Research on Energy Efficiency Characteristics of Mining Shovel Hoisting and Slewing System Driven by Hydraulic-Electric Hybrid System

Mining shovel is a crucial piece of equipment for high-efficiency production in open-pit mining and stands as one of the largest energy consumption sources in mining.However,substantial energy waste occurs during the descent of the hoisting system or the deceleration of the slewing platform.To reduce the energy loss,an innovative hydrau-lic-electric hybrid drive system is proposed,in which a hydraulic pump/motor connected with an accumulator is added to assist the electric motor to drive the hoisting system or slewing platform,recycling kinetic and potential energy.The utilization of the kinetic and potential energy reduces the energy loss and installed power of the min-ing shovel.Meanwhile,the reliability of the mining shovel pure electric drive system also can be increased.In this paper,the hydraulic-electric hybrid driving principle is introduced,a small-scale testbed is set up to verify the feasibil-ity of the system,and a co-simulation model of the proposed system is established to clarify the system operation and energy characteristics.The test and simulation results show that,by adopting the proposed system,compared with the traditional purely electric driving system,the peak power and energy consumption of the hoisting electric motor are reduced by 36.7%and 29.7%,respectively.Similarly,the slewing electric motor experiences a significant decrease in peak power by 86.9%and a reduction in energy consumption by 59.4%.The proposed system expands the application area of the hydraulic electric hybrid drive system and provides a reference for its application in over-sized and super heavy equipment.

基于混合离散粒子群优化的Slew约束下X结构Steiner最小树算法

Steiner最小树是超大规模集成电路中布线阶段的最佳模型,进一步考虑能够有效防止信号失真的电压转换速率(Slew)约束这一个更为贴近实际芯片设计模型和更具线长优化能力的X结构,首次提出基于混合离散粒子群优化的Slew约束下X结构Steiner最小树算法.首先,为了避免频繁的Slew约束计算,提出了高效的预处理策略,并且提出一种能够有效考虑Slew约束的针对性的惩罚机制.其次,为了能够有效求解该离散问题,基于遗传算子重新设计了粒子群优化算法的离散更新机制,并提出一种更适合遗传算子的引脚对编码方式.然后,为了进一步优化布线树的长度,提出一种有效的精炼策略.最终,提出一种混合修正策略以完全满足Slew约束.实验表明,所提算法可完全满足电压转换速率约束并取得同类工作中最佳的布线结果.

LINK11_SLEW信号的非协同解调

根据LINK11_SLEW信号的波形协议和帧结构,先对复杂信道下的LINK11_SLEW信号进行一次模拟解调,再采用相关同步算法、重构前导序列测频算法、平均自适应滤波的信道均衡(AFA)算法和最佳采样点鉴相解扰算法进行二次解调,理论推导和计算仿真表明,复杂信道下采用常规解调方式无法有效解调的LINK11_SLEW信号,采用新算法解调星座图在10符号之内达到收敛,在Eb/N0高于12 dB的情况下,解调误码率小于10-3。

打印机SLEWING测试系统的设计与实现

现代控制和数据采集系统中通常采用多个单片机负责现场操作,而PC机功能强大、界面友好,作为系统的后台。文中介绍了基于串口通信的打印机SLEWING测试系统的设计,主要包括系统原理、系统结构、系统实现方式及其应用价值,简要介绍了SLEWING数据表、CPLD和LPC932。整个系统使用灵活方便,具有很大的实用性,对集散控制系统的设计与实现有一定的参考价值。

Efficient Slew-Rate Enhanced Operational Transconductance Amplifier

Today, along with the prevalent use of portable equipment, wireless, and other battery powered systems, the demand for amplifiers with a high gain-bandwidth product（GBW）, slew rate（SR）, and at the same time very low static power dissipation is growing. In this work, an operational transconductance amplifier（OTA） with an enhanced SR is proposed. By inserting a sensing resistor in the input port of the current mirror in the OTA, the voltage drop across the resistor is converted into an output current containing a term in proportion to the square of the voltage, and then the SR of the proposed OTA is significantly enhanced and the current dissipation can be reduced. The proposed OTA is designed and simulated with a 0.5μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor（CMOS） process. The simulation results show that the SR is 4.54V/μs, increased by 8.25 times than that of the conventional design, while the current dissipation is only 87.3%.

Fatigue Life of Slewing Bearings under Combined Radial,Axial and Tilting Moment Loads

A calculation method of fatigue life for slewing bearings under combined radial, axial and tilting moment loads was proposed. Single row four-point contact ball slewing bearing being used as a case, the statics model of the slewing bearing was established and a set of equilibrium equations were obtained. By solving the equilibrium equatioas, the rolling element loads were obtained and the equivalent rolling element loads were calculated further. By using the geometrical parameters of the bearing, the rating rolling element loads were calculated, and the fa- tigue life of the bearing was calculated by using the rating rolling element loads and the equivalent rolling element loads. A calculation example shows the feasibility of the proposed method.

Online residual useful life prediction of large-size slewing bearings A data fusion method

To decrease breakdown time and improve machine operation reliability,accurate residual useful life(RUL) prediction has been playing a critical role in condition based monitoring.A data fusion method was proposed to achieve online RUL prediction of slewing bearings,which consisted of a reliability based RUL prediction model and a data driven failure rate(FR) estimation model.Firstly,an RUL prediction model was developed based on modified Weibull distribution to build the relationship between RUL and FR.Secondly,principal component analysis(PCA) was introduced to process multi-dimensional life-cycle vibration signals,and continuous squared prediction error(CSPE) and its time-domain features were employed as equipment performance degradation features.Afterwards,an FR estimation model was established on basis of the degradation features and relevant FRs using simplified fuzzy adaptive resonance theory map(SFAM) neural network.Consequently,real-time FR of equipment can be obtained through FR estimation model,and then accurate RUL can be calculated through the RUL prediction model.Results of a slewing bearing life test show that CSPE is an effective indicator of performance degradation process of slewing bearings,and that by combining actual load condition and real-time monitored data,the calculation time is reduced by 87.3%and the accuracy is increased by 0.11%,which provides a potential for online RUL prediction of slewing bearings and other various machineries.

基于IAOA-SVM模型结构时变可靠性研究

目的为有效解决使用传统代理模型进行结构时变可靠性研究中存在流程复杂、计算效率低等问题。方法提出以改进算术优化算法(Improved Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm,IAOA)优化支持向量机模型(Support Vector Machine,SVM)进行时变可靠性研究的方法,结合IAOA-SVM模型和极值理论,以某塔式起重机回转支承为研究对象,对其进行动态确定性分析获取样本数据,建立IAOA-SVM可靠性模型,采用蒙特卡洛法求解得到其可靠度结果,并与EKM和ERSM算法对比分析其仿真精度和效率。结果当回转支承径向变形许用值为0.278×10^(-3)m时,采用蒙特卡洛法求解得到其可靠度为99.68%,IAOA-SVM模型相比EKM和ERSM方法仿真效率有所提升,建模精度分别提高了10.42%和9.23%。结论IAOA-SVM方法在建模和仿真精度与效率方面具有较明显的优势,IAOA-SVM方法为求解机构时变可靠度难题提供了一种新的解决思路。

低速往复运转轴承故障的调制信号双谱切片总体平均特征提取

风电机组的偏航轴承和变桨轴承、航天发射塔架的回转支承轴承、起重机和挖掘机的转盘轴承等,都具有低速往复运转的特点。低速往复运转轴承的故障诊断极具挑战:低速工况下损伤接触的冲击力小,损伤冲击信号弱;减速换向冲击信号对故障冲击信号的干扰大;覆盖多个往复运转行程的长信号不具有周期性,等等。为了解决上述问题,提出一种基于调制信号双谱(Modulation Signal Bispectrum,MSB)切片总体平均的低速往复运转轴承故障诊断方法。首先,利用转速跟踪过零点对振动信号进行信号重采样处理,并依据编码器信号从重采样信号中分离出单个行程的短信号集合;然后,对每一个短信号进行MSB分析,生成MSB的载波切片谱,根据载波切片谱寻找最优载波频率及其对应的调制信号切片谱;最后,对短信号集合的MSB调制信号切片谱进行总体平均,生成切片谱总体平均特征。故障试验数据验证结果表明,MSB切片总体平均特征能够有效诊断低速往复运转轴承的故障。

一种高速多级全差分放大器设计

设计了一款基于互补双极工艺的高带宽和低噪声全差分放大器,可实现全差分或单端转差分功能。提出了一种H型桥式输入结构,可实现高摆率、低失真;此外,放大器通过内部共模反馈环路将共模信号反馈到两个增益级,实现差分输出共模电平的调整,使高速全差分放大器特别适合于高速高精度模数转换器(ADC)输入信号的缓冲和放大。放大器内部跨导线性环为AB类输出级提供有效偏置,减小输出级失真的同时提供高动态范围。基于EDA工具进行了放大器电路和版图设计,后仿结果表明,在±5 V电源供电下,放大器-3 dB带宽达到366 MHz,压摆率大于1150 V/μs,输入电压噪声小于10nV/√Hz,输入失调电压在±1 mV内。

基于参数化多体动力学模型的内齿式回转支承动态优化设计

内齿式回转支承兼有滚动轴承的回转支承特点和齿轮啮合传动特点,在联合载荷作用下其动态性能的影响因素众多,容易出现轮齿磨损或断齿、套圈滚道磨损和运行精度变差等问题。综合考虑钢球与内外套圈滚道、保持架兜孔的动态接触作用及内齿圈轮齿间的啮合传动作用,建立了内齿式回转支承参数化多体接触动力学模型。分析了沟道曲率半径、保持架兜孔孔径、初始接触角和轮齿变位系数等关键设计参数对回转支承齿轮啮合力、1号钢球与N1滚道的接触力、内齿圈质心轴向和径向振动位移的影响规律。在此基础上,采用试验设计(design of experiment,DOE)方法,对内齿式回转支承的关键设计参数进行全因子试验设计及计算,获得了多参数影响下回转支承的动态性能。结合线性加权法,运用统一量纲法和权系数法构造新的多目标优化函数,提出了回转支承动态性能的多变量多目标优化设计方法,得到回转支承的轮齿啮合力下降了49.27%,1号钢球与N1滚道的接触力下降了29.6%,内齿圈质心轴向振动位移减小了5.41%,内齿圈质心径向位移减小了15.88%,回转支承的性能得到了优化。研究结果为回转支承的动态设计提供了参考。

挖掘机回转特性分析与优化

针对某型挖掘机市场作业出现回转启动抖动、制动锁不住现象,进行厂内回转试验研究。考虑液压因素所致,故搭建试验平台,采集回转马达压力,陀螺仪采集回转运动过程中的角速度、角加速度以及制动时间、制动角度,振动传感器采集驾驶室悬置主被动侧加速度信号,评估回转支承抖动对驾驶室悬置隔振性能的影响,进而研究驾驶室噪声。结果表明,试验样机振动噪声性能较好,工作装置单动作、回转性能与高端机型差距不大,铲斗内收单动作时间增加16.0%,斗杆内收时间增加13.3%,动臂提升加回转时间增加14.6%,液压缸行程减小9.6%,铲斗提升高度下降7.9%,装车高度稍低。提出的试验方法可以建立切向力与回转角度关系,解决试验之前拉力计需与铲斗回转方向共线的问题。采用PID控制方法,优化压力波动范围,使得回转过程中稳定性好,抖动现象有所改善。

球柱联合转盘轴承的寿命特性

为研究球柱联合转盘轴承的寿命特性,建立了轴承的力学模型与疲劳寿命计算模型,采用牛顿-拉弗森方法对模型进行求解,分析了轴承结构参数和工况参数对轴承寿命的影响,结果表明,轴承疲劳寿命随着轴承轴向游隙的增大先增大后减小,随轴向排每列钢球数的增加呈明显上升趋势,随径向排滚子数的增加仅小幅提高,随外载荷作用距离的增加和外载荷的增大明显降低。

船舶风翼液压系统小角度回转控制策略研究

为了优化风翼回转液压系统在小角度转动时的控制策略,选用一种升力系数较大的多段翼风翼,根据风翼模型风洞实验数据得出风翼气动特性曲线。基于实验数据设计目标船风翼回转液压驱动系统,建立AMESim仿真模型并在液压实验台中验证其正确性。围绕船舶风翼小角度转动的需求,确定正弦启动和制动控制信号,进而确定风翼小角度转动时液压驱动系统启动和制动最佳控制策略。结果表明:风翼回转液压驱动系统启动和制动采用正弦控制信号,且启动和制动时间为2~3 s时系统压力波动较小,有利于液压系统的稳定运行。

连铸大包回转支承状态劣化的几种数字表征

连铸大包回转支承状态监控目前有传动电机电流监控、润滑油品理化指标检测以及应力波检测等几种有效方法,分别采用这几种方法对回转支承整个劣化过程进行了数据采集和分析,并通过现场解体后的现象和数据对几种方法预判结果进行了验证,可为低速重载类设备状态维护提供参考。

A constant-g_m and high-slew-rate operational amplifier for an LCD driver

To drive the backplane of a liquid crystal display device and achieve different kinds of grey levels, a high-slew-rate operational amplifier with constant-gin input stage is presented. A Zener-diode structure is inserted between the tails of the complementary input pairs to keep the grn of the input stage constant. A novel slew rate enhancement circuit is implemented to achieve a very high slew rate. The chip has been implemented in a 0.5μm CMOS process and the chip area of the operational amplifier circuit is 0.11 mm^2. The testing results indicate that in the 5-8 V input range, the maximum gm fluctuation is only 4.2%. The result exhibits a high slew rate of 111 V/μs and 102 V/μs for the rising and falling edges under a 20 pF capacitance load, and the low frequency gain is up to 109 dB with a phase margin of 70 ℃.

An ultra-low power output capacitor-less low-dropout regulator with slew-rate-enhanced circuit

An ultra-low power output-capacitorless low-dropout（LDO） regulator with a slew-rate-enhanced（SRE）circuit is introduced. The increased slew rate is achieved by sensing the transient output voltage of the LDO and then charging（or discharging） the gate capacitor quickly. In addition, a buffer with ultra-low output impedance is presented to improve line and load regulations. This design is fabricated by SMIC 0.18 μm CMOS technology. Experimental results show that, the proposed LDO regulator only consumes an ultra-low quiescent current of 1.2 μA.The output current range is from 10 μA to 200 m A and the corresponding variation of output voltage is less than 40 m V. Moreover, the measured line regulation and load regulation are 15.38 m V/V and 0.4 m V/m A respectively.

起重机数字液压回转系统设计与试验

为了提高起重机回转动作的微动性、平稳性、响应速度和定位精度,将数字液压技术应用于起重机回转系统中。基于数字液压技术,设计一种起重机数字液压回转系统,介绍了数字液压回转系统的结构和工作原理,建立了数字液压回转系统的数学模型,在某型号起重机上安装了数字液压回转系统并与原有液压回转系统进行对比试验。结果表明:与起重机原有液压回转系统相比,数字液压回转系统的最低稳定速度更低、更平稳,微动性更好;数字液压回转系统在高速启动时更平稳,最高稳定速度更高;数字液压回转系统的回转动作响应时间大幅缩减,系统响应更快速;数字液压回转系统具备精确的位置控制功能,重复定位精度较高。

矿用掘进机回转机构的优化设计

为解决矿用解决回转机构下侧耳部和支撑部件出现故障,甚至会出现断裂的问题,在对掘进机回转台结构分析和截割阻力分析的基础上,对设备在水平和竖直截割工况下的变量、优化目标等进行综合确定,基于MATLAB软件对水平回转油缸和升降油缸与截割机构铰接位置进行优化,并对最终的优化效果进行综合评估。

煤矿掘进机回转平台疲劳寿命分析及结构改进

煤矿掘进机是煤炭开采中的关键设备,回转平台作为掘进机的重要组成部分,其性能直接影响到掘进机的整体工作效率和使用寿命。回转平台的疲劳寿命分析是确保掘进机可靠运行的重要环节。利用有限元法对煤矿掘进机回转平台的疲劳寿命进行了分析,找出了影响回转平台疲劳寿命的主要因素,并提出了相应的结构改进方案。通过对比改进前后的回转平台性能,验证了结构改进的有效性,结构的使用寿命预计能延长25%以上,为煤矿掘进机的优化设计和改进提供了有益的参考。