Therapeutic potential of small interfering RNAs/micro interfering RNA in hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the predominant form of primary liver cancer and represents the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Current available therapeutic approaches are poorly effective,especially for the advanced forms of the disease. In the last year,short double stranded RNA molecules termed small interfering RNAs(si RNAs) and micro interfering RNAs(mi RNA),emerged as interesting molecules with potential therapeutic value for HCC. The practical use of these molecules is however limited by the identification of optimal molecular targets and especially by the lack of effective and targeted HCC delivery systems. Here we focus our discussion on the most recent advances in the identification of si RNAs/mi RNAs molecular targets and on the development of suitable si RNA/mi RNAs delivery systems.

Micro electrical discharge machining of small hole in TC4 alloy

Aiming at machining deeply small holes in TC4 alloy,a series of experiments were carried out on a self-developed multi-axis micro electrical discharge machining(micro-EDM)machine tool.To improve machining efficiency and decrease relative wear of electrode in machining deeply small hole in TC4 alloy,many factors in micro-EDM,such as polarity,electrical parameters and supplying ways of working fluid were studied.Experimental results show that positive polarity machining is far superior to negative polarity machining;it is more optimal when open-circuit voltage,pulse width and pulse interval are 130 V,5μs and 15μs respectively on the self developed multi-axis micro-EDM machine tool;when flushing method is applied in micro-EDM,the machining efficiency is higher and relative wear of electrode is smaller.

Empirical Research on the Credit Demand and Credit Behavior of Small and Micro Enterprises

This article uses discriminant sampling method to select 1062 small and micro enterprises from 25 provinces in China. Researches were conducted on their credit demand and credit behavior, with the Probit model to carry out metrologic tests on influential factors of these enterprises' credit demand and credit behavior.The metrologic analysis shows: Literacy level of leader, asset size, annual revenue of the enterprises have significantly positive effects on the credit demand of these small and micro enterprises. Annual revenue has significantly negative influence on overall credit behavior and the occurrence of informal financial behavior, but significantly positive influence on the occurrence of formal financial behavior. Literacy level of staff and asset size of enterprises have significantly positive influence on the occurrence of the overall credit behavior of small and micro enterprises.

The Importance of Cultural Intelligence for Leader to Communicate Effectively: Case Study in Micro Small Medium Enterprises

Micro Small Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia play huge part of national economic development because MSMEs can reduce unemployment rate. But, it is not easy to manage MSMEs well so it can be sustainable. There are some reasons why MSMEs are difficult to sustain, i.e., good management people by communicate effectively. Authors believe that one of important ability that owners, as a leader, must have in order to communicate effectively is cultural intelligence. Even in MSMEs, cultural intelligence plays important part because employees in MSMEs are diverse. They come from different region (mean having different tradition) and have different level of education. Methodology that is used in this article is qualitative method, and techniques of data collection are interview and observation. Technique of choosing informant is purposive and convenience while data analysis is using content analysis. The result of this study shows that leaders in MSMEs already have cultural intelligence to communicate with their employee. Leaders who have cultural intelligence can choose right method to communicate effectively with their employee.

Capital Structure of Start-ups： Evidence on Non-accounting Characteristics

Research is scarce on non-financial characteristics, including owner characteristics and their influences on capital structure in the establishment phase. The objective of this study is to examine the factors affecting firms＇ availability of external finance, utilizing a sample of Finnish start-up micro firms. The overall purpose is not to produce a comprehensive model for capital structure, but to illustrate the importance of non-accounting characteristics in explaining the attractiveness of the new venture from the lender＇s point of view. The results show that a founder who has prior work experience from the same sector and has little or no personal financial property seems to have higher leverage. After splitting the data into survived and failed firms, lenders viewed work experience positively only in the sample of failed firms. In addition, limited liability companies, firms located in bigger cities, and firms with good demand evaluated by the lender have a lower level of leverage.

Measuring the Degree of Innovation in Retail and Services Micro and Small Enterprises

Micro and small enterprises （MSEs） are considered the most dynamic and flexible arrangement of activity. In the economy, the foundation and development of these features is important for the creation of the so-called ＂normal＂ economic environment. The main objective of this research is to present a research model of innovation in MSEs to analyse： first, the degree of innovation of MSEs, and second, how the innovation is handled by existing MSEs as a result of its business environment. The research made is based on a sample of 550 MSEs distributed over six cities across the Brazilian State of Piaui. The data were collected using the Innovation Radar application, which is owned by the SEBRAE Local Innovation Agents program. Statistical techniques of descriptive, exploratory, and inferential nature were used for corresponding data treatment and results validation. The results obtained suggest that MSEs have innovation capacity between the ＂Little Innovative＂ and ＂Occasional Innovative＂ range, and also that the average and the distribution of innovation levels are similar amongst MSEs analyzed.

Countermeasures of Financing Difficulties of Small and Micro Enterprises in China

Financing difficult problem has seriously restricted the further development of small and micro enterprises in our country. This paper analyzes and discusses the Countermeasures of the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises in our country from two aspects of the external environment and internal self.

Research on the Influence Degree and Effect of Support on Innovation Incentives for R&D Personnel in Micro and Small Enterprises:An Empirical Study based on the China Micro and Small Enterprise Survey(CMES)

In this study,the influence degree and effect of support on innovation incentives for research and development(R&D)personnel in micro and small enterprises(MSEs)were explored based on the CMES data.We found that government support will increase the R&D wage and widen the gap between R&D wage and staff wage,especially for small,non-high-tech enterprises with strict financing constraints.Furthermore,taking the wage gap as a mediator,we concluded that support would widen the wage gap and increase management innovation rather than technological innovation in MSEs because the wage premium of R&D personnel is the main driver for the increase of management innovation.The findings of this study provide useful enlightenment for China to implement an innovation-driven strategy and build an innovative country.

Financing of small and micro enterprises based on P2B net loan mode

Small and micro enterprises play an extremely important role in the realization of employment, independent innovation,increasing taxes and so on, It is an important part of national economic development in China. Although the government has introduced a series of supportive policies, but small and micro enterprises arc still faced with many development problems, small and micro enterprises face an important problem is financing difficulty, which relates to its health, sustainable and stable development. This paper analyzes the financing problem of small and micro enterprises from the new net loan mode of P2B, hoping to benefit the development of small and micro enterprises.

Untethered Micro/Nanorobots for Remote Sensing:Toward Intelligent Platform

Untethered micro/nanorobots that can wirelessly control their motion and deformation state have gained enormous interest in remote sensing applications due to their unique motion characteristics in various media and diverse functionalities.Researchers are developing micro/nanorobots as innovative tools to improve sensing performance and miniaturize sensing systems,enabling in situ detection of substances that traditional sensing methods struggle to achieve.Over the past decade of development,significant research progress has been made in designing sensing strategies based on micro/nanorobots,employing various coordinated control and sensing approaches.This review summarizes the latest developments on micro/nanorobots for remote sensing applications by utilizing the self-generated signals of the robots,robot behavior,microrobotic manipulation,and robot-environment interactions.Providing recent studies and relevant applications in remote sensing,we also discuss the challenges and future perspectives facing micro/nanorobots-based intelligent sensing platforms to achieve sensing in complex environments,translating lab research achievements into widespread real applications.

A Study on Improving the Financing Environment of Small and Micro Enterprises-Based on Taizhou Model

China’s small and micro enterprises have always had the typical characteristics of“five,six,seven,eight,nine,”which are important supports to expand employment and improve people’s livelihood.However,the current proportion of these enterprises in obtaining bank loans does not commensurate with the proportion of small,medium,and micro enterprises in the total economic aggregate.The financing dilemma of small and micro enterprises still exists.In consideration of the financing status of small and micro enterprises,this study analyzes the constraints of small and micro enterprises in financing,such as the difficulty in mortgage,difficulty in obtaining loans,and difficulty in guaranteeing.This study sorts out Taizhou’s practical experience and links its operation mechanism of“two platforms,one fund,and one index.”Finally,by learning from its successful experience,how to utilize the environment and the trend of big data will be further discussed,so as to form a scalable and sustainable financing method and path.This will provide a reference for improving the financing environment of small and micro enterprises.

离子造影剂增强Micro-CT扫描对大鼠关节软骨形态的定量分析

利用Micro-CT技术的较高分辨精度,探索一种新的测量小动物关节软骨形态的方法,为进一步利用小动物模型开展关节软骨的损伤和退变等研究提供基础。选择不同浓度的造影剂及Micro-CT扫描条件,通过造影剂对比增强Micro-CT扫描大鼠膝关节,对大鼠股骨远端关节软骨进行手动分割、重建,得到软骨3D模型,利用重建得到的3D模型,对软骨的厚度和体积等形态学参数进行无创定量分析。根据造影剂、软骨和软骨下骨对X射线吸收的平均相对衰减值差异,确定30%的离子造影剂浓度为最佳。利用该浓度对4个不同的正常大鼠关节软骨进行扫描和重建,分析获得关节软骨的体积和厚度,并求得关节软骨体积和厚度的变异系数均方根分别为7.3%和6.1%。结果提示,利用造影剂增强Micro-CT扫描能够对软骨形态重要参数厚度、体积等进行定量评价。

高分辨率小动物Micro Insert PET系统的模拟研究

在西门子Micro PET小动物成像系统中接入高分辨率的Insert探测器环,组成了Micro Insert PET系统,可以进一步提高小动物PET系统的图像分辨率。本文采用蒙特卡罗模拟软件GATE定义Focus-220小动物PET和Micro Insert两种系统,在同步仿真运算中,给出了三种类型的符合数据,即PET Scanner和PET Scanner之间的符合、PET Scanner和Insert之间的符合、Insert和Insert之间的符合。用滤波反投影算法重建了Na-22单点源模型、多点源模型、LZU模型的PET图像。其中,多点源模型的径向图像分辨率的仿真结果与美国华盛顿大学的Micro Insert实验数据,在忽略正电子射程、非线性效应项以及噪声等的贡献下,两者符合得很好。研究表明,使用Micro Insert系统能够将小动物PET系统的图像分辨率提高到亚毫米水平。

MicroRNA在非小细胞肺癌的诊断、治疗和预后评估中的作用

肺癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,居全球癌症死亡的首位。肺癌预后差的原因是缺乏有效的早期诊断方法及治疗手段。微小核糖核酸（Micro RNA,miRNA）是一种大小为18~23个碱基的非编码单链小分子RNA。近年研究发现,miRNA在肺癌的发生发展发挥着重要作用。本文对miRNA在非小细胞肺癌的诊断、治疗和预后判断中的作用做一综述。

隧道超挖超耗管控措施研究

隧道的超挖超耗管控是绿色低碳时代背景下工程界最关心的难题,对施工企业的成本控制和效益提升具有重要意义。以武两高速XFS隧道为背景,系统总结了隧道超挖超耗的10类影响因素和常见对策,包括围岩条件、施工参数、测量放样、爆破方案、钻孔质量、喷射混凝土回弹率、预留变形量、物资设备性能、作业人员水平和现场施工管控。分析了XFS隧道超挖超耗的原因,并制定了加强地质预报和超前支护施作,减小开挖进尺;动态调整爆破方案,严格炮孔质量检查;引入超细改性硅微粉优化配合比,提高喷射工艺水平;加强现场施工管控,制定超挖超耗管控办法,落实作业人员的激励奖惩等措施。措施执行后,XFS隧道平均超挖由30.1 cm降低至16.6 cm,综合超耗由173.7%降低至100.7%。

基于随机森林算法的小鼠micro-CT影像中骨骼关节特征点定位

随着小动物成像技术的发展,技术人员每天需要处理的小动物影像数量急剧增长,这使得自动化的小动物图像分析方法成为迫切的需求。在小鼠图像分析方面,小鼠灵活多变的身体姿态给自动化的图像分析带来困难。基于随机森林算法实现小鼠micro-CT图像中骨骼关节点的自动定位,为解决小鼠影像中身体姿态的自动识别打下基础。该算法主要分3步:先通过分类随机森林算法得到小鼠骨骼关节点的粗定位,再通过回归随机森林算法进一步减小定位误差,最后通过图匹配的方法在备选点中挑选正确位置上的关节点。对49例不同身体姿态的小鼠全身三维micro-CT图像进行测试,全身关节点定位的成功率为98.27%,定位误差的中值为0.68 mm。同时验证联合使用分类与回归随机森林的必要性,并探究训练数据的数量对不同骨关节的识别效果的影响。研究为小鼠micro-CT影像中身体姿态的识别提供一种新方法,为后续的自动化图像配准、图像分割以及自动化图像测量提供重要的定位信息。

Attitude control for part actuator failure of agile small satellite

The stability and singularity problem of agile small satellite （ASS） with actuator failure is discussed in this paper. Firstly, the three-axis stabilized controller of an ASS is designed, where micro control moment gyros （MCMG＇s） in pyramid configuration （PC） is used as the actuator. By using the same controller and steering law, the control results before and after one gyro fails are compared by simulation. The variation of singular momentum envelope before and after one gyro fails is also compared. The simulation results show that the failure intensively decreases the capacity of output torque, which leads to the emergence of more singular points and the rapid saturation of MCMG＇s. Finally, the parameters of system controller are changed to compare the control effect.

Small RNA- and DNA-based gene therapy for the treatment of liver cirrhosis, where we are?

Chronic liver diseases with different aetiologies rely on the chronic activation of liver injuries which result in a fibrogenesis progression to the end stage of cirrhosis and liver failure.Based on the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of a liver fibrosis,there has been proposed several kinds of approaches for the treatment of liver fibrosis.Recently,liver gene therapy has been developed as an alternative way to liver transplantation,which is the only effective therapy for chronic liver diseases.The activation of hepatic stellate cells,a subsequent release of inflammatory cytokines and an accumulation of extracellular matrix during the liver fibrogenesis are the major obstacles to the treatment of liver fibrosis.Several targeted strategies have been developed,such as antisense oligodeoxynucleotides,RNA interference and decoy oligodeoxynucleotides to overcome this barriers.With this report an overview will be provided of targeted strategies for the treatment of liver cirrhosis,and particularly,of the targeted gene therapy using short RNA and DNA segments.

Design on a Multi-Sensor Integrated Attitude Determination System for Small UAVs

This paper discusses the design and implementation of a low cost multi-sensor integrated attitude determination system for small unmanned aerial vehicles( UAVs),which uses strapdown inertial navigation system( SINS) based on micro electromechanical system( MEMS) inertial sensors,commercial GPS receiver,and 3-axis magnetometer.MEMS-SINS initial attitude determination cannot be well performed for the reason that the MEMS inertial sensors biases are time-varying and poor repeatability,therefore in this paper the magnetometer and inclinometer are used to assist the MEMS-SINS initial attitude determination and MEMS inertial sensors field calibration.Furthermore,the attitude determination algorithms are presented to estimate the full attitude during GPS signal outage and non-accelerating situation.Additionally,the attitude information estimation results are compared with the reference of the non-magnetic marble platform and 3-axis turntable.Then the attitude estimation precision satisfies the requirement of attitude measurement for small UAVs during GPS signal outage and availability.Finally,the small UAV autonomous flight test results show that the low cost and real-time attitude determination system can yield continuous,reliable and effective attitude information for small UAVs.

Register Allocation Compilation Technique for ASIP in 5G Micro Base Stations

The currently available compilation techniques are for general computing and are not optimized for physical layer computing in 5G micro base stations.In such cases,the foreseeable data sizes and small code size are application specific opportunities for baseband algorithm optimizations.Therefore,the special attention can be paid,for example,the specific register allocation algorithm has not been studied so far.The compilation for kernel sub-routines of baseband in 5G micro base stations is our focusing point.For applications of known and fixed data size,we proposed a compilation scheme of parallel data accessing,while operands can be mainly allocated and stored in registers.Based on a small register group(48×32b),the target of our compilation scheme is the optimization of baseband algorithms based on 4×4 or smaller matrices,maximizing the utilization of register files,and eliminating the extra register data exchanging.Meanwhile,when data is allocated into register files,we used VLIW(Very Long Instruction Word)machine to hide the time of data accessing and minimize the cost of data accessing,thus the total execution time is minimum.Experiments indicate that for algorithms with small data size,the cost of data accessing and extra addressing can be minimized.