Rice stripe virus disease （RSVD） and rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease （RBSDVD） are two epidemic diseases in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province in the last decade. The authors investigated the disaster regulari...Rice stripe virus disease （RSVD） and rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease （RBSDVD） are two epidemic diseases in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province in the last decade. The authors investigated the disaster regularity, prevention and control technology of RSVD and RBSDVD systematically. The occurrence and virus transmission of SBPH and disaster regularity of virus diseases were studied; the resistance of some rice varieties was cleared; the effects of physical and agricultural measures such as insect net blocking, appropriate late sowing and plowing on controlling occurrence and virus transmission of SBPH were figured out; a hatch of chemical agents were screened, providing efficient and harmless pesticides for effective control against SBPH and prevention against virus diseases. A set of disaster control and mitigation technologies was proposed in this paper, which was practical, sustainable, and easy to operate for the local planting patterns.展开更多
The small brown planthopper(SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus Fallén(Homoptera: Delphacidae), is a serious pest of rice(Oryza sativa L.) in China. To understand the mechanisms of rice resistance to SBPH, defense resp...The small brown planthopper(SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus Fallén(Homoptera: Delphacidae), is a serious pest of rice(Oryza sativa L.) in China. To understand the mechanisms of rice resistance to SBPH, defense response genes and related defense enzymes were examined in resistant and susceptible rice varieties in response to SBPH infestation. The salicylic acid(SA) synthesis-related genes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL), NPR1, EDS1 and PAD4 were induced rapidly and to a much higher level in the resistant variety Kasalath than in the susceptible cultivar Wuyujing 3 in response to SBPH infestation. The expression level of PAL in the Kasalath rice at 12 h post-infestation(hpi) increased 7.52-fold compared with the un-infested control, and the expression level in Kasalath was 49.63, 87.18, 57.36 and 75.06 times greater than that in Wuyujing 3 at 24, 36, 48 and 72 hpi, respectively. However, the transcriptional levels of the jasmonic acid(JA) synthesis-related genes LOX and AOS2 in resistant Kasalath were significantly lower than in susceptible Wuyujing 3 at 24, 36, 48 and 72 hpi. The activities of the defense enzymes PAL, peroxidase(POD), and polyphenol oxidase(PPO) increased remarkably in Kasalath in response to SBPH infestation, and were closely correlated with the PAL gene transcript level. Our results indicated that the SA signaling pathway was activated in the resistant Kasalath rice variety in response to SBPH infestation and that the gene PAL played a considerable role in the resistance to SBPH.展开更多
Small brown planthopper(SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus Fallén) is an important vector of major crop pathogen rice stripe virus(RSV). Controlling SBPH population is an efficient approach to control RSV. Long non-cod...Small brown planthopper(SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus Fallén) is an important vector of major crop pathogen rice stripe virus(RSV). Controlling SBPH population is an efficient approach to control RSV. Long non-coding RNAs(lnc RNA) have been reported to block virus replication in hosts. However, the function of lnc RNAs in RSV infection and replication is still unknown. Here, we aimed to study regulatory mechanisms of lnc RNA in an immune system during RSV infection. First, lnc RNA genes were predicted from SBPH transcriptomes using a bioinformatics pipeline based on characteristics of lnc RNA. We identified 4 786 lnc RNA genes corresponding to 5 790 transcripts in SBPH from an RNA-Seq dataset of 15 transcriptomes. Differential expression analysis indicated that 3, 11, and 25 lnc RNA genes were highly expressed in gut, salivary gland, and ovary, respectively, of viruliferous SBPH(Student’s t-test, P<0.05). We randomly selected eight lnc RNAs for expression validation using quantitative real-time PCR, confirming the differential expression of these lnc RNAs between viruliferous and non-viruliferous SBPH. In summary, we present evidence that the expression of lnc RNA genes was induced by RSV infection, suggesting that RSV might be involved in the antivirus immune system in SBPH and participate in regulating the RSV replication mechanism. These data provide helpful information for future investigations of the interaction between lncRNA and RSV.展开更多
One hundred and thirty-eight rice accessions were screened for resistance to the small brown planthopper （SBPH） （Laodelphax striatellus Fallen） by the modified seedbox screening test. Twenty-five rice accessions w...One hundred and thirty-eight rice accessions were screened for resistance to the small brown planthopper （SBPH） （Laodelphax striatellus Fallen） by the modified seedbox screening test. Twenty-five rice accessions with different levels of resistance to SBPH were detected, accounting for 18.1% of the total accessions, which included 2 highly resistant, 9 resistant and 14 moderately resistant varieties. Compared with indica rice, japonica rice was more susceptible to SBPH. Antixenosis test, antibiosis test and correlation analysis were performed to elucidate the resistance mechanism. The resistant check Rathu Heenati （RHT）, highly resistant varieties Mudgo and Kasalath, and resistant variety IR36 expressed strong antixenosis and antibiosis against SBPH, indicating the close relationship between resistance level and these two resistance mechanisms in the four rice varieties. Antibiosis was the dominant resistance pattern in the resistant varieties Daorenqiao and Yangmaogu due to their high antibiosis but low antixenosis. Dular, ASD7 and Milyang 23 had relatively strong antixenosis and antibiosis, indicating the two resistance mechanisms were significant in these three varieties. The resistant DV85 expressed relatively high level of antixenosis but low antibiosis, whereas Zhaiyeqing 8 and Guiyigu conferred only moderate antibiosis and antixenosis to SBPH, suggesting tolerance in these three varieties. Antibiosis and antixenosis governed the resistance to SBPH in the moderately resistant accession 9311. Antixenosis was the main resistance type in V20A. Tolerance was considered to be an important resistance mechanism in Minghui 63 and Yangjing 9538 due to their poor antibiosis and antixenosis resistance. The above accessions with strong antibiosis or antixenosis were the ideal materials for the resistance breeding.展开更多
In order to preserve virus for identifying the resistance of rice varieties against rice black-streaked dwarf disease, a simple and reliable method was developed, through which virus-free small brown planthopper （SBP...In order to preserve virus for identifying the resistance of rice varieties against rice black-streaked dwarf disease, a simple and reliable method was developed, through which virus-free small brown planthopper （SBPH） acquired rice black-streaked dwarf virus （RBSDV） from frozen infected leaves and the virus was transmitted to healthy rice plants. The experimental results showed that SBPH could obtain RBSDV from frozen infected rice leaves and the virus could be transmitted to a susceptible rice variety. For the ability to acquire RBSDV and transmit the virus to healthy plants by SBPH, there was no significant difference between frozen infected leaves and in vitro infected leaves. The novel method could be applied to identification of rice variety resistance to rice black-streaked dwarf disease, facilitating the breeding process for rice black-streaked dwarf disease resistance.展开更多
基金Supported by Agricultural "Three-item" Project of Jiangsu Province "Promotion of Comprehensive Prevention and Control Technology of Major Pests and Diseases such as Rice Stripe Virus Disease" [SX(2005)029] & Agricultural "Three-item" Project of Jiangsu Province "Prevention and Control Technology of Rice Black-streaked Dwarf Virus Disease"[SX(2008)018] & Agricultural "Three-item" Project of Jiangsu Province "Integration and Popularization of Prevention and Control Technology of Rice Black-streaked Dwarf Virus Disease"[SX(2009)49]
文摘Rice stripe virus disease （RSVD） and rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease （RBSDVD） are two epidemic diseases in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province in the last decade. The authors investigated the disaster regularity, prevention and control technology of RSVD and RBSDVD systematically. The occurrence and virus transmission of SBPH and disaster regularity of virus diseases were studied; the resistance of some rice varieties was cleared; the effects of physical and agricultural measures such as insect net blocking, appropriate late sowing and plowing on controlling occurrence and virus transmission of SBPH were figured out; a hatch of chemical agents were screened, providing efficient and harmless pesticides for effective control against SBPH and prevention against virus diseases. A set of disaster control and mitigation technologies was proposed in this paper, which was practical, sustainable, and easy to operate for the local planting patterns.
基金sponsored by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (30971746)the Major Project for Breeding Genetically Modified Organisms (2009ZX08009-046B)
文摘The small brown planthopper(SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus Fallén(Homoptera: Delphacidae), is a serious pest of rice(Oryza sativa L.) in China. To understand the mechanisms of rice resistance to SBPH, defense response genes and related defense enzymes were examined in resistant and susceptible rice varieties in response to SBPH infestation. The salicylic acid(SA) synthesis-related genes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL), NPR1, EDS1 and PAD4 were induced rapidly and to a much higher level in the resistant variety Kasalath than in the susceptible cultivar Wuyujing 3 in response to SBPH infestation. The expression level of PAL in the Kasalath rice at 12 h post-infestation(hpi) increased 7.52-fold compared with the un-infested control, and the expression level in Kasalath was 49.63, 87.18, 57.36 and 75.06 times greater than that in Wuyujing 3 at 24, 36, 48 and 72 hpi, respectively. However, the transcriptional levels of the jasmonic acid(JA) synthesis-related genes LOX and AOS2 in resistant Kasalath were significantly lower than in susceptible Wuyujing 3 at 24, 36, 48 and 72 hpi. The activities of the defense enzymes PAL, peroxidase(POD), and polyphenol oxidase(PPO) increased remarkably in Kasalath in response to SBPH infestation, and were closely correlated with the PAL gene transcript level. Our results indicated that the SA signaling pathway was activated in the resistant Kasalath rice variety in response to SBPH infestation and that the gene PAL played a considerable role in the resistance to SBPH.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31701785 and 31760514)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (LZ18C060001)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M632481)the Postdoctoral Research Advanced Project of Zhejiang Province, China (ZJ20180120)
文摘Small brown planthopper(SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus Fallén) is an important vector of major crop pathogen rice stripe virus(RSV). Controlling SBPH population is an efficient approach to control RSV. Long non-coding RNAs(lnc RNA) have been reported to block virus replication in hosts. However, the function of lnc RNAs in RSV infection and replication is still unknown. Here, we aimed to study regulatory mechanisms of lnc RNA in an immune system during RSV infection. First, lnc RNA genes were predicted from SBPH transcriptomes using a bioinformatics pipeline based on characteristics of lnc RNA. We identified 4 786 lnc RNA genes corresponding to 5 790 transcripts in SBPH from an RNA-Seq dataset of 15 transcriptomes. Differential expression analysis indicated that 3, 11, and 25 lnc RNA genes were highly expressed in gut, salivary gland, and ovary, respectively, of viruliferous SBPH(Student’s t-test, P<0.05). We randomly selected eight lnc RNAs for expression validation using quantitative real-time PCR, confirming the differential expression of these lnc RNAs between viruliferous and non-viruliferous SBPH. In summary, we present evidence that the expression of lnc RNA genes was induced by RSV infection, suggesting that RSV might be involved in the antivirus immune system in SBPH and participate in regulating the RSV replication mechanism. These data provide helpful information for future investigations of the interaction between lncRNA and RSV.
文摘One hundred and thirty-eight rice accessions were screened for resistance to the small brown planthopper （SBPH） （Laodelphax striatellus Fallen） by the modified seedbox screening test. Twenty-five rice accessions with different levels of resistance to SBPH were detected, accounting for 18.1% of the total accessions, which included 2 highly resistant, 9 resistant and 14 moderately resistant varieties. Compared with indica rice, japonica rice was more susceptible to SBPH. Antixenosis test, antibiosis test and correlation analysis were performed to elucidate the resistance mechanism. The resistant check Rathu Heenati （RHT）, highly resistant varieties Mudgo and Kasalath, and resistant variety IR36 expressed strong antixenosis and antibiosis against SBPH, indicating the close relationship between resistance level and these two resistance mechanisms in the four rice varieties. Antibiosis was the dominant resistance pattern in the resistant varieties Daorenqiao and Yangmaogu due to their high antibiosis but low antixenosis. Dular, ASD7 and Milyang 23 had relatively strong antixenosis and antibiosis, indicating the two resistance mechanisms were significant in these three varieties. The resistant DV85 expressed relatively high level of antixenosis but low antibiosis, whereas Zhaiyeqing 8 and Guiyigu conferred only moderate antibiosis and antixenosis to SBPH, suggesting tolerance in these three varieties. Antibiosis and antixenosis governed the resistance to SBPH in the moderately resistant accession 9311. Antixenosis was the main resistance type in V20A. Tolerance was considered to be an important resistance mechanism in Minghui 63 and Yangjing 9538 due to their poor antibiosis and antixenosis resistance. The above accessions with strong antibiosis or antixenosis were the ideal materials for the resistance breeding.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program(Grant No.2010CB126203)Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(Grant No. 201003031)the National Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant Nos.BK2009325 and BK2010018)
文摘In order to preserve virus for identifying the resistance of rice varieties against rice black-streaked dwarf disease, a simple and reliable method was developed, through which virus-free small brown planthopper （SBPH） acquired rice black-streaked dwarf virus （RBSDV） from frozen infected leaves and the virus was transmitted to healthy rice plants. The experimental results showed that SBPH could obtain RBSDV from frozen infected rice leaves and the virus could be transmitted to a susceptible rice variety. For the ability to acquire RBSDV and transmit the virus to healthy plants by SBPH, there was no significant difference between frozen infected leaves and in vitro infected leaves. The novel method could be applied to identification of rice variety resistance to rice black-streaked dwarf disease, facilitating the breeding process for rice black-streaked dwarf disease resistance.
