Blood loss in peacetime is mainly due to the normal menstrual cycle in women or diseases with surgical intervention. In wartime, blood loss in military personnel is a characteristic sign of a closed or open injury of ...Blood loss in peacetime is mainly due to the normal menstrual cycle in women or diseases with surgical intervention. In wartime, blood loss in military personnel is a characteristic sign of a closed or open injury of the body during internal or external bleeding. Access to clinical care for wounded military personnel injured on the battlefield is limited and has long delays compared to patients in peacetime. Most of the deaths of wounded military personnel on the battlefield occur within the first hour after being wounded. The most common causes are delay in providing medical care, loss of time for diagnosis, delay in stabilization of pain shock and large blood loss. Some help in overcoming these problems is provided by the data in the individual capsule, which each soldier of the modern army possesses;however, data in an individual capsule is not sufficient to provide emergency medical care in field and hospital conditions. This paper considers a project for development of a smart real-time monitoring wearable system for blood loss and level of shock stress in wounded persons on the battlefield, which provides medical staff in field and hospital conditions with the necessary information to give timely medical care. Although the hospital will require additional information, the basic information about the victims will already be known before he enters the hospital. It is important to emphasize that the key term in this approach is monitoring. It is tracking, and not a one-time measurement of indicators, that is crucial in a valid definition of bleeding.展开更多
背景:由于人体的血管形态复杂多样,现已应用于临床中的可操纵导管的手柄与尖端之间由于力的传导不断衰弱使尖端变形常达不到外科医生的预期,这给手术增加了难度。如何在手术中实现可操纵导管尖端快速且精准地变形一直备受外科医生的关...背景:由于人体的血管形态复杂多样,现已应用于临床中的可操纵导管的手柄与尖端之间由于力的传导不断衰弱使尖端变形常达不到外科医生的预期,这给手术增加了难度。如何在手术中实现可操纵导管尖端快速且精准地变形一直备受外科医生的关注。近年来,随着智能材料的飞速发展,这使在体外远程控制导管尖端变形成为了可能。目的:综述近年来介入治疗中可操纵导管系统的应用进展,以期为可操纵导管系统未来的发展提供有价值的参考。方法:在Web of Science、PubMed、中国知网及万方数据库进行文章检索,文献发表时间为1995-2021年。对比纳入与排除标准将所有文章进行初筛,最终纳入41篇文章进行综述。根据可操纵导管的变形机制,对手动操纵导管系统、磁驱动导管系统以及软材料驱动导管系统的功能特点及临床应用进行总结。结果与结论:①可操纵导管系统的变形机制多种多样,其中手动操纵导管尖端通过远端手柄来操作,使力沿着操纵杆进行传导从而达到尖端的变形;磁驱动导管主要通过在导管尖端加入可通电流的磁铁部分或者计算机控制的永磁体从而在患者体内产生磁场来达到尖端的变形;软材料则通过一些刺激如电或温度等来实现导管尖端变形。②目前手动操纵导管以及磁驱动导管在介入治疗中较为常见,但手动操纵导管因其难以很好的控制以及缺少定位精度给外科医生增加了手术难度,而磁驱动导管(机器人导管系统)因其昂贵的手术费用不能应用于所有患者,因此开发出一类既廉价又可以精准变形的可操纵导管是很有必要的。③形状记忆聚合物类材料价格低廉并且较之前应用于导管的材料有更好的生物相容性以及它们可通过简单的编程在一些适宜人体的刺激条件下(如温度、湿度、磁场和光等)就可进行精准的变形,有较好的医学应用前景。展开更多
运用SMART(Switching Mechanism at 5'end of RNA Transcript)技术构建海南黄牛外周血白细胞cDNA文库。采用RNAiso Reagent处理新鲜血液,以总RNA抽提试剂盒(上海华舜)制备总RNA。用PowerscriptTM反转录酶逆转录合成第一链cDNA,LD-PC...运用SMART(Switching Mechanism at 5'end of RNA Transcript)技术构建海南黄牛外周血白细胞cDNA文库。采用RNAiso Reagent处理新鲜血液,以总RNA抽提试剂盒(上海华舜)制备总RNA。用PowerscriptTM反转录酶逆转录合成第一链cDNA,LD-PCR扩增获得cDNA双链,SfiⅠ酶切和CHROMA SPIN-400TM柱分离后,500bp以上的片段与pDNR-LIB载体连接,电转化入Ecoli.DH5α,建成原始文库。经鉴定,库容量达到1.2×106克隆,原始文库滴度为3×109cfu/mL,扩增后的文库滴度为4.3×1010cfu/mL。PCR鉴定重组子,发现重组率接近100%,插入片段大小分布为0.5～2kb,插入片段平均长度约为1kb。文库的各项指标均达要求,为利用文库筛选海南黄牛已知和未知功能基因提供了材料来源,且为进一步研究基因的结构和功能奠定了重要基础。展开更多
文摘Blood loss in peacetime is mainly due to the normal menstrual cycle in women or diseases with surgical intervention. In wartime, blood loss in military personnel is a characteristic sign of a closed or open injury of the body during internal or external bleeding. Access to clinical care for wounded military personnel injured on the battlefield is limited and has long delays compared to patients in peacetime. Most of the deaths of wounded military personnel on the battlefield occur within the first hour after being wounded. The most common causes are delay in providing medical care, loss of time for diagnosis, delay in stabilization of pain shock and large blood loss. Some help in overcoming these problems is provided by the data in the individual capsule, which each soldier of the modern army possesses;however, data in an individual capsule is not sufficient to provide emergency medical care in field and hospital conditions. This paper considers a project for development of a smart real-time monitoring wearable system for blood loss and level of shock stress in wounded persons on the battlefield, which provides medical staff in field and hospital conditions with the necessary information to give timely medical care. Although the hospital will require additional information, the basic information about the victims will already be known before he enters the hospital. It is important to emphasize that the key term in this approach is monitoring. It is tracking, and not a one-time measurement of indicators, that is crucial in a valid definition of bleeding.
文摘背景:由于人体的血管形态复杂多样,现已应用于临床中的可操纵导管的手柄与尖端之间由于力的传导不断衰弱使尖端变形常达不到外科医生的预期,这给手术增加了难度。如何在手术中实现可操纵导管尖端快速且精准地变形一直备受外科医生的关注。近年来,随着智能材料的飞速发展,这使在体外远程控制导管尖端变形成为了可能。目的:综述近年来介入治疗中可操纵导管系统的应用进展,以期为可操纵导管系统未来的发展提供有价值的参考。方法:在Web of Science、PubMed、中国知网及万方数据库进行文章检索,文献发表时间为1995-2021年。对比纳入与排除标准将所有文章进行初筛,最终纳入41篇文章进行综述。根据可操纵导管的变形机制,对手动操纵导管系统、磁驱动导管系统以及软材料驱动导管系统的功能特点及临床应用进行总结。结果与结论:①可操纵导管系统的变形机制多种多样,其中手动操纵导管尖端通过远端手柄来操作,使力沿着操纵杆进行传导从而达到尖端的变形;磁驱动导管主要通过在导管尖端加入可通电流的磁铁部分或者计算机控制的永磁体从而在患者体内产生磁场来达到尖端的变形;软材料则通过一些刺激如电或温度等来实现导管尖端变形。②目前手动操纵导管以及磁驱动导管在介入治疗中较为常见,但手动操纵导管因其难以很好的控制以及缺少定位精度给外科医生增加了手术难度,而磁驱动导管(机器人导管系统)因其昂贵的手术费用不能应用于所有患者,因此开发出一类既廉价又可以精准变形的可操纵导管是很有必要的。③形状记忆聚合物类材料价格低廉并且较之前应用于导管的材料有更好的生物相容性以及它们可通过简单的编程在一些适宜人体的刺激条件下(如温度、湿度、磁场和光等)就可进行精准的变形,有较好的医学应用前景。
文摘运用SMART(Switching Mechanism at 5'end of RNA Transcript)技术构建海南黄牛外周血白细胞cDNA文库。采用RNAiso Reagent处理新鲜血液,以总RNA抽提试剂盒(上海华舜)制备总RNA。用PowerscriptTM反转录酶逆转录合成第一链cDNA,LD-PCR扩增获得cDNA双链,SfiⅠ酶切和CHROMA SPIN-400TM柱分离后,500bp以上的片段与pDNR-LIB载体连接,电转化入Ecoli.DH5α,建成原始文库。经鉴定,库容量达到1.2×106克隆,原始文库滴度为3×109cfu/mL,扩增后的文库滴度为4.3×1010cfu/mL。PCR鉴定重组子,发现重组率接近100%,插入片段大小分布为0.5～2kb,插入片段平均长度约为1kb。文库的各项指标均达要求,为利用文库筛选海南黄牛已知和未知功能基因提供了材料来源,且为进一步研究基因的结构和功能奠定了重要基础。
