Enhancing Private Healthcare Effectiveness in Lagos State, Nigeria: An Overview of the Effect of Quality Improvement Initiatives and Implications for Sustainable Healthcare Delivery

Background: Nigeria, a nation grappling with rapid population growth, economic intricacies, and complex healthcare challenges, particularly in Lagos State, the economic hub and most populous state, faces the challenge of ensuring quality healthcare access. The overview of the effect of quality improvement initiatives in this paper focuses on private healthcare providers in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study assesses the impact of donor-funded quality improvement projects on these private healthcare facilities. It explores the level of participation, perceived support, and tangible effects of the initiatives on healthcare delivery within private healthcare facilities. It also examines how these initiatives influence patient inflow and facility ratings, and bring about additional benefits and improvements, provides insights into the challenges faced by private healthcare providers in implementing quality improvement projects and elicits recommendations for improving the effectiveness of such initiatives. Methods: Qualitative research design was employed for in-depth exploration, utilizing semi-structured interviews. Private healthcare providers in Lagos involved in the SP4FP Quality Improvement Project were purposively sampled for diversity. Face-to-face interviews elicited insights into participation, perceived support, and project effects. Questions covered participation levels, support perception, changes observed, challenges faced, and recommendations. Thematic analysis identified recurring themes from interview transcripts. Adherence to ethical guidelines ensured participant confidentiality and informed consent. Results: Respondents affirmed active involvement in the SP4FP Quality Improvement Project, echoing literature emphasizing private-sector collaboration with the public sector. While acknowledging positive influences on facility ratings, respondents highlighted challenges within the broader Nigerian healthcare landscape affecting patient numbers. Respondents cited tangible improvements, particularly in staff management and patient care processes, validating the positive influence of quality improvement projects. Financial constraints emerged as a significant challenge, aligning with existing literature emphasizing the pragmatic difficulties faced by private healthcare providers. Conclusions: This study illuminates the complex landscape of private healthcare provision in Lagos State, emphasizing the positive impact of donor-funded quality improvement projects. The findings provide nuanced insights, guiding policymakers, healthcare managers, and practitioners toward collaborative, sustainable improvements. As Nigeria progresses, these lessons will be crucial in shaping healthcare policies prioritizing population well-being.

Discussion on Anti-Seepage Technologies in the Construction of Small-Scale Rural Water Conservancy Projects

In order to ensure the sustainable growth of rural economy,it is necessary to carry out further research on small-scale water conservancy projects and solve the seepage issue in rural areas.Based on the application significance of small-scale rural water conservancy projects and the analysis of anti-seepage technologies,along with specific examples,this paper specifically discusses the application of high-pressure jet technology,so as to provide reference for the development of engineering construction.

China Project “973”-Molecular Improvement of Cotton Fiber

Cotton is the main cash crop in China,and plays a very important and irreplaceable role in the national economy. With only 3% of total crop plant area,China accounts for over 10%

Statistical Analysis of Process Monitoring Data for Software Process Improvement and Its Application

Software projects influenced by many human factors generate various risks. In order to develop highly quality software, it is important to respond to these risks reasonably and promptly. In addition, it is not easy for project managers to deal with these risks completely. Therefore, it is essential to manage the process quality by promoting activities of process monitoring and design quality assessment. In this paper, we discuss statistical data analysis for actual project management activities in process monitoring and design quality assessment, and analyze the effects for these software process improvement quantitatively by applying the methods of multivariate analysis. Then, we show how process factors affect the management measures of QCD (Quality, Cost, Delivery) by applying the multiple regression analyses to observed process monitoring data. Further, we quantitatively evaluate the effect by performing design quality assessment based on the principal component analysis and the factor analysis. As a result of analysis, we show that the design quality assessment activities are so effective for software process improvement. Further, based on the result of quantitative project assessment, we discuss the usefulness of process monitoring progress assessment by using a software reliability growth model. This result may enable us to give a useful quantitative measure of product release determination.

Research and Implementation for License Plate Recognition Based on Improved Projection Algorithm

This paper analyzes and dissertates the discrete wavelet transform and improved projection algorithm in four kernel stages （image preprocessing, license plate localization, character segmentation, license plate recognition, i.e.） of license plate recognition system in detail. At last, it gives some conclusions and suggestions on future research.

Analysis of Adoption of Improved Groundnut Varieties in the Tropical Legume Project (TL III) States in Nigeria

Agricultural technologies and innovations play a great role in increasing productivity, alleviating and reducing poverty and contributing to economic development and this is made possible through adoption of improved technologies and innovations. This study centered on analysis of adoption of improved groundnut varieties in the Tropical Legume (TL III) States of Nigeria. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 1476 groundnut farmers in the project States and from whom primary data were collected using electronic data capturing instrument containing the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Average Treatment Effect (ATE) framework. The results showed that the breeding and promotion of improved groundnut varieties in Nigeria under the Tropical Legume Project and with the synergy of USAID groundnut up-scaling Project in Nigeria resulted in very high level of awareness of improved varieties, more than average level of access to the improved variety seeds, moderate level of utilization of the improved varieties among the groundnut farmers and the adoption rate of improved varieties increased from 8% at based line to 57% at the end of the project. The study recommends extension of the project to facilitate further access to these varieties and for state governments to take ownership of the projects in terms of financial commitments to promotional efforts for mass adoption by farmers.

θ-improved limited tolerance relation model of incomplete information system for evaluation of water conservancy project management modernization

The modernization of water conservancy project management is a complicated engineering system involving a management system, a management method, management personnel, the exertion of social, economic, and ecological effects, and so on. However, indices for evaluating the modernization of water conservancy project management are usually unobtainable in practical applications. Conducting appropriate extension of the classical rough set theory and then applying it to an incomplete information system are the key to the application of the rough set theory Based on analysis of some extended rough set models in incomplete information systems, a rough set model based on the θ-improved limited tolerance relation is put forward. At the same time, upper approximation and lower approximation are defined under this improved relation. According to the evaluation index system and management practices, the threshold for θ is defined. An example study indicates the practicability and maneuverability of the model.

Water Environmental Impact Assessment and Analysis of Foshan Brewery Project

In recent years, the beer industry is a biological food industry that consumes a lot of water, and it has developed rapidly in China. The sewage discharged from the mass production of beer poses a huge threat to the environment. In order to evaluate and better solve the possible environmental impacts of beer treatment engineering projects, a brewery project in Foshan City is taken as an example to investigate the water pollution generation links of the engineering process including surface water and groundwater. According to the relevant technical methods and standards, water pollution factors are screened, and concentration and discharge are monitored. Through comprehensive analysis, predictive evaluation is obtained. It is confirmed that the project meets the requirements of national laws and regulations and environmental protection standards.

中国情境下公共项目治理研究的缘起、发展与应用

我国公共项目建设取得了举世瞩目的成就,一系列公共项目已成为世界公共项目建设史上的标杆,对提升综合国力产生重要影响,公共项目治理理论也得到长足发展。然而,现有研究对其发展脉络、理论框架尚未给出清晰阐释,为后续研究和理论拓展带来困扰。因此,系统梳理其理论体系以指导学界精准应用公共项目治理理论指导工程实践,成为学界关注的重要议题。研究内容包括:(1)公共项目治理研究发轫于解决公共项目绩效悖论,通过赋予公共项目可分析性实现了研究范式从管理到治理的转换;(2)公共项目治理知识体系主要包括“治理结构”“治理机制”“治理模式”“治理绩效”等核心内容;(3)通过对代建制下非经营性公共项目治理结构与机制的分析,构建了一套公共项目绩效改善的系统性分析框架。研究成果将推动公共项目治理理论进一步发展,并能为发挥公共项目治理指导工程实践的理论意义、优化公共项目治理的制度建设提供研究基础。

基础教育国家级教学成果奖三届数学获奖项目循证研究

基于循证研究,3届基础教育国家级教学成果奖中有76项数学获奖项目.从总体上看,数量在缓慢上升,在学科类名列第二;在质量上呈现偏正态分布,并获得唯一1项学科类特等奖.从获奖分布上看,区域及省域强弱分布不均问题严重,省域不均问题明显;在学段上,跨学段与小学教育占先,学前与特教低迷;一线单位获奖数量与占比率持续上升,非一线单位呈∩型.从内容分析上看,聚类分析发现获奖成果围绕9大主题展开;一等奖以上获奖项目分析发现,非一线单位占11项中的8项,并有2项成果走向世界,3位两届以上获得者来自非一线单位,存在非一线单位强于一线单位现象.最后,针对分布不均问题,建议从国家层面构建基础教育数学教学研究精准帮扶机制,在下届评选中继续向薄弱区域及省域适当倾斜,建立基础教育数学教育教学研究激励机制,适当顾及一线与非一线单位获奖占比率等.针对内容分析发现的问题,加大对数学教育教学重点难点堵点研究的支持力度,搭建高等院校、科研与管理部门与中小幼特协同攻关平台,不断提高一线数学教育教学研究质量.

基于GRA-GCRITIC和改进加权双向投影的区间Fermatean模糊多属性群决策方法

针对司法案件决策环境的复杂性及评价信息的模糊性,提出一种基于GRA-GCRITIC(grey relational analysis-group criteria importance through intercriteria correlation)和改进加权双向投影的区间Fermatean模糊Hamacher-TODIM多属性群决策方法。首先考虑到各位专家对各评价方案下各指标评价信息的差异性,提出一种GRA-GCRITIC方法,该方法将灰色关联融入到CRITIC中,以确定指标综合权重比单一获取的指标权重更加客观可靠;其次,结合信任关系对加权双向投影法进行改进,兼顾主客观关系,利用专家个体与群体评价信息的隶属度及非隶属度矩阵间的相似度得到专家权重;最后,考虑到决策者的损失规避心理,将融合了Hamacher算子的TODIM方法拓展至区间Fermatean模糊环境中,通过具体算例可得到其综合优势度及排序,验证了所提方法的可行性及灵活性。

高寒地区污水厂升级改造中技术分析及应用

北方某县级污水厂原设计规模为1.0×10^(4)m^(3)/d,原有CASS工艺难以满足水量增倍、排放标准由《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级B标准提标至一级A标准的要求。在现有工程的基础上,将原有的CASS工艺改造为改良AO工艺+磁混凝多效沉淀系统,实现了出水水质稳定达到一级A标准,高寒气温下稳定的脱氮效率。该提标改造方式具有不需扩大占地、原有土建改动小、出水效果好等优势,减少工程投资和运行成本,可为高寒地区污水厂的升级改造提供参考。

基于改进免疫遗传算法的建设项目应急预案优化

为了提高建设项目应急预案的针对性,基于改进免疫遗传算法对建设项目应急预案优化进行仿真研究。首先,借鉴生物免疫原理,构建建设项目应急预案优化理论模型;其次,通过设计Taguchi试验优化算法中的重要参数,引入精英保留策略改进免疫遗传算法,并基于该算法构建建设项目应急预案优化模型;最后,以某高速公路为例,运用MATLAB软件进行模拟仿真,测试改进免疫遗传算法的可行性,并设置两组对比实验验证改进免疫遗传算法的优越性。仿真结果表明:相比于传统免疫遗传算法,改进免疫遗传算法下应急预案的亲和度更高,收敛速度也更快。这拓展了项目风险研究,为风险应对决策提供参考依据。

TPC三能力提高进阶混合式智慧教学模式构建与应用——以“数字信号处理”课程为例

数字信号处理课程以工程教育专业认证为抓手,以新工科建设和双一流建设为背景,坚持以学生为中心,成果为导向,实现“理论Theory+实践Practice+协作Cooperation”TPC三能力提高.即依据建构主义学习理论,课前三阶导学智慧预习,学生线上自主学习,教师采用PBL教学模式在线发布项目任务书和导学攻略完成课前测;课中五步教学智慧课堂,线下以项目为驱动采用TBL教学模式,以小组为单位项目实践、展示和评价;课后三省思学智慧提升,学生知识拓展、思维导图总结,教师教学反思用于持续改进.最后采用知识、能力、行为多维度智慧评价实现学生TPC三维目标进阶提升.

长距离输调水工程大口径FRPM管道研发与工程安全保障技术

长距离输调水工程是中国新疆地区重要的基础生命线,其长久稳定运行对于促进经济平稳增长和保障居民供水安全至关重要。新疆位居大陆中心,属温带极端大陆性气候,其长距离输调水工程面临严峻的环境挑战。玻璃纤维增强塑料夹砂管(glass fiber reinforced plastic mortar pipes,FRPM)作为长距离输调水工程中重要的水工地下结构用材,凭借其优异的耐化学腐蚀、轻质高强、无二次污染、安装方便、综合造价低等诸多优良特性而被广泛应用于新疆地区。然而,传统FRPM管生成工艺在铺层设计与生产自动化程度方面存在一定局限,导致工程施工过程效率低下;同时,缺少统一的技术标准和设计规范也间接制约了其应用范围。此外,管道工程自动巡检技术与缺陷定量评价标准尚未统一,无法合理量化和准确评价整体工程质量。为此,依托北疆小洼槽供水工程,围绕长距离大口径FRPM管的管材铺层设计与制造工艺、工程设计、质量评定、自动巡检、运行监测与安全保障等关键技术,通过产学研用相结合,持续15年攻关,取得突破性创新成果:①引进吸收并创新了适合于长距离、高工作压力、以连续缠绕工艺为首选的FRPM管生产工艺,优化了大口径FRPM管材铺层设计方法,实现了供料—缠绕—固化—切割—检测全自动化控制,与国外同类产品标准相比,管道挠曲性能和轴向拉伸强度等提高了20%~50%;②提出了安全防护的工程和非工程措施,建立了长距离FRPM管不同缺陷类型危害性等级划分原则,创建了复杂地质条件下长距离FRPM管道工程安全评价理论与方法;③系统揭示了FRPM管质量缺陷产生机理,开发了FRPM管光固化片材局部修复工艺以及内衬聚乙烯(PE)的整体非开挖修复技术,提出了修复效果后评价方法,实现了对长距离FRPM管道工程运行安全的有效掌控。

C公司应用软件产品研发流程改进研究

快速稳定的软件产品能有效提升企业市场竞争力。梳理C公司EI项目现状,采用头脑风暴法和5Why方法,对问题根本原因进行分析,在满足流程改进约束条件的前提下,采用系统的方法改进应用软件产品研发流程,提出一种Scrum敏捷开发与能力成熟度模型集成(capability maturity model integration, CMMI)相结合的软件产品研发流程模型。研究成果能够缩短产品交付周期,提高产品交付频次,有助于产品持续集成、持续发布,做到研发有效支撑市场推广,进而帮助C公司提升产品研发过程对产品市场前端演示推广需求的响应和支撑。

岩溶隧洞突涌水灾害风险评价研究

受复杂地质条件的影响,岩溶隧洞在施工过程中极易发生突涌水灾害。为准确评估岩溶隧洞突涌水风险等级,将结构方程模型(SEM)与改进的模糊综合评价法(FCEM)相结合,构建岩溶隧洞突涌水风险评价模型。从地形地貌、气象水文、地层因素、地质构造、岩溶水文地质、施工因素6个方面深入研究;利用SEM确定各指标标准化路径系数并求得其权重,运用改进FCEM法对岩溶隧洞突涌水风险等级进行评价;以滇中引水工程昆呈隧洞为应用实例,利用Crystal Ball软件验证模型的有效性。结果表明:昆呈隧洞有90%的几率处于52~73分值区间范围内(Ⅲ级风险),与现场实际情况一致,表明基于SEM-改进FCEM法构建的岩溶隧洞突涌水风险评价模型具有一定的适用性;其中岩溶水文地质、地质构造、气象水文是该隧洞的主要影响因素,施工中应加强对这几方面的监控和量测,避免发生突涌水灾害。研究成果可为类似岩溶隧洞工程提供参考。

基于扎根理论及G1-CRITIC-距离函数判法-VIKOR的铁路建设项目安全管理标准化评价

为促进安全管理标准化管理模式顺利实施,铁路建设项目安全管理迈向高标准高水平,开展铁路建设项目安全管理标准化评价研究。首先,以标准化管理为理论基础,根据质性研究方法-扎根理论对数据进行编码处理,建立以制度管理标准化、人员配备标准化、物料管理标准化、环境管理标准化、现场作业标准化、过程控制标准化为6个核心范畴和32个主范畴的铁路建设项目安全管理标准化评价指标体系。其次,借助劳伦茨曲线的基尼系数改进CRITIC方法,提出“G1-CRITIC-距离函数判别法”模型,计算属性权重。最后,采用VIKOR算法对案例项目进行实证分析,基于安全管理标准化值U_(R)评估标准化管理水平。结果表明:各案例项目的安全管理标准化水平不同,U_(R)值具有显著差异,P_(1)~P_(5)各项目的U_R值分别为0.047 6、0.148 3、0.451 9、0.971 5、0.648(其中P_(4)属于“高水平”;P_(3)和P_(5)属于“中水平”;P_(1)和P_(2)属于“低水平”)。通过折衷系数扰动下的敏感性分析,综合考虑群体效用和个体妥协,对不同等级的建设项目(P_(1)~P_(5))分别进行讨论,并提出标准化建设的决策建议。研究结果与各案例项目实际安全管理标准化程度相符,为深入推进铁路建设项目标准化管理工作、促进建设项目各项安全管理行为规范运作和管理体系的持续改进提供参考依据。

高海拔季节冻土区完全融化期土壤水分特征曲线适用性

以怒江源区那曲流域为例,基于4个试验场完全融化期(6—9月)的土壤体积含水量(0.15~0.51 cm^(3)/cm^(3))和土壤基质势数据(0~200 kPa)实测数据,选择Van Genuchten(VG)、Brooks-Corey(BC)和Campbell 3个模型进行拟合,以均方根误差ERMS和决定系数R2为评价指标,分析3个模型对高海拔季节冻土区不同土层和不同土壤质地的适用性。结果表明:从整体上看,VG模型(平均R2为0.992,平均ERMS为0.006 cm^(3)/cm^(3))的拟合效果优于BC模型(平均R2为0.972,平均ERMS为0.019 cm^(3)/cm/3)和Campbell模型(平均R2为0.984,平均ERMS为0.014 cm^(3)/cm^(3));但是在不同土层和不同土壤质地情况下模型的适用性有所区别,VG模型更适用于壤土和壤质砂土(平均R2为0.987,平均ERMS为0.008 cm^(3)/cm^(3))以及土壤深层(10~35 cm土层,平均R2为0.990,平均ERMS为0.007 cm^(3)/cm^(3)),Campbell模型更适用于砂质壤土(平均R2为0.985,平均ERMS为0.009 cm^(3)/cm^(3))以及土壤表层(5 cm土层,平均R2为0.993,平均ERMS为0.006 cm^(3)/cm^(3)),BC模型在不同条件下都不是最优模型;参数θr取值大小会显著影响土壤水分特征曲线的形状。本研究可为深入研究高海拔季节冻土区的土壤水分运动特性以及中华水塔区的水源涵养作用提供支持。

调水工程建设期安全-进度-投资系统风险分析——以引江济淮工程(河南段)为例

以引江济淮工程(河南段)为例,在确定安全-进度-投资系统风险评价指标体系的基础上,基于层次分析-模糊综合评价方法分析安全、进度、投资的单项风险;在考虑工程建设期安全、进度、投资的相互影响后,基于改进的综合风险评价方法分析安全-进度-投资系统风险。结果表明:当分析单项风险时,安全、进度和投资风险的评价结果均为一般风险;当分析系统风险时,得到安全风险>进度风险>投资风险;进一步分析指标体系中的准则层和指标层,安全风险的现场风险中施工技术方案风险排序第一,是后续风险管控的重点。本研究为提高工程建设期安全-进度-投资系统风险的可靠性、降低风险事件的发生提出了理论和技术参考。