Analysis on the Green Space System Planning of Small Cities in Mountainous Areas

With the urban green space system planning of small cities in mountainous areas as the study object,the planning practices are analyzed and studied to summarize the common characteristics of urban green space system planning in those small cities.Being combined with relevant national standards and regulations,the problems that those small cities are faced with in their urban green space system planning are analyzed,then corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to resolve problems in the practical planning.

GIS-Based Landscape Planning of Urban Parks in Mountainous Areas——Using Aoshan Park of Jianyang City as a Case Study

The concept,characteristics and features of park in mountainous areas as well as the significance of its planning were introduced in this study.Taking Aoshan Park in Jianyang City for an example,this study started from general situation of the project site and the base,carried out the single-factor analysis with the help of GIS,built a DEM (Digital Elevation Model) by using AutoCAD,and then formed a spatial database for analyzing the elevation,slope and aspect of landforms in Aoshan Park,finally obtained the overall planning strategy for such complicated landforms,that is,a modern urban park in mountainous areas with excellent ecological and social benefits.By elaborating detailed landscape planning of Aoshan Park,including planning concept,spatial sequence of landscapes,organization of roads and scenic routes,the expectation of taking such urban parks into the urban green space system was proposed.

Research on Vegetation Recovery of Mountainous Parks in City-and-town Concentration Areas in China

Based on the analysis of features and problems of green lands in mountainous parks in towns concentration areas,the paper has illustrated the significance for vegetations'recovery.By taking Tashan Park in Neijiang City for example,it has investigated the eco-environment and vegetations of this park.The results show that its terrain is precipitous,eco-environment is weak,slope vegetation is less,rocks'exposing rate is high and community structure is simple.In view of the survey results,it has proposed two methods for vegetation recovery that are natural recovery and artificial recovery.In particular,it has explored how to conduct vegetation recovery on green lands of different gradients of slopes by using plants'selection and community disposition.

A new method for comprehensive division of mountainous area: taking Huaihua City as an example

This paper summarizes principles and measures of comprehensive division of mountainous areas, as well as clarifies meaning, structure, function and path established for the map and file information visibility system (MFIVS). And then, taking Huaihua City of Hunan Province as an example, and based on the MFIVS means, concrete attempts on regionalization are carried out. The result is relatively objective and accurate, which illuminates that the method is a comprehensive one with the characteristics of concision, applicability and effectiveness.

Spatial Development Explorations of Middle- and Small-sized Mountainous Cities: A Case Study of Shangluo City, China

Spatial structural features of middle- and small-sized mountainous cities in China were analyzed. Taking Shangluo City for example, problems in the spatial planning of middle- and small-sized mountainous cities were explored, it was stressed that local characteristics should be respected to make plans reasonably, and handle the spatial transition between urban and rural areas properly, so as not to lose the originality of rural areas during the urbanization. The study aimed at providing useful experience for the urbanization.

Research on Flora in Qingxiu Mountain Scenic Area in Nanning City

Qingxiu Mountain Scenic Area is a famous tourism destination in Nanning City.Based on site survey,identification and data sorting for many years,the features of plant flora in Qingxiu Mountain Scenic Area were analyzed as below:① There are totally 1 431 species of vascular plant species,belonging to 752 genera and 174 families(including varieties,cultivated variations and variants,the same as below),among which there are 48 species of fern,belonging to 36 genera and 21 families,42 species of gymnosperm,belonging to 14 genera and 8 families,1 341 species of angiosperm,belonging to 702 genera and 145 families;② There are diversified species dominated by introduced and cultivated species;③ Relatively simple geographical components,mostly are tropical and subtropical regions;④ Being located in the transitional zone of tropical and subtropical regions with obvious tropical marginality;⑤ Most of the introduced species are rare and endangered ones,rarely are unique or ancient species.

Planning strategy of gully areas in mountainous cities adapting to ecological process

With the expansion of mountainous cities,many gully areas have been included in the scope of urban construction land.These gully areas will restrict urban construction because of sensitivity and instability caused by the unique ecological processes.This paper attempts to explore a planning and design strategy that combines ecological processes to reduce the risk of urban construction in gully areas.According to the ecological characteristics of gully areas,especially its suitability for urban construction,gully areas can be divided into three categories in the mountainous city:prevention and controlling gully—focusing on gully drainage;conservation gully—focusing on the construction of green space;utilization type gully—focusing on the development of gully towns.The utilization type gully can be used as urban construction land.For utilization type gullies,horizontal and vertical segmented planning strategies can adopt their respective ecological processes by land utilization,landscape construction,spatial layout and traffic organization matching the time-space natural process to form harmony human settlements.

重庆DMA构建模式探索与实践

为构建供水管网漏损管控体系,降低管网漏损率,重庆结合山地城市地形高差大、供水范围广、供水管网复杂、外部条件恶劣的区域特点,使用干管+独立子网的方式,构建了山地城市组团供水管网DMA。在北碚DMA示范区的实际运用中,通过专项研究体系以及科技部国家重点研发计划课题成果的指导,摸索出一整套数据分析方法,从而实现了对该区域管网的精准监控,区域漏损率降低到7.22%。

郑州浅山区村落街巷微气候影响机制分析

【目的】探究村落街巷空间微气候的影响因素与调节机制,创造更加舒适的夏季微气候环境,减少能源消耗,提升农村居民生活品质。【方法】以郑州市浅山区典型村落的90个街巷样地为研究对象,通过实地调研和无人机测绘等方式采集数据,利用ENVI-met软件建立样地实况模型对微气候参数进行模拟,借助统计学分析方法探究街巷高宽比、街巷走向、植被覆盖度3项要素与街巷微气候的影响机制。【结果】1)高宽比(height-width ratio,H/W)主要通过降低平均太阳辐射温度(mean radiant temperature,MRT)来调节夏季街巷空间的微气候;植被覆盖度(fractional vegetation cover,FAC)主要通过增加相对湿度进而调节夏季街巷空间的微气候;而空气温度(air temperature,TA)、相对湿度(relative humidity,RH)、平均太阳辐射温度均会受到街巷走向的影响;2)通过极差分析可得,当高宽比达到1.1后,即可有效缩短街巷处于“极端”热应激等级的时间;3)在村内单位面积植被覆盖度≥10%时,通过和街巷高宽比结合设计的方式可最大程度地发挥植被增湿降温作用;4)南北走向(North-South direction,N-S)的街巷内夏季的空气温度、相对湿度、平均太阳辐射温度均优于东西走向(East-West direction,E-W)。【结论】街巷高宽比、街巷走向、植被覆盖度对郑州浅山区村落街巷微气候的影响机制各不相同,三者之间具有一定的关联性且存在最佳阈值。可从微气候的角度对村落街巷空间进行改造和设计,提升乡村人居环境品质的规划设计策略,为相同地理环境下的村落改造提供参考借鉴。

山地城市崖壁景观特征及保护利用策略——以重庆两江四岸区域为例

【目的】崖壁作为山地城市重要的地域性景观之一,在城市意象、社会生活和相关城市职能中发挥着重要作用。新时代背景下,崖壁景观的地位和角色也逐渐发生变化。崖壁景观的可持续发展于城市及其本身都具有重要意义,然而目前关于崖壁景观的系统性认知比较匮乏。【方法】以崖壁景观分布集中的重庆两江四岸区域为例,综合运用实地调查、史料梳理、ArcGIS空间分析等手段对山地城市崖壁景观特征及保护利用途径进行深入调查和讨论。【结果】两江四岸区域崖壁景观在总体空间分布上呈现依附山形地势与滨江临水两大特征;在空间形态上可划分为自然崖壁、人工介入崖壁,人工崖壁3种类型,自然崖壁生境类型丰富多样,人工介入崖壁和人工崖壁则相对单一;崖壁景观提供了多元复合的功能空间,是重要的人文景观载体。【结论】从崖壁空间功能转型、周边资源整合利用和自然生境保育3个方面提出崖壁景观的可持续发展策略,为山地城市崖壁景观的保护和开发利用提供参考。

基于GIS技术的山地小城镇雨洪灾害风险评估

在快速城镇化和工业化背景下,城市的自然灾害风险日益暴露,尤其是雨洪灾害问题日益突出。针对巩义市近年来不断发生的洪涝灾害,基于自然灾害风险评估理论,构建以致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境孕险性、承灾体易损性、防灾减灾能力为评价因子的雨洪灾害风险模型,共选取14个指标进行定量分析,运用SCS模型和GIS空间分析功能,最终得出巩义市雨洪灾害综合风险区划图。结果表明:巩义市米河镇、回郭镇、芝田镇、孝义街道等地区致灾因子危险性较大;北部、西部和东部包括河洛镇、孝义街道、回郭镇、芝田镇、米河镇等孕灾环境孕险性较高;西部和中部承灾体易损性较大,包括回郭镇、芝田镇、站街镇等;北部整体防灾减灾能力较强,包括站街镇、紫荆路街道等地区。综合来说,巩义市雨洪灾害总体风险等级较高,高风险区主要分布在中部偏北和西部,呈带状分布。

不同降雨和植被类型下径流小区产流产沙特征分析

基于滨海水土保持监测站大套坡面径流小区2022—2023年监测资料,利用双累积曲线、Pearson相关性分析等方法,探讨盐城市北方土石山区在不同降雨条件下不同植被类型对径流泥沙的影响,并进行水土保持措施防治效益评价,旨在为本区域水土流失预防和建设良好的生态环境提供了技术支撑。

兰州新区平山造城竣工后地表形变InSAR时序监测与分析

兰州新区是西北地区发展的重要窗口,近年来其大范围的平山造城导致不同程度的地面沉降,严重威胁了新区的经济社会发展。以兰州新区为研究对象,利用小基线集干涉测量(small baseline subset interferometric synthetic aperture radar,SBAS-InSAR)技术对覆盖研究区2017-05—2021-02的58景升轨Sentinel-1A影像数据进行处理,获得研究区地面沉降的分布特征及时空演化规律,并通过野外实地调查验证了SBAS-InSAR的测量结果,探讨了影响地面沉降的相关因素。结果表明,兰州新区地面沉降主要集中于平山造城的区域,面积约33.5 km2,最大沉降速率为−68 mm/a。地面沉降在空间上随着挖填方工程的开展向新区的东南方向发育,且地表呈长期持续的沉降过程。地面沉降与平山造城工程、挖填方厚度、地质、道路等多种因素密切相关,其中平山造城工程控制地面沉降的范围,填土厚度则控制了地面沉降的量级,而人工填土的性质是引起地面沉降的内在因素,同时道路建设会加快地面沉降的过程。研究结果可为新区的持续安全发展和城市规划建设提供科学依据。

喀斯特山区城镇村用地时空演变特征分析——以七星关区为例

以七星关区为例采用GIS空间分析、核密度和年变化率等方法分析喀斯特山区城镇村用地时空演变特征。结果表明:七星关区城镇村用地大范围演变且时序性和空间差异性特征显著,其中城市用地和中心城区及其东部地区演变最为剧烈;七星关区城镇村用地时空演变存在较强的空间自相关性,属于强集聚分布格局,演变热点区表现为鲜明的工业和开发区建设指向、冷点区表现为明显的自然地理环境指向。研究成果为喀斯特山区城乡空间重构和国土空间规划提供科学支撑和决策依据。

“自然-人文”融合视角下的西南山区小流域划分与整合

【目的】采用“自然-人文”融合的视角,结合人文要素界定小流域划分阈值,强化小流域划分研究的人文特征,为以小流域为基本单元的山区开展国土空间开发和社会经济建设提供区划方案支持。【方法】根据小流域自然水文过程和人文属性因素,利用流域面积法结合均值变点法及边界重叠度概念,以我国西南山区为例,对研究区内6个流域试验区进行小流域划分阈值测算,在得到最佳阈值的基础上,对西南山区以小流域为单元进行划分,并整合划分结果,分析、整合结果的数量与空间特征,提出一种山区小流域划分的融合方法。【结果】①西南山区小流域划分的最佳阈值为30.00 km^(2);②西南山区小流域数量为16075个,面积范围为25.07~431.82 km^(2);③从面积来看,小于50.00 km^(2)的小流域为8702个,占比54.13%,介于50.00~100.00 km^(2)的小流域为5358个,占比33.33%,大于100.00 km^(2)的小流域为2015个,占比12.53%,基本符合当前水利部要求。【结论】通过西南山区实测验证,本研究提出的山区小流域划分与整合方法在结果上能体现小流域的自然与人文属性特征,较好符合当前山区组织单元管理的需要,可为山区小流域区划提供方法借鉴。

高质量发展视角下黄河流域国土空间分区规划策略与实践——以济南市南部山区为例

从高质量发展视角切入,分析国土空间分区规划的发展历程及目标定位,针对国土空间要素多元化、空间协同化等特征,提出系统集成的规划理念,以及生态保护、文化复兴、产业提质、城乡友好“四位一体”的规划策略和切实可行的规划实施路径。以济南市南部山区国土空间分区规划为例,分析高质量发展背景下区域面临的瓶颈,指出编制南部山区国土空间分区规划的迫切性,并紧扣地域资源特征与存在问题,探索建立要素集成、融合高质量发展的规划策略,旨在对同类地区的规划工作有所启示。

农业机械化对山区农户收入的影响机制分析——基于浙江省山区26县的面板数据

农业机械化对山区农户收入的影响机制以及如何促进山区农业机械化水平的提升,仍然是共同富裕进程中一个值得思考的问题。基于2007—2020年浙江省山区26县的面板数据,运用FGLS法检验农业机械化对山区农户收入的影响。结果表明:①山区农业机械化主要通过劳动力转移促进农户工资性收入的提升;②小型农业机械的数量对农户收入具有显著的正向影响,使用小型农业机械有利于山区农户收入的提升;③通过调节效应检验发现,地形对于农业机械化促进农户收入提升具有正向作用,即便存在地形条件的约束,山区农业机械化水平的提高依旧能够显著增加农户收入。浙江省山区26县应采用适合山区丘陵作业的小型农业机械,提高山区土地集约化利用水平,以及加强农业基础设施建设,以促进浙江省山区26县农业农村现代化和实现共同富裕。

基于生态水文变异特征的济南南部山区河流生态需水研究

[目的]开展基于生态水文变异特征的山东省济南市南部山区河流生态需水研究,为区域水资源综合管理和生态保护,加强黄河流域生态保护,促进黄河流域可持续发展提供理论依据。[方法]收集1979—2021年黄河下游济南南部山区的崮山站(北大沙河)和卧虎山站(玉符河)的径流量数据,采用累积距平法,Mann-Kendall(M-K)检验法,滑动T检验法,双累积曲线法多种统计分析方法,分析径流突变点;结合IHA-RVA法,研究济南南部山区河流径流变异特征和生态需水;通过分析河流生态需水满足度,研究区域生态水文和生态需水变异的主要影响因素,提出济南南部山区生态需水的保障措施。[结果]北大沙河和玉符河的径流量突变点为1996年,整体水文改变度分别为72.75%和69.42%,均属高度改变;北大沙河和玉符河的年生态需水分别为1.47×10^(6),1.81×10^(6) m^(3)。总体上,北大沙河月生态需水满足度平均为32.35%,玉符河月生态需水满足度平均为60.42%。[结论]济南南部山区在突变前后水文变异较大,总体的生态需水满足度整体偏低,可从河流生态调度和提高水资源利用效率方面加强河流生态需水保障。

生态安全视角下山地-平原型城市土地利用冲突区分级识别

山地—平原型城市的土地利用冲突区识别对于预防区域生态系统失稳至关重要。从生态安全视角出发,以西安市长安区为例,融合生态系统服务重要性-生态敏感性-景观连通性的多维评价方法构建生态安全格局;通过生态安全格局与人为活动区域(耕地、建设用地)的叠合分析识别冲突区,并据此制定管控策略。结果表明:1)长安区共识别生态源地79处(总面积867.57 km^(2)),潜在生态廊道178条(总长258.59 km);2)土地利用冲突类型被细分为12类,分布于秦岭北麓山前区域以及主要流域中下游;3)根据冲突区分级结果,划定不同级别的冲突管控区,即一级管控区(建设用地/耕地与生态源地等冲突)、二级管控区(与中安全缓冲区冲突)、三级管控区(与高安全缓冲区冲突)并制定相应级别的管控策略。因此,本研究在提升冲突区识别准确性的同时减少了土地利用冲突发生,这种差异化管理有助于管控实施的针对性和落地性。

浅山区典型小流域土壤重金属影响因素及来源分析

本次研究调查了平泉市瀑河流域不同岩性岩石及所形成的土壤中8种重金属元素及相关氧化物的含量,分析了浅山区典型小流域土壤重金属元素影响因素及来源,以期为京津冀水源涵养生态修复提供理论支撑。通过选取表层、深层土壤和成土母岩中的重金属元素为研究对象,以土壤重金属含量为基础,以空间分布为依据,并结合区域地质背景,采用多项统计方法深入分析其影响因素及来源。结果显示,研究区表层与深层的土壤重金属元素含量较为相近,且其空间分布具有耦合性,在垂向分布上,重金属元素在表层土壤和成土母岩中的相关系数为负值,而在深层土壤和成土母岩中的相关系数为正值。该结果表明,在表层土壤中,Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn和Pb等主要来源于成土母岩,而Cd、Hg和As等则受控于矿业开采的影响;在深层土壤中,8种重金属元素的主要来源是成土母岩,而Cd和As则受成土母岩和人为因素的共同影响。