Recent studies suggest that the interannual variability in the tropical Pacific associated with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation has weakened since 2000. In this study, the authors report that the interannual variabil...Recent studies suggest that the interannual variability in the tropical Pacific associated with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation has weakened since 2000. In this study, the authors report that the interannual variability of the contrast in rainfall between the eastern equatorial Pacific and equatorial Atlantic has also weakened remarkably since 2000, attributable to the weakened interannual variability in the zonal sea surface temperature gradient between the eastern equatorial Pacific and equatorial Atlantic and in the associated equatorial low-level zonal wind across South America linking the two ocean basins. Diagnosis of a column-integrated moisture budget indicates that the weakening in the interannual variability of the contrast in rainfall is primarily attributable to the changes in moisture convergence associated with vertical motion. The results highlight the clear weakened interannual variability in the coupled equatorial Pacific-Atlantic climate system since 2000, including the Pacific El Nino, Atlantic Nino, equatorial zonal wind across South America, and rainfall over the eastern equatorial Pacific and equatorial Atlantic.展开更多
Drawing upon the writings of British cultural critic Raymond Williams, this article examines a pervading concern with representations of the city and the countryside as political sites and wider symbols of contextual ...Drawing upon the writings of British cultural critic Raymond Williams, this article examines a pervading concern with representations of the city and the countryside as political sites and wider symbols of contextual social and economic shifts in the Granta 2013 list of Best of Young British Novelists. The article argues that the 2013 Granta list examines Williams＇ legacy from a twenty-first century perspective, offering a range of fictions that represent the rapidly changing socio-political, cultural and economic landscapes of contemporary Britain. Through textual analysis and contextualized readings, it suggests that the novels featured on the 2013 list do not offer a purely pastoral view of Britain, but use the natural world as a platform to stage wider discussions regarding a range of present-day issues.展开更多
Viral infections remain a global threat to world health in the twenty-first century. They are caused by both DNA and RNA viruses and can manifest as acute or chronic infections, in some cases causing epidemics or even...Viral infections remain a global threat to world health in the twenty-first century. They are caused by both DNA and RNA viruses and can manifest as acute or chronic infections, in some cases causing epidemics or even global pandemics.Persistent viral infections lead to host immunodeficiency and the development of ~12% of human cancers worldwide.展开更多
基金funded by the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation[grant numbers 2015A0303137962016A030310015+7 种基金2016A030312004]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 412050264147601041676008]the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences[grant number XDA11010104]the National Program on Global Change and Air–Sea Interaction[grant number GASI-IPOVAI-04]the Foundation for Returned Scholars of the Ministry of Education of Chinathe Foundation for Visiting Scholars from the China Scholarship Council[grant number20153012]
文摘Recent studies suggest that the interannual variability in the tropical Pacific associated with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation has weakened since 2000. In this study, the authors report that the interannual variability of the contrast in rainfall between the eastern equatorial Pacific and equatorial Atlantic has also weakened remarkably since 2000, attributable to the weakened interannual variability in the zonal sea surface temperature gradient between the eastern equatorial Pacific and equatorial Atlantic and in the associated equatorial low-level zonal wind across South America linking the two ocean basins. Diagnosis of a column-integrated moisture budget indicates that the weakening in the interannual variability of the contrast in rainfall is primarily attributable to the changes in moisture convergence associated with vertical motion. The results highlight the clear weakened interannual variability in the coupled equatorial Pacific-Atlantic climate system since 2000, including the Pacific El Nino, Atlantic Nino, equatorial zonal wind across South America, and rainfall over the eastern equatorial Pacific and equatorial Atlantic.
文摘Drawing upon the writings of British cultural critic Raymond Williams, this article examines a pervading concern with representations of the city and the countryside as political sites and wider symbols of contextual social and economic shifts in the Granta 2013 list of Best of Young British Novelists. The article argues that the 2013 Granta list examines Williams＇ legacy from a twenty-first century perspective, offering a range of fictions that represent the rapidly changing socio-political, cultural and economic landscapes of contemporary Britain. Through textual analysis and contextualized readings, it suggests that the novels featured on the 2013 list do not offer a purely pastoral view of Britain, but use the natural world as a platform to stage wider discussions regarding a range of present-day issues.
文摘Viral infections remain a global threat to world health in the twenty-first century. They are caused by both DNA and RNA viruses and can manifest as acute or chronic infections, in some cases causing epidemics or even global pandemics.Persistent viral infections lead to host immunodeficiency and the development of ~12% of human cancers worldwide.
