及IGF-1水平为正相关性(P<0.05);夜间呼吸暂停次数、平均呼吸暂停持续时间及最长呼吸暂停持续时间是患者发生认知障碍的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 老年OSAHS患者夜间呼吸暂停次数和暂停时间均与认知障碍程度呈正相关,呼吸暂停会增加患者出现认知障碍的风险。

老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者血清白脂素和能量平衡相关蛋白表达水平与疾病严重程度的相关性

目的探讨老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者血清中白脂素和能量平衡相关蛋白水平与疾病严重程度的相关性。方法收集2021年8月~2023年8月在鄂州市中心医院收治的131例老年OSAS患者作为观察对象(OSAS组),根据睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)分为轻度组40例、中度组52例、重度组39例,同时选取同时段来我院健康门诊124名体检者作为对照组,采用酶联免疫吸附法测定OSAS患者血清中白脂素和能量平衡相关蛋白水平;Pearson法分析血清白脂素、能量平衡相关蛋白水平与AHI、氧减指数(ODI)和最低血氧饱和度(lowest oxygen saturation,LSaO_(2))的相关性;受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清白脂素、能量平衡相关蛋白水平对OSAS及对OSAS患者病情严重程度的诊断价值。结果与对照组比较,OSAS组白脂素水平显著升高,能量平衡相关蛋白水平显著降低(P<0.05)。轻度组、中度组和重度组在性别、年龄、冠心病、高血压、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C参数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与轻度组比较,中度组和重度组BMI、AHI、ODI、白脂素水平显著升高,LSaO_(2)、能量平衡相关蛋白水平显著降低(P<0.05);与中度组比较,重度组BMI、AHI、ODI、白脂素水平显著升高,LSaO_(2)、能量平衡相关蛋白水平显著降低(P<0.05)。OSAS患者血清中白脂素水平与AHI、ODI呈正相关,与LSaO_(2)呈负相关(P<0.05);能量平衡相关蛋白水平与AHI、ODI呈负相关,与LSaO_(2)呈正相关(P<0.05)。血清白脂素,能量平衡相关蛋白水平与两者联合诊断中、重度OSAS的AUC分别为0.832、0.882、0.942,联合诊断价值优于单独诊断(Z=3.435、2.560,P=0.001、0.011)。血清白脂素,能量平衡相关蛋白水平与联合诊断OSAS的AUC分别为0.818、0.804、0.893,联合诊断价值优于单独诊断(Z=3.886、4.126,P=0.000、0.000)。结论OSAS患者血清中白脂素水平升高,能量平衡相关蛋白水平降低,两者与疾病严重程度密切相关,可能在临床上用于OSAS的辅助诊断及OSAS病情严重程度的辅助评估。

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并脑梗死的中医证候分型与睡眠监测指标的相关性研究

目的:探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)合并脑梗死的中医证候分型与睡眠监测指标的相关性。方法:回顾性选取2021年1月~2023年10月江苏省中医院收治的OSAHS合并脑梗死患者140例为研究对象。统计患者中医证型分布,比较不同中医证型患者睡眠监测指标差异。结果:140例OSAHS合并脑梗死患者中医证型构成比由高到低分别为痰淤阻络证35例、风痰阻络证32例、气虚血瘀证28例、阴虚风动证26例、痰热腑实证19例;OSAHS合并脑梗死患者美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)为阴虚风动证>气虚血瘀证>痰热腑实证>风痰阻络证>痰淤阻络证(P<0.05);OSAHS合并脑梗死患者平均血氧饱和度(MSaO_(2))、夜间最低血氧饱和度(LSaO_(2))、SaO_(2)<90%时间占总睡眠时间比(TS90%)为风痰阻络证>痰热腑实证>阴虚风动证>痰淤阻络证>气虚血瘀证,呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、自发微觉醒、呼吸暂停最长时间为气虚血瘀证>风痰阻络证>阴虚风动证>痰淤阻络证>痰热腑实证,睡眠潜伏期(SL)、快速动眼睡眠潜伏期(REM-SL)为痰热腑实证>阴虚风动证>气虚血瘀证>痰淤阻络证>风痰阻络证,总睡眠时间(TST)、快速动眼期(REM)占比、睡眠效率(SE)为风痰阻络证>痰淤阻络证>气虚血瘀证>阴虚风动证>痰热腑实证(P<0.05)。结论:OSAHS合并脑梗死的中医证候分型与睡眠监测指标具有良好的相关性,可以为患者睡眠障碍辨证施治提供参考。

贺氏管针治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的临床效果分析

目的:研究贺氏管针治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的临床效果。方法:选取2020年12月—2022年12月北京市鼓楼中医医院收治的60例阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为常规组和针刺组,各30例。常规组采用常规治疗,针刺组在常规治疗基础上加用贺氏管针治疗。比较两组临床疗效、中医证候积分、嗜睡评分、呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、夜间最低脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))以及不良反应情况。结果:针刺组治疗总有效率高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后针刺组中医证候积分、嗜睡评分、AHI低于常规组,最低脉搏SpO_(2)高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征采用贺氏管针治疗能够有效提高治疗效果,患者症状显著改善,夜间最低氧饱和度提高。

呼吸事件持续时间在成年人阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停夜间低氧血症中的意义

背景阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)患病率逐年升高,但目前OSA普遍使用呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)>5次/h的诊断标准对疾病的诊断、评估病情的严重程度、治疗效果以及远期并发症的预测中逐渐暴露出弊端,本研究提出评估OSA的参数除了AHI外,还需纳入更多关于呼吸暂停低通气时间的信息。目的探讨呼吸事件持续时间在成年人阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停夜间低氧血症中的意义。方法选取2021年10月—2022年3月就诊于山西医科大学第一医院睡眠监测室疑诊为OSA的患者296例作为研究对象。在进行多导睡眠监测(PSG)前,受试者均接受了身高、体质量、颈围等方面的体格检查,并详细询问了其睡眠史以及高血压及糖尿病史等信息。根据AHI将受试者分为3组:5次/h≤AHI<15次/h为轻度OSA组(56例),15次/h≤AHI<30次/h为中度OSA组(62例),AHI≥30次/h为重度OSA组(178例)。比较3组血氧指标[最低血氧饱和度(LSpO_(2))、平均血氧饱和度(MSpO_(2))、基线血氧饱和度(BSpO_(2))、氧减指数(ODI)及血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))<90%的时间占整夜总睡眠时间的百分比(T90)]和呼吸事件持续时间参数[平均呼吸暂停持续时间(MTAD)、平均呼吸低通气持续时间(MHD)、平均呼吸暂停-低通气持续时间(MAD)、总呼吸暂停时间最长值(LTAD)、最长低通气时间(LHD)、最长呼吸暂停-低通气持续时间(LAD)、总呼吸暂停-低通气持续时间(TAD)、AHI、呼吸暂停-低通气持续时间占总睡眠时间百分比(AHT%)]的差异,采用Spearman秩相关分析探讨呼吸事件持续时间参数与血氧指标的相关性。根据TAD和AHT%的中位数(分别为69.78 min和14.33%),将OSA患者分为短事件组(短TAD亚组、短AHT%亚组,各74例)和长事件组(长TAD亚组、长AHT%亚组,各222例),并进一步分析各组TAD、AHT%和AHI与血氧指标的相关性。结果轻、中、重度OSA组患者性别、年龄、BMI、颈围、日间嗜睡、高血压史、糖尿病史比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。重度OSA组患者ODI、T90均高于轻、中度OSA组,LSpO_(2)、MSpO_(2)低于轻、中度OSA组(P<0.05);中度OSA组LSpO_(2)低于轻度OSA组,ODI、T90高于轻度OSA组(P<0.05)。重度OSA组MTAD、LTAD、TAD、AHT%均高于轻、中度OSA组,MHD低于轻、中度OSA组(P<0.05);重度OSA组LHD低于中度OSA组,LAD高于轻度OSA组;中度OSA组MTAD、LTAD、TAD、AHT%高于低度OSA组(P<0.05)。散点图及loess拟合曲线结果显示,MTAD、MHD、MAD、LTAD、LHD、LAD数值均随着AHI先增大,后减小;TAD、AHT%随着AHI的增大而延长。Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,OSA患者AHI、MTAD、LTAD、TAD、AHT%与LSpO_(2)、MSpO_(2)呈负相关,与ODI、T90呈正相关(P<0.05);MHD、LHD与LSpO_(2)、MSpO_(2)呈正相关,与ODI、T90呈负相关(P<0.05);MAD与ODI呈负相关(P<0.05);LAD与LSpO_(2)呈负相关(P<0.05)。进一步分组Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,短TAD亚组、短AHT%亚组、长TAD亚组、长AHT%亚组中TAD、AHT%、AHI与LSpO_(2)均呈负相关,与ODI均呈正相关(P<0.05),与BSpO_(2)无相关性(P>0.05);长事件组中TAD、AHT%、AHI与MSpO_(2)均呈负相关,与T90均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论呼吸事件持续时间在评价OSA患者的夜间低氧血症中发挥着重要作用,可以作为现有诊断及评价指标AHI的补充,并且TAD、AHT%等指标在某些情况下甚至比AHI更具有代表性。AHI、LSpO_(2)联合呼吸事件持续时间能更客观地评估OSA患者病情严重程度。