Wave-Current Forces on Small Square Cylinders (Part I)

-Based on the extended Morison Equation and model tests, the in-line forces on small square cylinders caused by waves (regular and irregular) and currents are analyzed in detail in this paper. The hydrodynamic coefficient CD and Cu related to KC number and the effect of direction of wave incidence are also given, which can be used in engineering practice.

Untethered Micro/Nanorobots for Remote Sensing:Toward Intelligent Platform

Untethered micro/nanorobots that can wirelessly control their motion and deformation state have gained enormous interest in remote sensing applications due to their unique motion characteristics in various media and diverse functionalities.Researchers are developing micro/nanorobots as innovative tools to improve sensing performance and miniaturize sensing systems,enabling in situ detection of substances that traditional sensing methods struggle to achieve.Over the past decade of development,significant research progress has been made in designing sensing strategies based on micro/nanorobots,employing various coordinated control and sensing approaches.This review summarizes the latest developments on micro/nanorobots for remote sensing applications by utilizing the self-generated signals of the robots,robot behavior,microrobotic manipulation,and robot-environment interactions.Providing recent studies and relevant applications in remote sensing,we also discuss the challenges and future perspectives facing micro/nanorobots-based intelligent sensing platforms to achieve sensing in complex environments,translating lab research achievements into widespread real applications.

Improved Circularity Metrology of Small Cylindrical Workpieces by the Segmenting-stitching Technique

To address the alignment and measuring force problem in the segmenting-stitching technique for the circularity metrology of small cylindrical workpieces(diameter less than 1.5 mm and length less than 10 mm),a magnet combination jig method is proposed.A small round magnet is attached between the round magnetic jig and small cylinder,and the other end of the small cylindrical workpiece is attached to some cylindrical magnets.Thus,the smaller cylinder can be put in the V-groove and measured successfully with the magnet combination.For verifying the advantage of the magnet combination jig,four measurement quality evaluations are proposed:the circumferential deviation of neighbor arc contours,radial deviation of neighbor arc contours,angle of inclination between the V-groove and small cylinder,and curvature of the obtained arc.The results show that the matching coefficient is enhanced by 98%,the Euclidean distance of overlap parts of neighbor arc contours is reduced by 68%,the position error is reduced 27%,and the average curvature of the arc contours is improved.It can be concluded that the measuring quality can be enhanced prominently by this magnet combination method for the segmenting-stitching method.

Mathematical model for steady state current at ppo-modified micro-cylinder biosensors

A Mathemataical model for a modified micro- cylinder electrode in which polyphenol oxidase ( PPO) occurs for all values of the concentration of catechol and o-quinone is analysed. This model is based on system of reaction-diffusion Equations containing a non-linear term related to Michaelis Menten kinetics of the enzymatic reaction. Here a new analytical technique Homotopy Perturbation Method is used to solve the system of non-linear differential Equations that describe the diffusion coupled with a Michaelis-Menten kinetics law. Here we report an analytical expressions pretaining to the concentration of catechol and o-quinone and corresponding current in terms of dimensionless reaction-diffusion parameters in closed form. An excellent agreement with available limiting case is noticed.

Therapeutic potential of small interfering RNAs/micro interfering RNA in hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the predominant form of primary liver cancer and represents the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Current available therapeutic approaches are poorly effective,especially for the advanced forms of the disease. In the last year,short double stranded RNA molecules termed small interfering RNAs(si RNAs) and micro interfering RNAs(mi RNA),emerged as interesting molecules with potential therapeutic value for HCC. The practical use of these molecules is however limited by the identification of optimal molecular targets and especially by the lack of effective and targeted HCC delivery systems. Here we focus our discussion on the most recent advances in the identification of si RNAs/mi RNAs molecular targets and on the development of suitable si RNA/mi RNAs delivery systems.

Micro electrical discharge machining of small hole in TC4 alloy

Aiming at machining deeply small holes in TC4 alloy,a series of experiments were carried out on a self-developed multi-axis micro electrical discharge machining(micro-EDM)machine tool.To improve machining efficiency and decrease relative wear of electrode in machining deeply small hole in TC4 alloy,many factors in micro-EDM,such as polarity,electrical parameters and supplying ways of working fluid were studied.Experimental results show that positive polarity machining is far superior to negative polarity machining;it is more optimal when open-circuit voltage,pulse width and pulse interval are 130 V,5μs and 15μs respectively on the self developed multi-axis micro-EDM machine tool;when flushing method is applied in micro-EDM,the machining efficiency is higher and relative wear of electrode is smaller.

Effects of Cylinder Radius,Setover and Heel-Toe Difference on Cylinder-Flat Gauge of a Card

In order to provide manufacturers of carding machines and relevant accessories with theoretical references,how cylinder radius,setover and heel-toe difference affect cylinder-flat gauge of a carding machine was theoretically studied.The relationship between cylinder-flat gauge and cylinder radius,setover and heel-toe difference was geometrically discussed.Numerical calculation and illustration about the relationship were made with MATLAB in accordance with practical settings.A general formula about the relationship is derived.A concept,the small-gauge zone length,has been defined for the first time,and some relevant results thus obtained.Given setover and heel-toe difference,the greater the cylinder radius,the greater the average gauge.If a smaller overall cylinder-flat gauge is desirable,it is not necessary to emphasize the tangential direction of the heel of clothed surface to the cylinder.Their intersection within a small zone is acceptable.In many cases,small-gauge zone can reduce average gauge which may be helpful to the carding action;given cylinder radius and setover,the smaller the heel-toe difference,the more helpful to reduce the overall gauge;given cylinder radius and heel-toe difference,the small-gauge zone length will increase with the increase of setover,so does the difference between the smallest gauge and outlet gauge.

Empirical Research on the Credit Demand and Credit Behavior of Small and Micro Enterprises

This article uses discriminant sampling method to select 1062 small and micro enterprises from 25 provinces in China. Researches were conducted on their credit demand and credit behavior, with the Probit model to carry out metrologic tests on influential factors of these enterprises' credit demand and credit behavior.The metrologic analysis shows: Literacy level of leader, asset size, annual revenue of the enterprises have significantly positive effects on the credit demand of these small and micro enterprises. Annual revenue has significantly negative influence on overall credit behavior and the occurrence of informal financial behavior, but significantly positive influence on the occurrence of formal financial behavior. Literacy level of staff and asset size of enterprises have significantly positive influence on the occurrence of the overall credit behavior of small and micro enterprises.

The Importance of Cultural Intelligence for Leader to Communicate Effectively: Case Study in Micro Small Medium Enterprises

Micro Small Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia play huge part of national economic development because MSMEs can reduce unemployment rate. But, it is not easy to manage MSMEs well so it can be sustainable. There are some reasons why MSMEs are difficult to sustain, i.e., good management people by communicate effectively. Authors believe that one of important ability that owners, as a leader, must have in order to communicate effectively is cultural intelligence. Even in MSMEs, cultural intelligence plays important part because employees in MSMEs are diverse. They come from different region (mean having different tradition) and have different level of education. Methodology that is used in this article is qualitative method, and techniques of data collection are interview and observation. Technique of choosing informant is purposive and convenience while data analysis is using content analysis. The result of this study shows that leaders in MSMEs already have cultural intelligence to communicate with their employee. Leaders who have cultural intelligence can choose right method to communicate effectively with their employee.

Measuring the Degree of Innovation in Retail and Services Micro and Small Enterprises

Micro and small enterprises （MSEs） are considered the most dynamic and flexible arrangement of activity. In the economy, the foundation and development of these features is important for the creation of the so-called ＂normal＂ economic environment. The main objective of this research is to present a research model of innovation in MSEs to analyse： first, the degree of innovation of MSEs, and second, how the innovation is handled by existing MSEs as a result of its business environment. The research made is based on a sample of 550 MSEs distributed over six cities across the Brazilian State of Piaui. The data were collected using the Innovation Radar application, which is owned by the SEBRAE Local Innovation Agents program. Statistical techniques of descriptive, exploratory, and inferential nature were used for corresponding data treatment and results validation. The results obtained suggest that MSEs have innovation capacity between the ＂Little Innovative＂ and ＂Occasional Innovative＂ range, and also that the average and the distribution of innovation levels are similar amongst MSEs analyzed.

Countermeasures of Financing Difficulties of Small and Micro Enterprises in China

Financing difficult problem has seriously restricted the further development of small and micro enterprises in our country. This paper analyzes and discusses the Countermeasures of the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises in our country from two aspects of the external environment and internal self.

Research on the Influence Degree and Effect of Support on Innovation Incentives for R&D Personnel in Micro and Small Enterprises:An Empirical Study based on the China Micro and Small Enterprise Survey(CMES)

In this study,the influence degree and effect of support on innovation incentives for research and development(R&D)personnel in micro and small enterprises(MSEs)were explored based on the CMES data.We found that government support will increase the R&D wage and widen the gap between R&D wage and staff wage,especially for small,non-high-tech enterprises with strict financing constraints.Furthermore,taking the wage gap as a mediator,we concluded that support would widen the wage gap and increase management innovation rather than technological innovation in MSEs because the wage premium of R&D personnel is the main driver for the increase of management innovation.The findings of this study provide useful enlightenment for China to implement an innovation-driven strategy and build an innovative country.

Financing of small and micro enterprises based on P2B net loan mode

Small and micro enterprises play an extremely important role in the realization of employment, independent innovation,increasing taxes and so on, It is an important part of national economic development in China. Although the government has introduced a series of supportive policies, but small and micro enterprises arc still faced with many development problems, small and micro enterprises face an important problem is financing difficulty, which relates to its health, sustainable and stable development. This paper analyzes the financing problem of small and micro enterprises from the new net loan mode of P2B, hoping to benefit the development of small and micro enterprises.

A Study on Improving the Financing Environment of Small and Micro Enterprises-Based on Taizhou Model

China’s small and micro enterprises have always had the typical characteristics of“five,six,seven,eight,nine,”which are important supports to expand employment and improve people’s livelihood.However,the current proportion of these enterprises in obtaining bank loans does not commensurate with the proportion of small,medium,and micro enterprises in the total economic aggregate.The financing dilemma of small and micro enterprises still exists.In consideration of the financing status of small and micro enterprises,this study analyzes the constraints of small and micro enterprises in financing,such as the difficulty in mortgage,difficulty in obtaining loans,and difficulty in guaranteeing.This study sorts out Taizhou’s practical experience and links its operation mechanism of“two platforms,one fund,and one index.”Finally,by learning from its successful experience,how to utilize the environment and the trend of big data will be further discussed,so as to form a scalable and sustainable financing method and path.This will provide a reference for improving the financing environment of small and micro enterprises.

银行数字化转型对小微企业自主创新的影响——兼论数字金融的协同作用

银行数字化转型提高了金融服务质量与效率,这能否缓解实体经济融资约束,助力小微企业牵住自主创新的“牛鼻子”?本文构建理论模型刻画银行数字化转型对小微企业自主创新的影响,并采用爬虫技术获得超过18万条有关商业银行报道的新闻文本,创新地构造了地级市层面的银行数字化转型指数,将中国小微企业调查(CM ES)数据和银行数字化转型指数相匹配,实证检验银行数字化转型对小微企业自主创新的影响及其机制,并据此分析银行数字化转型与数字金融的协同作用。研究发现,银行数字化转型通过缓解企业融资约束的中介机制,显著驱动了小微企业自主创新。进一步研究发现,银行数字化转型与数字金融在驱动小微企业自主创新方面具有协同效应,数字金融水平越高,银行数字化转型的创新驱动效应越强。本文将制度环境划分为产权保护、产研结合、政策环境,通过异质性分析发现,在知识产权保护环境较好、社会平台协作度较高及经济政策不确定性较小的地区,银行数字化转型对小微企业自主创新的驱动作用更为显著。本研究为赋能银行数字化转型战略提供了支持证据,也为解决实体经济融资难问题、驱动自主创新、促进经济高质量发展提供了解决方案。

数字普惠金融服务小微企业融资研究--以全国首个小微企业数字征信实验区为例

数字普惠金融将数字技术与普惠金融深度融合,为纾解小微企业融资困境提供了可行的新路。根据对全国首个小微企业数字征信实验区的案例剖析和区内588家小微企业的问卷调查结果,小微企业融资行为符合普惠金融“短、小、频、急”的典型特征,融资方式以信用贷款为主,资金用途多样,但是信息和信用不对称制约其融资可得性。实验区以服务小微企业为中心,构建综合金融服务体系、全国首个区块链数字征信平台、金融科技创新监管试点“三位一体”的运行模式,充分发挥了数字普惠金融的赋能效应。但是,要复制、推广实验区的建设经验,仍面临一些制约因素,因此要完善相关法律法规,稳步扩大金融科技创新监管试点,深化数字技术和数据要素融合应用,探索构建全国互联互通的数字征信平台和数字普惠金融“元宇宙”,以期在更大范围更好地服务小微企业融资和实体经济高质量发展。

数字政府建设促进小微企业创业了吗?——来自浙江省中小企业公共服务平台的证据

数字政府建设是优化营商环境、激发市场活力的重要手段,在促进中小企业创业中发挥重要作用。政府数字化企业服务平台是应用最广的数字政府建设载体之一。本文以浙江省中小企业公共服务平台建成运营为准自然实验,结合浙江省小微企业注册数据,对数字政府建设的创业促进效应进行实证估计。结果发现,通过提供市场信息和匹配服务需求,浙江省中小企业公共服务平台建设降低了市场进入壁垒,促进了小微企业创业,且该创业促进效应在创业环境差的地区更显著。

民营小微外贸企业数字化转型升级的内在逻辑和实现途径——以社交媒体赋能促进新质生产力形成视角

企业规模门槛效应阻碍了小微企业数字化转型升级中新质生产力的形成,尤其是民营小微外贸企业受规模限制普遍对数字化转型升级抱有“用不起、不会用、不愿用”的消极态度。近年来,国外消费者通过社交媒体进行购物的新消费模式正在形成。社交媒体具有低成本、高覆盖和精准定位的特点,易于改造成为跨境信息传播、营销推广的重要平台,为民营小微外贸企业数字化转型升级带来了新视野,提供了新机遇。本文针对民营小微外贸企业“两大、四缺乏”的现状,揭示了数字化转型升级带来的“四升一降”效应,并提出利用信息获取与反馈、市场拓展与推广、跨境交流与合作等机制,企业通过建立专业化团队、制定清晰策略、优化线上渠道、加强客户沟通等路径,创新出“社交媒体数字营销+小微外贸企业生产”深度融合的外贸新模式,培育新质生产力,促进传统产业转型升级和高质量发展。

减税激励、企业投资与资本配置效率——来自小微企业的证据

小微企业是我国社会主义市场经济的重要参与主体,在促进经济发展、改善民生、增加就业等方面具有不可替代的作用。本文基于2010—2018年全国税收调查数据,采用双重差分方法,检验了企业所得税减半征收政策对小微企业投资行为的影响。研究表明,所得税减半征收通过增强小微企业的“投资动机”和“投资能力”促进企业固定资产投资的增加,并且所得税减半征收政策对非制造业、未享受政府补助企业和融资约束较强的小微企业投资的促进作用更为明显。进一步分析表明,所得税减半征收政策提升了小微企业的资本配置效率,增强了小微企业吸纳就业的能力,但并未增强小微企业的研发创新能力。总体而言,本文肯定了所得税减半征收政策对小微企业的积极影响,为完善小微企业税收优惠政策、推动经济社会高质量发展提供了有益参考。

我国小微企业融资问题与对策探究

历经四十多年的改革发展,我国公有制经济获得战果的同时,非公有制经济发展水平也明显提高,发展最快的当属小微企业。小微企业的优势是其具有灵活性,它可以依靠此优势调整运营机制,在维护市场竞争、提升就业率、改善和保障民生等方面发挥了作用。但是,小微企业整体实力弱、融资渠道少、融资成本高、融资环境差等问题一直阻碍它的发展。文章根据这种情况,主要针对目前中国小微企业融资现状进行分析,提出拓宽小微企业融资渠道、改善小微企业融资环境等对策。