Association between Serum Homocysteine and Oxidative Stress in Elderly Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea/hypopnea Syndrome

Objective Elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS） has a higher risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. However, changes of homocysteine （Hey） as markers of cardiovascular and eerebrovascular disease associated with OSAHS and their mechanism have not been elucidated so far. This study aims to investigate the changes of both serum Hcy and oxidative stress and their possible links with OSAHS in elderly patients. Methods Based on polysomnogram （PSG） and age, 83 patients with OSAHS were recruited and divided into elderly-OSAHS （n=32） and non-elderly OSAHS groups （n=51）. Fifty two subjects without OSAHS were divided into elderly control （n=29） and non-elderly control groups （n-23）. A total of 135 subjects were included in the present study. All subjects were recorded for PSG variables and the contents of homocysteine （Hcy）, malonaldehyde （MDA）, and glutathione （GSH） which were detected after sleep. Serum homocysteine was measured by cyclophorase. MDA and GSH were measured by speetrophotometer. Results （1） The serum levels of Hcy showed significant difference among the four groups （P〈0.05）. The concentrations of Hcy in elderly OSAHS patients were higher than in other groups, while those in the elderly control group were higher than in the non-elderly control; the concentrations in the non-elderly OSAHS group were higher than in the non-elderly control. （2） The concentrations of MDA and GSH changed at an equal pace with Hcy in the four groups. （3） Multielement linearity regression analysis indicated a statistically significant relationship between Hcy concentration and age, MDA, GSH, and apnea hypopnea index （AHI）. Conclusions （1） The concentrations of Hcy and oxidative stress have increased with advancing age. （2） The concentrations of Hcy and oxidative stress have further increased in the elderly patients with OSAHS. （3） Oxidative stress might cause high-level serum Hcy in the elderly patients with OSAHS.

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Effectively Alleviates Arrhythmias in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea:Possible Relationship with Counteracting Oxidative Stress

This work is aimed at exploring the clinical efficacy of continuous positive airway pressuie(CPAP)in treatment of patients with arrhythmias combined with obstructive sleep apnea(OSA).Through evaluating serum native thiol,malonaldehyde(MDA)and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase(NADPH oxidase)in these patients and describing the effects on oxidative parameters of CPAP therapy for 3 months,we confirmed the impact of oxidative stress on arrhythmias.A total of 64 patients with OSA combined with arrhythmias were collected from April 2014 to April 2017 with full clinical information.Patients were divided into two groups(paired experiment design):32 patients in group A(control group),who received unchanged anti-arrhythmia treatment and 32 patients in group B,who were subjected to unchanged pharmacological anti-arrhythmia therapy combined with CPAP.OSA related parameters were compared between the two groups after 3-month therapy.And the levels of parameters of oxidative stress in patients were measured before and after CPAP therapy.After 3 months of CPAP therapy,compared with the control group,the percentage of sage N3(NREM 3)and stage R(REM)in total sleep time was significantly increased,while apnea-hypopnea index(AHI)and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale(ESS)score were evidently decreased.Meanwhile,the lowest oxygen saturation(LSpCh)was also elevated after CPAP treatment for 3 months.The CPAP therapy significantly prevented the occurrence of arrhythmias(P<0.05).Both the MDA level and NADPH oxidase levels were significantly lower in the group B than in the group A(P<0.05).But serum native thiol was improved by CPAP treatment(P<0.05).In conclusion,proper use of CPAP therapy provides significant benefits for the treatment of arrhythmia in patients with OSA.

Prognostic predictors on the efficacy of oral appliance therapy for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify independent prognostic predictors of the efficacy of oral appliance (OA) therapy for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Materials and methods: The subjects consisted of 89 patients (77 males and 12 females) in whom OSAS had been treated with an OA. The mean age of the subjects was 52.4 years (range: 20 to 78 years) and mean body mass index (BMI) was 23.9 kg/m2 (range: 17.3 to 32.2 kg/m2). Lateral cephalograms were taken and 15 angle, 15 distance and 5 area measurements were calculated by means of a computerized program. Overnight polysomnography (PSG) was performed before treatment and several months after titration of OA therapy. OA therapy was considered effective if the apnea-hypopnea index several months after titration was under 15 events/h and was reduced to at least 50% of that before treatment. The examined data such as patient age, sex, BMI, data from cephalometric analyses, Epworth sleepiness scale, and data for pretreatment PSG were analyzed statistically, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to clarify predictive variables for treatment outcome. Results: LFH (OR = 0.350;p = 0.035) and McN-A (OR = 0.276;p = 0.057) were selected as independent predictors from the explanatory variables. The predictive accuracy of the calculated logistic regression model was 74.2%. Conclusion: This results show that OA therapy for OSAS is more effective in patients with large anteroposterior diameter of the maxilla and large lower facial height.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Ssyndrome and Hearing in Children

Objective To explore the relationship between hypoxemia and hearing in children with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. Methods Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were recorded in 68 ears and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in 60 ears in children with OSAHS and type "A" tym-panograms, and in 30 ears in normal children. Results ABR latencies of waves I, III and V, and I-III, III-V and I-V intervals were not statistically different between OSAHS and normal children. Wave I latency was delayed in children with OSAHS compared to normal children3 (P < 0.05). DPOAE amplitudes in children with mild OSAHS were lower than normal children at 8 kHz (P < 0.05). DPOAEs were lower at 6 kHz and 8 kHz in children with moderate/severe OSAHS than normal children (P < 0.05). Conclusion Cochlear function was affected when AHI was at or greater than 10/hour. ABR and DPOAE can be used to detect early changes in auditory function in children with OSAHS.

Changes in insomnia severity with advanced PAP therapy in patients with posttraumatic stress symptoms and comorbid sleep apnea:A retrospective,nonrandomized controlled study

Background:Sleep disorders frequently occur in posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)patients.Chronic insomnia is a common feature of and criteria for the diagnosis of PTSD.Another sleep disorder,obstructive sleep apnea(OSA),also occurs frequently in PTSD,and emerging research indicates OSA fuels chronic insomnia.Scant research has investigated the impact of OSA treatment on insomnia outcomes(Insomnia Severity Index,ISI)in trauma survivors.Methods:OSA patients with moderately severe posttraumatic stress symptoms were studied in a retrospective chart review.Ninety-six patients who failed CPAP therapy due to expiratory pressure intolerance or complex sleep apnea or both underwent manual titration with advanced PAP modes[autobilevel(ABPAP);adaptive servo-ventilation(ASV)],which were subsequently prescribed.PAP use measured by objective data downloads divided the sample into three groups:compliant regular users(C-RU):n=68;subthreshold users(SC-RU):n=12;and noncompliant users(NC-MU):n=16.The average follow-up was 11.89±12.22 months.Baseline and posttreatment ISI scores were analyzed to assess residual insomnia symptoms as well as cure rates.Results:The C-RU group showed significant improvements in insomnia with very large effects compared to those in the NC-MU reference group(P=0.019).Insomnia severity significantly decreased in all three groups with large effects(C-RU,P=0.001;SC-RU,P=0.027;NC-MU,P=0.007).Hours of weekly PAP use and insomnia severity were inversely correlated(P=0.001,r=–0.321).However,residual insomnia symptoms based on established ISI cut-offs were quite common,even among the C-RU group.Post hoc analysis showed that several categories of sedating medications reported at baseline(hypnotics,anti-epileptic,opiates)as well as actual use of any sedating medication(prescription or nonprescription)were associated with smaller insomnia improvements than those in patients not using any sedating agents.Conclusions:In a retrospective,nonrandomized analysis of a select sample of sleep clinic patients with OSA and PTSD symptoms,advanced PAP therapy was associated with significant improvement in insomnia severity for both compliant and partial users.However,residual insomnia symptoms persisted,indicating that PAP therapy provides only limited treatment.RCTs are warranted to assess the effect of ABPAP and ASV modes of therapy on adherence and sleep outcomes,and their potential impact on posttraumatic stress symptoms.Treatment arms that combine PAP with CBT-I would be expected to yield the greatest potency.

区域神经阻滞联合全身麻醉对胫腓骨骨折手术患者应激反应、认知功能及睡眠质量的影响

目的:研究区域神经阻滞联合全身麻醉对胫腓骨骨折手术患者应激反应、认知功能及睡眠质量的影响。方法:选取2020年1月至2022年9月在郑州大学第一附属医院行切开复位内固定术的胫腓骨骨折患者104例,根据麻醉方式分为观察组(区域神经阻滞联合全身麻醉,64例)和对照组(全身麻醉,40例)。比较2组患者麻醉诱导前、手术切皮时、手术30 min、手术结束时、术后30 min应激反应指标[血清白介素-6(IL-6)、皮质醇(COR)水平],记录苏醒时间,拔管时间,拔管后VAS评分、镇静Ramsay评分,并于术前1 d、术后1 d和3 d评价患者认知功能(MMSE评分)及睡眠质量(PSQI评分)。结果:与对照组比较,观察组血清IL-6、COR水平波动更小(P<0.001)。观察组苏醒时间[(7.11±1.55)min vs(12.28±1.83)min]、拔管时间[(11.09±1.26)d vs(17.43±2.02)d]均短于对照组,且拔管后VAS评分[(1.92±0.70)分vs(3.95±0.71)分]低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组拔管后镇静Ramsay评分差异无统计学意义(P=0.100)。观察组术后MMSE评分、PSQI评分较对照组有更大改善(P<0.001)。结论:区域神经阻滞联合全身麻醉能够减少胫腓骨骨折手术患者应激反应,不损伤术后认知功能,保障术后睡眠质量。

益气活血祛痰方治疗支气管哮喘合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征气虚痰瘀证的研究

目的评价益气活血祛痰方联合西医治疗慢性持续期支气管哮喘合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征气虚痰瘀证患者的临床疗效。方法选择2016年1月—2021年6月于泰州市第四人民医院就诊的80例慢性持续期支气管哮喘合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征气虚痰瘀证患者,根据随机数字表分成对照组及观察组各40例,对照组给予常规治疗及持续气道正压通气,观察组在对照组治疗基础上给予益气活血祛痰方水煎液口服,2组均持续干预3个月。观察2组患者治疗前后中医证候积分(包括气喘、咳嗽、咳痰、打鼾、憋醒、日间嗜睡、倦怠乏力)、哮喘控制测试问卷(ACT)评分、圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)评分、Epworth嗜睡量表(ESS)评分、匹兹堡睡眠指数(PSQI)评分、肺功能指标[呼气峰值流速(PEF)、第一秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV_(1)%预计值)、第一秒用力呼气容积与用力肺活量比值(FEV_(1)/FVC)]、多导睡眠图参数[呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、快速眼动睡眠期(REM)、氧减指数(ODI)、动脉血氧饱和度(SaO_(2))、最低SaO_(2)、觉醒指数]、炎症相关指标[血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平和呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)水平]变化,统计2组总体治疗效果及不良反应发生情况。结果2组治疗后中医证候积分、SGRQ评分、ESS评分、PSQI评分、AHI、ODI、觉醒指数及血清CRP、IL-6、TNF-α、VEGF水平和FeNO水平均较治疗前明显降低(P均<0.05),且观察组上述各项指标均明显低于对照组(P均<0.05);2组治疗后ACT评分、PEF、FEV_(1)%预计值、FEV_(1)/FVC、REM、SaO_(2)、最低SaO_(2)均较治疗前明显升高(P均<0.05),且观察组上述各项指标均明显高于对照组(P均<0.05)。观察组治疗3个月后的总有效率明显高于对照组[92.5%(37/40)比82.5%(33/40),P<0.05],治疗期间不良反应发生率明显低于对照组[10.0%(4/40)比27.5%(11/40),P<0.05]。结论益气活血祛痰方联合西医治疗支气管哮喘合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征气虚痰瘀证患者的效果优于单纯西医治疗,在减轻患者临床症状,控制哮喘发作,改善肺功能和睡眠质量方面具有明显优势,其作用机制可能与抑制炎症反应相关。

正念减压结合个体化护理在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者中的应用效果

目的:分析正念减压和个体化护理联合用于阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的价值。方法:选取2021年9月至2023年8月福建厦门大学附属第一医院肺科收治的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者64例作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组32例。观察组采取正念减压和个体化护理,对照组行常规护理,对比满意度等指标。结果:关于FFMQ评分:干预结束时,观察组的数据比对照组高(P<0.05)。总有效率:观察组达到了96.87%,高于对照组的81.25%(P<0.05)。满意度:观察组为100.0%,高于对照组的81.25%(P<0.05)。结论:阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征联用正念减压和个体化护理,患者的满意度更高,正性情绪改善更加明显,护理效果提升更为迅速。

髂筋膜阻滞联合椎管内麻醉对行股骨颈骨折外科手术患者的临床研究

目的:观察髂筋膜阻滞联合椎管内麻醉对行股骨颈骨折(FNF)外科手术患者的临床效果。方法:选取2022年2月—2023年10月于松滋市人民医院行FNF外科手术的101例患者作为研究对象,采用信封法随机分为对照组(50例)和观察组(51例)。对照组采用椎管内麻醉,观察组采用髂筋膜阻滞+椎管内麻醉。比较两组手术情况、术后恢复情况、视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、应激指标、简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)评分、匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评分及并发症总发生率。结果:两组手术时间及术中出血量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组静脉镇痛泵24 h用药量、拔管时间以及术后首次下床时间低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。麻醉前两组患者VAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后6 h、术后24 h观察组VAS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。麻醉前两组去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E)、皮质醇(Cor)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);拔管后观察组三项应激指标低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。麻醉前两组MMSE评分及PSQI评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后24 h观察组MMSE评分高于对照组,PSQI评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组嗜睡、头晕、尿潴留、感染并发症总发生率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:髂筋膜阻滞联合椎管内麻醉用于FNF外科手术患者可增强镇痛效果,抑制应激反应,减小对患者认知功能、睡眠质量的影响,降低不良反应发生率。

Hypothalamic circuits and aging:keeping the circadian clock updated

Over the past century,age-related diseases,such as cancer,type-2 diabetes,obesity,and mental illness,have shown a significant increase,negatively impacting overall quality of life.Studies on aged animal models have unveiled a progressive discoordination at multiple regulatory levels,including transcriptional,translational,and post-translational processes,resulting from cellular stress and circadian derangements.The circadian clock emerges as a key regulator,sustaining physiological homeostasis and promoting healthy aging through timely molecular coordination of pivotal cellular processes,such as stem-cell function,cellular stress responses,and inter-tissue communication,which become disrupted during aging.Given the crucial role of hypothalamic circuits in regulating organismal physiology,metabolic control,sleep homeostasis,and circadian rhythms,and their dependence on these processes,strategies aimed at enhancing hypothalamic and circadian function,including pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches,offer systemic benefits for healthy aging.Intranasal brain-directed drug administration represents a promising avenue for effectively targeting specific brain regions,like the hypothalamus,while reducing side effects associated with systemic drug delivery,thereby presenting new therapeutic possibilities for diverse age-related conditions.

炎症细胞因子与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的相互作用研究进展

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)是一种常见的睡眠相关呼吸系统疾病。慢性间歇性缺氧可以导致机体的炎症反应,激活各种炎症通路,加重OSA。炎症细胞因子是一类细胞信号分子,它通过自分泌、旁分泌和内分泌等方式进行信息传递。OSA和全身炎症以及炎症细胞因子之间联系密切,肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素(IL)-33、IL-17、IL-10、IL-1β、IL-6和IL-8等炎症细胞因子被证实参与了OSA的发病过程,并促进炎症通路的再激活。该文对炎症细胞因子与OSA发生、发展的研究进展作一综述。

分析情感支持联合心理干预对急诊留观患者睡眠质量的影响

目的:分析情感支持联合心理干预对急诊留观患者睡眠质量的影响。方法:选取2023年1月至12月福建省立医院南院收治的急诊留观患者72例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组36例。对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组给予情感支持联合心理干预。采用心理应激反应问卷(SRQ)评估2组患者干预前后应激反应的改善情况,比较2组患者入睡用时、睡眠时长、夜间惊醒次数的改善效果,并比较2组患者的护理满意度。结果:干预后,观察组心理应激反应SRQ量表评分均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);干预后,观察组入睡用时、夜间惊醒次数显著低于对照组,观察组睡眠时长显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);干预后,观察组护理总满意度显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:情感支持联合心理干预对急诊留观患者心理应激减轻、睡眠质量和护理满意度提升等均可产生积极影响,值得临床推广应用。

术前访视与宣教对患者不良情绪及睡眠质量影响效果

目的:评估手术室术前访视与宣教应用在手术患者中的效果及对术前不良情绪、睡眠质量的影响。方法:选取2021年5月至2023年5月福建省立医院收治的手术患者82例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组41例。对照组采用常规术前指导,观察组采用手术室术前访视与宣教,评价组间不良情绪、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、医学应对策略量表(MCMQ)、生理应激反应。结果:干预前,组间不良情绪[抑郁(SDS)、焦虑(SAS)自评量表]、PSQI、MCMQ(“屈服”“回避”“面对”)、生理应激反应[舒张压(DBP)、收缩压(SBP)、心率(HR)]比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);入室前,观察组不良情绪(SDS、SAS)、PSQI、MCMQ(“屈服”“回避”)评分及生理应激反应(DBP、SBP、HR)比对照组更低,MCMQ(“面对”)评分比对照组更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对手术患者实施手术室术前访视与宣教,可以减轻焦虑、抑郁情绪,改变应对方式,提高睡眠质量,减轻生理应激反应,值得推广。

规范化疼痛干预在食管癌手术患者中的应用效果

目的探讨规范化疼痛干预在食管癌手术患者中的应用效果。方法根据干预方式的不同将198例食管癌手术患者分为观察组(n=99,规范化疼痛干预)和对照组(n=99,常规疼痛干预)。比较两组患者的自我感受负担[自我感受负担量表(SPBS)]、应激反应指标[C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)]、睡眠质量[匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)]、疼痛程度[疼痛数字评分法(NRS)]、生活质量[癌症患者生命质量测定量表(FACT-G)]、住院时间及并发症发生情况。结果干预后,两组患者SPBS各维度评分均低于本组干预前,观察组患者SPBS各维度评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。干预后,两组患者CRP、PCT水平均高于本组干预前,观察组患者CRP、PCT水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。干预后1、2周,两组患者PSQI评分均低于本组干预前,观察组患者PSQI评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。干预后1、2、4天,观察组患者NRS评分均低于本组干预前及对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。干预后,两组患者FACT-G各维度评分及总分均高于本组干预前,观察组患者FACT-G各维度评分及总分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。观察组患者的住院时间明显短于对照组(P﹤0.01)。两组患者的并发症总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。结论规范化疼痛干预可降低食管癌手术患者的自我感受负担、应激反应指标及疼痛程度,提高睡眠质量和生活质量,还可缩短住院时间。

要因分析法的睡眠管理联合夜间干预对重症监护室清醒患者睡眠质量的影响

目的:探讨重症监护(ICU)清醒患者接受要因分析法的睡眠管理联合夜间干预对睡眠改善效果。方法:选取2022年11月至2023年11月厦门大学附属第一医院重症医学科收治的ICU清醒患者106例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组53例。对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组给予要因分析法的睡眠管理联合夜间干预。采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)比较2组患者干预前后焦虑的变化情况,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)比较2组患者干预前后抑郁的变化情况,采用中文版失眠严重程度指数量表(ISI-C)评估2组患者干预前后的失眠程度,采用理查兹-坎贝尔睡眠量表(RCSQ)评估ICU患者的睡眠质量。结果:干预后,观察组HAMA评分、HAMD评分均显著低于对照组,观察组失眠严重程度指数量表ISI-C评分显著低于对照组,观察组理查兹-坎贝尔睡眠量表RCSQ评分显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:ICU清醒患者接受要因分析法的睡眠管理联合夜间干预能减轻负性心理,改善失眠程度,提高睡眠质量,值得临床推广应用。

标准化模式联合3H干预对胃癌手术患者睡眠质量、心理状态及应激反应指标的影响

目的 探讨标准化模式联合3H干预对胃癌手术患者睡眠质量、心理状态及应激反应指标的影响。方法 根据干预方式的不同将80例胃癌手术患者分为常规组(n=39,常规干预)和3H组(n=41,标准化模式联合3H干预)。比较两组患者的术后恢复指标、睡眠质量[匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)]、心理状态[抑郁自评量表(SDS)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)]、应激反应指标[白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)]及并发症发生情况。结果 3H组患者首次排气时间、首次进食时间、首次下床活动时间、术后住院时间均明显短于常规组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。干预后,两组患者PSQI、SDS、SAS评分均低于本组干预前,3H组患者PSQI、SDS、SAS评分均低于常规组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。干预后,两组患者IL-6、CRP水平均高于本组干预前,3H组患者IL-6、CRP水平均低于常规组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。3H组患者的并发症总发生率明显低于常规组(P﹤0.01)。结论 标准化模式联合3H干预可改善胃癌手术患者的睡眠质量及心理状态,降低应激反应指标,缩短住院时间,有利于患者术后康复。

自拟健脾涤浊汤治疗中重度OSAHS的效果及其对氧化应激水平的影响

目的:探讨自拟健脾涤浊汤治疗中重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)的效果,分析其对机体氧化应激水平的影响。方法:选取2020年7月至2022年5月期间我科收治的103例中重度OSAHS患者作为研究对象,随机数字表法分为观察组(n=52)和对照组(n=51)。对照组采用无创正压通气联合医学营养治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联合自拟健脾涤浊汤治疗。对比两组患者临床疗效,症状改善情况、氧化应激指标及不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组患者呼吸暂停低通气指数(Apnea hypoventilation index,AHI)、最长呼吸暂停时间、平均呼吸暂停时间均低于对照组,最低血氧饱和度(Lowest saturation oxygen,LSpO_(2))高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者中医证候积分及Epworth嗜睡量表(Epworth The Sleepiness Scale,ESS)低于对照组,丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)低于对照组,超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)及总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者不良反应无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:自拟健脾涤浊汤能显著提高中重度OSAHS患者血氧饱和度,缩短呼吸暂停时间,减轻日间嗜睡程度,改善机体氧化应激状态,疗效显著,值得临床推荐。

压力反应、压力应对与睡眠质量关系述评

压力反应是个体应对应激源作用时所产生的非特异性表现,而压力应对是个体社会生活中一种综合的压力适应过程。压力反应及其应对是压力与睡眠质量之间的重要变量。生理、认知、情绪和行为等方面的压力反应与睡眠质量有直接的交互作用,而认知调节、情绪调节、应对方式、社会支持和人格倾向等压力应对因素则能够改变压力与睡眠之间相互作用的强度、持续时间以及最终结果。

纤维支气管镜引导下经鼻清醒气管插管对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者插管应激反应的影响

目的评价纤维支气管镜(FOB)引导下经鼻清醒气管插管对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者插管应激反应的影响。方法择期全麻下行悬雍垂腭咽成形术的OSAS患者60例,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,年龄41～65岁,MallampatisⅢ或Ⅳ级。随机均分为两组:A组,经鼻盲探气管插管;B组,经FOB引导经鼻气管插管。记录麻醉前(T0)、插管成功即刻(T1)、插管后1min(T2)、3min(T3)的MAP、HR、SpO2及ECG变化,并于各时点取桡动脉血5ml检测血浆中肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)和皮质醇(Cor)的浓度;记录两组插管时间、插管成功率和插管期间高血压、心动过速、心肌缺血及损伤性鼻出血的发生情况。结果与T0时比较,T1、T2时两组的MAP、血浆E、NE和Cor浓度明显升高、HR明显增快(P<0.05)。与A组比较,T1～T3时B组MAP、血浆E、NE和Cor的浓度明显降低(P<0.05),T1、T2时HR明显减慢(P<0.05)。B组气管插管时间(45±9)min明显短于A组(54±13)min。B组气管插管成功30例(100%)明显高于A组26例(86.7%)(P<0.05)。B组心动过速0例(0%)、高血压7例(23%)及心肌缺血6例(20%),明显低于A组的13例(43%)、16例(52%)、13例(43%)(P<0.05)。结论 FOB引导下经鼻气管插管可明显减轻OSAS患者插管应激反应,维持血流动力学稳定,提高插管成功率,减少并发症。

连续气道正压通气对急性脑梗死合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者氧化应激及神经功能的影响

目的观察连续气道正压通气（CPAP）治疗急性脑梗死合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）患者的效果,探讨CPAP治疗对患者神经功能恢复的影响。方法回顾性连续纳入2014年4月至2015年9月在皖北煤电集团总医院神经内科住院的急性前循环脑梗死合并OSAS患者68例,根据是否接受CPAP治疗分为观察组（31例）和对照组（37例）。对照组接受常规治疗,观察组在对照组治疗方案基础上联合CPAP,均治疗14 d。记录两组患者治疗前后氧减饱和指数（ODI）和最低血氧饱和度（LSaO2）,氧化型低密度脂蛋白（ox-LDL）及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）浓度,美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）、日常生活能力（BI）及3个月后改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分,评估总有效率。结果 （1）观察组和对照组治疗后ODI和LSaO2均较治疗前好转,差异均有统计学意义[ODI：（16±6）%比（35±21）%,（26±15）%比（36±21）%;LSaO2：（88±6）%比（75±11）%,（80±8）%比（74±11）%;均P〈0.05],且治疗后观察组ODI和LSaO2均优于对照组,组间差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.01）。（2）治疗后,观察组ox-LDL低于对照组,SOD高于对照组,组间差异均有统计学意义[ox-LDL：（487±90）μg/L比（548±77）μg/L,SOD：（111±10）k U/L比（94±15）k U/L,均P〈0.01]。（3）治疗后,观察组和对照组NHISS、BI评分均较治疗前好转,差异有统计学意义[NHISS评分：（5.2±2.2）分比（12.9±3.9）分;（7.6±3.1）分比（12.5±4.2）分;BI评分：（88±10）分比（52±30）分;（81±4）分比（58±30）分;均P〈0.01];观察组NIHSS、BI评分优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.01）。随访3个月,观察组mRS评分（1.3±0.4）分低于对照组（2.0±1.1）分,组间差异有统计学意义（t=3.362,P〈0.01）。（4）观察组和对照组总有效率分别为74.2%（23/31）和48.6%（18/37）,组间差异有统计学意义（χ~2=4.598,P〈0.05）。结论 CPAP治疗短期内可减轻急性脑梗死合并OSAS患者的氧化应激水平,改善患者的神经功能。