This paper studies three types of coaxial slow wave structures (SWSs): (1) with ripples on both the inner and outer conductors; (2) with ripples on the outer conductor and smooth on the inner one; and (3) wit...This paper studies three types of coaxial slow wave structures (SWSs): (1) with ripples on both the inner and outer conductors; (2) with ripples on the outer conductor and smooth on the inner one; and (3) with ripples on the inner conductor and smooth on the outer one. The frequencies, coupling impedances, time growth rates and beam-wave interaction efficiencies of the three types of coaxial SWSs are obtained by theoretical analysis. Moreover, the relativistic Ccrenkov generators (RCGs) with the three types of coaxial SWSs are simulated with a fully electromagnetic particle- in-cell code, and the results verify the theoretical analysis. It is proved that the RCG with double-rippled coaxial SWS has the highest conversion efficiency and the shortest starting time.展开更多
The variational method is applied to calculate the dispersion characteristics of disc-loaded waveguide slow-wave structures. The parameters describing the waveguide discontinuities in disc-loaded waveguide are calcula...The variational method is applied to calculate the dispersion characteristics of disc-loaded waveguide slow-wave structures. The parameters describing the waveguide discontinuities in disc-loaded waveguide are calculated by the variational method. Then the dispersion characteristics of slow-wave structures are obtained using lossless microwave quadrupole theory. Good agreement was observed between results of the Variational method and those of field matching method and high frequency structure simulator. In the case of broad band, results of the variational method are better than those of field matching method.展开更多
A novel slotted helix slow-wave structure (SWS) is proposed to develop a high power, wide-bandwidth, and high reliability millimeter-wave traveling-wave tube (TWT). This novel structure, which has higher heat capa...A novel slotted helix slow-wave structure (SWS) is proposed to develop a high power, wide-bandwidth, and high reliability millimeter-wave traveling-wave tube (TWT). This novel structure, which has higher heat capacity than a conven- tional helix SWS, evolves from conventional helix SWS with three parallel rows of rectangular slots made in the outside of the helix tape. In this paper, the electromagnetic characteristics and the beam-wave interaction of this novel structure operating in the Ka-band are investigated. From our calculations, when the designed beam voltage and beam current are set to be 18.45 kV and 0.2 A, respectively, this novel circuit can produce over 700-W average output power in a frequency range from 27.5 GHz to 32.5 GHz, and the corresponding conversion efficiency values vary from 19% to 21.3%, and the maximum output power is 787 W at 30 GHz.展开更多
A watt-class backward wave oscillator is proposed, using the concise sine waveguide slow-wave structure combined with a pencil electron beam to operate at 220 GHz. Firstly, the dispersion curve of the sine waveguide i...A watt-class backward wave oscillator is proposed, using the concise sine waveguide slow-wave structure combined with a pencil electron beam to operate at 220 GHz. Firstly, the dispersion curve of the sine waveguide is calculated, then, the oscillation frequency and operating voltage of the device are predicted and the circuit transmission loss is calculated. Finally, the particle-in-cell simulation method is used to forecast its radiation performance. The results show that this novel backward wave oscillator can produce over 1-W continuous wave power output in a frequency range from 210 GHz to 230 GHz. Therefore, it will be considered as a very promising high-power millimeter-wave to terahertz-wave radiation source.展开更多
A backward wave amplifier(BWA) in a terahertz regime with a novel slow-wave structure(SWS) composed of multi parallel grating pins inside a rectangular waveguide is analyzed. The multi-pin rectangular waveguide SW...A backward wave amplifier(BWA) in a terahertz regime with a novel slow-wave structure(SWS) composed of multi parallel grating pins inside a rectangular waveguide is analyzed. The multi-pin rectangular waveguide SWS possesses good performance and is compatible with micro-fabrication technologies. The dispersion and interaction impedance of the multipin SWS are presented. The stopbands of the modes cling together in a Brillouim zone. The SWS has a high interaction impedance that is suitable for the interaction of multi cylindrical beams. The design, which is based on three parallel pins supporting the wave–beam interaction with four cylindrical beams, is verified by three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. A BWA with the central frequency at 340 GHz is demonstrated, and the output power is more than 100 mW.A tuning frequency range of 15 GHz(333–348 GHz) is obtained with a gain of more than 20 dB.展开更多
This paper studies the dispersion characteristics of a modified photonic band-gap slow-wave structure with an open boundary by simulation and experiment. A mode launcher with a wheel radiator and a coupling probe is p...This paper studies the dispersion characteristics of a modified photonic band-gap slow-wave structure with an open boundary by simulation and experiment. A mode launcher with a wheel radiator and a coupling probe is presented to excite a pure TM01-like mode. The cold test and simulation results show that the TM01-like mode is effectively excited and no parasitic modes appear. The dispersion characteristics obtained from the cold test are in good agreement with the calculated results.展开更多
Based on the actual vane-loaded tape helix slow wave structure, a new theoretical analytic model for calculating coupling impedance is proposed by Chen Qingyou, et al.(1999)with calculated values of dispersion in good...Based on the actual vane-loaded tape helix slow wave structure, a new theoretical analytic model for calculating coupling impedance is proposed by Chen Qingyou, et al.(1999)with calculated values of dispersion in good agreement with measured ones. In this paper, it is continued to use this model to calculate the coupling impedance of such a structure, and analyze the effects of the propagation power within vane gaps and the helix gap on the coupling impedance.As a result, the theoretical values are found to be in good agreement with the measured ones,with the maximum difference less than ±18%.展开更多
The linear dispersion relation of a trapezoidally corrugated slow wave structure (TCSWS) is analyzed and presented. The size parameters of the TCSWS are chosen in such a way that they operate in the x-band frequency...The linear dispersion relation of a trapezoidally corrugated slow wave structure (TCSWS) is analyzed and presented. The size parameters of the TCSWS are chosen in such a way that they operate in the x-band frequency range. The dispersion relation is solved by utilizing the Rayleigh-Fourier method by expressing the radial function in terms of the Fourier series. A highly accurate synthetic technique is also applied to determine the complete dispersion characteristics from experimentally measured resonances (cold test). Periodic structures resonate at specific frequencies when the terminals are shorted numerical calculation, synthetic technique and cold appropriately. The dispersion characteristics obtained from test are compared, and an excellent agreement is achieved.展开更多
This paper presents a three-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation of a Ka-band relativistic Cherenkov source with a slow wave structure (SWS) consisting of metal photonic band gap (PBG) structures. In th...This paper presents a three-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation of a Ka-band relativistic Cherenkov source with a slow wave structure (SWS) consisting of metal photonic band gap (PBG) structures. In the simulation, a perfect match layer boundary is employed to absorb passing band modes supported by the PBG lattice with an artificial metal boundary. The simulated axial field distributions in the cross section and surface of the SWS demonstrate that the device operates in the vicinity of the π point of a TM01-1ike mode. The Fourier transformation spectra of the axial fields as functions of time and space show that only a single frequency appears at 36.27 GHz, which is in good agreement with that of the intersection of the dispersion curve with the slow space charge wave generated on the beam. The simulation results demonstrate that the SWS has good mode selectivity.展开更多
The folded double-ridged waveguide structure is presented and its properties used for wide-band traveling-wave tube are investigated. Expressions of dispersion characteristics, normalized phase velocity and interactio...The folded double-ridged waveguide structure is presented and its properties used for wide-band traveling-wave tube are investigated. Expressions of dispersion characteristics, normalized phase velocity and interaction impedance of this structure are derived and numerically calculated. The calculated results using our theory agree well with those obtained by using the 3D electromagnetic simulation software HFSS. Influences of the ridge-loaded area and broad-wall dimensions on the high frequency characteristics of the novel slow-wave structure are discussed. It is shown that the folded double-ridged waveguide structure has a much wider relative passband than the folded waveguide slow-wave structure and a relative passband of 67% could be obtained, indicating that this structure can operate in broad-band frequency ranges of beam-wave interaction. The small signal gain property is investigated for ensuring the improvement of bandwidth. Meanwhile, with comparable dispersion characteristics, the transverse section dimension of this novel structure is much smaller than that of conventional one, which indicates an available way to reduce the weight of traveling-wave tube.展开更多
This paper investigates the properties of traveling wave-beam interaction in a rectangular helix traveling-wave-tube (TWT) for a solid sheet electron beam. The "hot" dispersion equation is obtained by means of the...This paper investigates the properties of traveling wave-beam interaction in a rectangular helix traveling-wave-tube (TWT) for a solid sheet electron beam. The "hot" dispersion equation is obtained by means of the self-consistent field theory. The small signal analysis,which includes the effects of the beam parameters and slow-wave structure (SWS) parameters,is carried out by theoretical computation. The numerical results show that the bandwidth and the small-signal gain of the rectangular helix TWT increase as the beam current increases;and the beam voltage not obviously influences the small signal gain. Among different rectangular helix structures,the small-signal gain increases as the width of the rectangular helix SWS increases,however,the bandwidth decreases whether structure parameters a and L or ψ and L are fixed or not.In addition,a comparison of the small-signal gain of this structure with a conventional round helix is made.The presented analysis will be useful for the design of the TWT with a rectangular helix circuit.展开更多
<div style="text-align:justify;"> A high-efficiency ridged magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (RMILO) is proposed and investigated theoretically and numerically in this paper. In the R...<div style="text-align:justify;"> A high-efficiency ridged magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (RMILO) is proposed and investigated theoretically and numerically in this paper. In the RMILO, ridge-disk vanes are introduced to enhance the power efficiency. Theoretical investigation shows that the ridge-disk can enhance the coupling impedance of the slow-wave structure (SWS), and so enhance the power efficiency. Moreover, the ridge has a weak influence on frequency, so, it influences little on the tunability of the MILO. In simulation, when the applied voltage is increased to 807 kV, the RMILO can get the 3 dB tunable frequency range with 7.6 - 13.9 GHz and the 3 dB tuning bandwidth with 58.6% which has an increase of 27.6% compared with the conventional MILO. So, the tuning performance of the RMILO is more superior. Besides, the RMILO gets the maximum output power of 7.1 GW, the corresponding power efficiency is 22.6% and the frequency is 1.400 GHz. Furthermore, when the applied voltage is increased to 807 kV, high-power microwave with a power of 13.5 GW, frequency of 1.400 GHz, and ef?ciency of 24.5% is generated, which has an increase of 20.2% compared with the conventional MILO. The simulation results con?rm the ones predicted by theoretical analysis. </div>展开更多
Based on the combination of a staggered double vane slow wave structure (SWS) and round electron beam, a 200-W W-band traveling-wave tube (TWT) amplifier is studied in this paper. The main advantages of round beam...Based on the combination of a staggered double vane slow wave structure (SWS) and round electron beam, a 200-W W-band traveling-wave tube (TWT) amplifier is studied in this paper. The main advantages of round beam operation over the sheet beam is that the round beam can be formed more easily and the focus requirement can be dramatically reduced. It operates in the fundamental mode at the first spatial harmonic. The geometric parameters are optimized and a transition structure for the slow wave circuit is designed which can well match the signal that enters into and goes out from the tube. Then a TWT model is established and the particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation results show that the tube can provide over 200-W output power in a frequency range of 88 GHz-103 GHz with a maximum power of 289 W at 95 GHz, on the assumption that the input power is 0.1 W and the beam power is 5.155 kW. The corresponding conversion efficiency and gain at 95 GHz are expected to be 5.6% and 34.6 dB, respectively. Such amplifiers can potentially be used in high power microwave-power-modules (MPM) and for other portable applications.展开更多
A three-dimensional model of the double-slot coupled cavity slow-wave structure (CCSWS) with a solid round elec- tron beam for the beam-wave interaction is presented. Based on the "cold" dispersion, the "hot" di...A three-dimensional model of the double-slot coupled cavity slow-wave structure (CCSWS) with a solid round elec- tron beam for the beam-wave interaction is presented. Based on the "cold" dispersion, the "hot" dispersion equation is derived with the Maxwell equations by using the variable separation method and the field-matching method. Through numerical calculations, the effects of the electron beam parameters and the staggered angle between adjacent walls on the linear gain are analyzed.展开更多
文摘This paper studies three types of coaxial slow wave structures (SWSs): (1) with ripples on both the inner and outer conductors; (2) with ripples on the outer conductor and smooth on the inner one; and (3) with ripples on the inner conductor and smooth on the outer one. The frequencies, coupling impedances, time growth rates and beam-wave interaction efficiencies of the three types of coaxial SWSs are obtained by theoretical analysis. Moreover, the relativistic Ccrenkov generators (RCGs) with the three types of coaxial SWSs are simulated with a fully electromagnetic particle- in-cell code, and the results verify the theoretical analysis. It is proved that the RCG with double-rippled coaxial SWS has the highest conversion efficiency and the shortest starting time.
文摘The variational method is applied to calculate the dispersion characteristics of disc-loaded waveguide slow-wave structures. The parameters describing the waveguide discontinuities in disc-loaded waveguide are calculated by the variational method. Then the dispersion characteristics of slow-wave structures are obtained using lossless microwave quadrupole theory. Good agreement was observed between results of the Variational method and those of field matching method and high frequency structure simulator. In the case of broad band, results of the variational method are better than those of field matching method.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61271029)the Natural Science Key Laboratory Foundationthe Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(Grant No.61125103)
文摘A novel slotted helix slow-wave structure (SWS) is proposed to develop a high power, wide-bandwidth, and high reliability millimeter-wave traveling-wave tube (TWT). This novel structure, which has higher heat capacity than a conven- tional helix SWS, evolves from conventional helix SWS with three parallel rows of rectangular slots made in the outside of the helix tape. In this paper, the electromagnetic characteristics and the beam-wave interaction of this novel structure operating in the Ka-band are investigated. From our calculations, when the designed beam voltage and beam current are set to be 18.45 kV and 0.2 A, respectively, this novel circuit can produce over 700-W average output power in a frequency range from 27.5 GHz to 32.5 GHz, and the corresponding conversion efficiency values vary from 19% to 21.3%, and the maximum output power is 787 W at 30 GHz.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (Grant No. 61125103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60971038 and 60971031)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China (Grant No. ZYGX2009Z003)
文摘A watt-class backward wave oscillator is proposed, using the concise sine waveguide slow-wave structure combined with a pencil electron beam to operate at 220 GHz. Firstly, the dispersion curve of the sine waveguide is calculated, then, the oscillation frequency and operating voltage of the device are predicted and the circuit transmission loss is calculated. Finally, the particle-in-cell simulation method is used to forecast its radiation performance. The results show that this novel backward wave oscillator can produce over 1-W continuous wave power output in a frequency range from 210 GHz to 230 GHz. Therefore, it will be considered as a very promising high-power millimeter-wave to terahertz-wave radiation source.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2014CB339801)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.G060104012AA8122007B)
文摘A backward wave amplifier(BWA) in a terahertz regime with a novel slow-wave structure(SWS) composed of multi parallel grating pins inside a rectangular waveguide is analyzed. The multi-pin rectangular waveguide SWS possesses good performance and is compatible with micro-fabrication technologies. The dispersion and interaction impedance of the multipin SWS are presented. The stopbands of the modes cling together in a Brillouim zone. The SWS has a high interaction impedance that is suitable for the interaction of multi cylindrical beams. The design, which is based on three parallel pins supporting the wave–beam interaction with four cylindrical beams, is verified by three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. A BWA with the central frequency at 340 GHz is demonstrated, and the output power is more than 100 mW.A tuning frequency range of 15 GHz(333–348 GHz) is obtained with a gain of more than 20 dB.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10975036 and 61071018)the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation,China (Grant No. 2010GXNSFB013049)
文摘This paper studies the dispersion characteristics of a modified photonic band-gap slow-wave structure with an open boundary by simulation and experiment. A mode launcher with a wheel radiator and a coupling probe is presented to excite a pure TM01-like mode. The cold test and simulation results show that the TM01-like mode is effectively excited and no parasitic modes appear. The dispersion characteristics obtained from the cold test are in good agreement with the calculated results.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant no.69901004
文摘Based on the actual vane-loaded tape helix slow wave structure, a new theoretical analytic model for calculating coupling impedance is proposed by Chen Qingyou, et al.(1999)with calculated values of dispersion in good agreement with measured ones. In this paper, it is continued to use this model to calculate the coupling impedance of such a structure, and analyze the effects of the propagation power within vane gaps and the helix gap on the coupling impedance.As a result, the theoretical values are found to be in good agreement with the measured ones,with the maximum difference less than ±18%.
文摘The linear dispersion relation of a trapezoidally corrugated slow wave structure (TCSWS) is analyzed and presented. The size parameters of the TCSWS are chosen in such a way that they operate in the x-band frequency range. The dispersion relation is solved by utilizing the Rayleigh-Fourier method by expressing the radial function in terms of the Fourier series. A highly accurate synthetic technique is also applied to determine the complete dispersion characteristics from experimentally measured resonances (cold test). Periodic structures resonate at specific frequencies when the terminals are shorted numerical calculation, synthetic technique and cold appropriately. The dispersion characteristics obtained from test are compared, and an excellent agreement is achieved.
基金Project supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (Grant No 2007CB31040)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 60571020)
文摘This paper presents a three-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation of a Ka-band relativistic Cherenkov source with a slow wave structure (SWS) consisting of metal photonic band gap (PBG) structures. In the simulation, a perfect match layer boundary is employed to absorb passing band modes supported by the PBG lattice with an artificial metal boundary. The simulated axial field distributions in the cross section and surface of the SWS demonstrate that the device operates in the vicinity of the π point of a TM01-1ike mode. The Fourier transformation spectra of the axial fields as functions of time and space show that only a single frequency appears at 36.27 GHz, which is in good agreement with that of the intersection of the dispersion curve with the slow space charge wave generated on the beam. The simulation results demonstrate that the SWS has good mode selectivity.
基金Project supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60971038)in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities,China (Grant No. ZYGX2009Z003)
文摘The folded double-ridged waveguide structure is presented and its properties used for wide-band traveling-wave tube are investigated. Expressions of dispersion characteristics, normalized phase velocity and interaction impedance of this structure are derived and numerically calculated. The calculated results using our theory agree well with those obtained by using the 3D electromagnetic simulation software HFSS. Influences of the ridge-loaded area and broad-wall dimensions on the high frequency characteristics of the novel slow-wave structure are discussed. It is shown that the folded double-ridged waveguide structure has a much wider relative passband than the folded waveguide slow-wave structure and a relative passband of 67% could be obtained, indicating that this structure can operate in broad-band frequency ranges of beam-wave interaction. The small signal gain property is investigated for ensuring the improvement of bandwidth. Meanwhile, with comparable dispersion characteristics, the transverse section dimension of this novel structure is much smaller than that of conventional one, which indicates an available way to reduce the weight of traveling-wave tube.
基金Project supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 60532010)the Talent Fund of Chinese Education Administration
文摘This paper investigates the properties of traveling wave-beam interaction in a rectangular helix traveling-wave-tube (TWT) for a solid sheet electron beam. The "hot" dispersion equation is obtained by means of the self-consistent field theory. The small signal analysis,which includes the effects of the beam parameters and slow-wave structure (SWS) parameters,is carried out by theoretical computation. The numerical results show that the bandwidth and the small-signal gain of the rectangular helix TWT increase as the beam current increases;and the beam voltage not obviously influences the small signal gain. Among different rectangular helix structures,the small-signal gain increases as the width of the rectangular helix SWS increases,however,the bandwidth decreases whether structure parameters a and L or ψ and L are fixed or not.In addition,a comparison of the small-signal gain of this structure with a conventional round helix is made.The presented analysis will be useful for the design of the TWT with a rectangular helix circuit.
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> A high-efficiency ridged magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (RMILO) is proposed and investigated theoretically and numerically in this paper. In the RMILO, ridge-disk vanes are introduced to enhance the power efficiency. Theoretical investigation shows that the ridge-disk can enhance the coupling impedance of the slow-wave structure (SWS), and so enhance the power efficiency. Moreover, the ridge has a weak influence on frequency, so, it influences little on the tunability of the MILO. In simulation, when the applied voltage is increased to 807 kV, the RMILO can get the 3 dB tunable frequency range with 7.6 - 13.9 GHz and the 3 dB tuning bandwidth with 58.6% which has an increase of 27.6% compared with the conventional MILO. So, the tuning performance of the RMILO is more superior. Besides, the RMILO gets the maximum output power of 7.1 GW, the corresponding power efficiency is 22.6% and the frequency is 1.400 GHz. Furthermore, when the applied voltage is increased to 807 kV, high-power microwave with a power of 13.5 GW, frequency of 1.400 GHz, and ef?ciency of 24.5% is generated, which has an increase of 20.2% compared with the conventional MILO. The simulation results con?rm the ones predicted by theoretical analysis. </div>
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars (Grant No. 61125103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60971038 and 60971031)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. ZYGX2009Z003)
文摘Based on the combination of a staggered double vane slow wave structure (SWS) and round electron beam, a 200-W W-band traveling-wave tube (TWT) amplifier is studied in this paper. The main advantages of round beam operation over the sheet beam is that the round beam can be formed more easily and the focus requirement can be dramatically reduced. It operates in the fundamental mode at the first spatial harmonic. The geometric parameters are optimized and a transition structure for the slow wave circuit is designed which can well match the signal that enters into and goes out from the tube. Then a TWT model is established and the particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation results show that the tube can provide over 200-W output power in a frequency range of 88 GHz-103 GHz with a maximum power of 289 W at 95 GHz, on the assumption that the input power is 0.1 W and the beam power is 5.155 kW. The corresponding conversion efficiency and gain at 95 GHz are expected to be 5.6% and 34.6 dB, respectively. Such amplifiers can potentially be used in high power microwave-power-modules (MPM) and for other portable applications.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11205162)
文摘A three-dimensional model of the double-slot coupled cavity slow-wave structure (CCSWS) with a solid round elec- tron beam for the beam-wave interaction is presented. Based on the "cold" dispersion, the "hot" dispersion equation is derived with the Maxwell equations by using the variable separation method and the field-matching method. Through numerical calculations, the effects of the electron beam parameters and the staggered angle between adjacent walls on the linear gain are analyzed.