Control Effects and Material Parameters of Piezoelectric Smart Moment Controllers

The control using piezoelectric smart moment (PSM) controllers for seismically excited structures was studied.The radical principle of PSM controller was introduced firstly and then the different formulae of control shear force for different structures were derived with the stiffness ratio of columns taken into consideration.With the active control algorithm based on the theory of modern optimal control,this study proposes a simulative computation on the frame structure and mill structure respectively,and the results indicate that the installation of this smart controller with proper parameters can significantly reduce seismic responses of different structures. The optimal parameters of the damper can be identified through a parameter study.

An Intelligent Adaptive Dynamic Algorithm for a Smart Traffic System

Due to excessive car usage,pollution and traffic have increased.In urban cities in Saudi Arabia,such as Riyadh and Jeddah,drivers and air quality suffer from traffic congestion.Although the government has implemented numerous solutions to resolve this issue or reduce its effect on the environment and residents,it still exists and is getting worse.This paper proposes an intelligent,adaptive,practical,and feasible deep learning method for intelligent traffic control.It uses an Internet of Things(IoT)sensor,a camera,and a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)tool to control traffic in real time.An image segmentation algorithm analyzes inputs from the cameras installed in designated areas.This study considered whether CNNs and IoT technologies could ensure smooth traffic flow in high-speed,high-congestion situations.The presented algorithm calculates traffic density and cars’speeds to determine which lane gets high priority first.A real case study has been conducted on MATLAB to verify and validate the results of this approach.This algorithm estimates the reduced average waiting time during the red light and the suggested time for the green and red lights.An assessment between some literature works and the presented algorithm is also provided.In contrast to traditional traffic management methods,this intelligent and adaptive algorithm reduces traffic congestion,automobile waiting times,and accidents.

Temperature-Based Fan Speed Optimization Strategy

As energy efficiency and indoor comfort increasingly become key standards in modern residential and office environments,research on intelligent fan speed control systems has become particularly important.This study aims to develop a temperature-feedback-based fan speed optimization strategy to achieve higher energy efficiency and user comfort.Firstly,by analyzing existing fan speed control technologies,their main limitations are identified,such as the inability to achieve smooth speed transitions.To address this issue,a BP-PID speed control algorithm is designed,which dynamically adjusts fan speed based on indoor temperature changes.Experimental validation demonstrates that the designed system can achieve smooth speed transitions compared to traditional fan systems while maintaining stable indoor temperatures.Furthermore,the real-time responsiveness of the system is crucial for enhancing user comfort.Our research not only demonstrates the feasibility of temperature-based fan speed optimization strategies in both theory and practice but also provides valuable insights for energy management in future smart home environments.Ultimately,this research outcome will facilitate the development of smart home systems and have a positive impact on environmental sustainability.

Design approaches for active,semi-active and passive control systems based on analysis of characteristics of active control force

In this paper, the characteristics of forces in active control systems connected to adjacent levels of a building are analyzed. The following characteristics are observed： （1） active control can provide significantly superior supplemental damping to a building, but causes a small frequency shift; （2） the linear quadratic regulator （LQR）-based control force is composed of an elastic restoring force component and a damping force component, where the damping force is almost identical to the total control force, however, the elastic restoring force is very small; and （3） the active control forces prevent mction most of the time during the entire control process. These three characteristics imply that active control systems connected to adjacent levels of a building behave like passive damping devices with adjustable parameters, namely damping characteristics in an active control, which is the mechanism used by semi-active control devices to reach similar performance as active control systems. Two indices are defined to quantify the damping characteristics of control forces in active control systems. These two indices can also be used to quantify the capacity of semi-active control to achieve the perfonrlance of active control. Based on the above observations, two principles are founded for optimization of parameters of semi-active control devices and passive dampers. The first is that the maximum output force of a semi-active or passive device to be designed is identical to an active device, called ＂design principle＂. The other is the response equivalent principle, which states that the response of a building with semi-active or passive devices is the same as with active devices when the same maximum output force is applied. The design procedure for semi-active control devices and passive dampers is described in detail. Finally, numerical simulations of two benchmark problems is conducted to demonstrate the damping characteristics of active control and investigate the capacity of semi-active control to achieve the same performance as active control.

Self-Powered Active Vibration Control:Concept,Modeling,and Testing

Despite their superior control performance,active vibration control techniques cannot be widely used in some engineering fields because of their substantial power demand in controlling large-scale structures.As an innovative solution to this problem,an unprecedented self-powered active vibration control system was developped in this study.The topological design,working mechanism,and power flow of the proposed system are presented herein.The self-powering ability of the system was confirmed based on a detailed power flow analysis of vibration control processes.A self-powered actively controlled actuator was designed and applied to a scaled active vibration isolation table.The feasibility and effectiveness of the innovative system were successfully validated through a series of analytical,numerical,and experimental investigations.The setup and control strategy of the proposed system can be readily extended to diversified active vibration control applications in various engineering fields.

Smart control system for the precision cultivation of black fungus

Black fungus,with high nutritional and medicinal value,has been cultivated in China for a long time,and Heilongjiang alone accounts for about 40%of the global output.At present,the cultivation of black fungus derives mainly from the inheritance of relatively primitive practices and experience of farmers,resulting in inconsistent quality of fungus.In this study,a smart control system for the precision cultivation of black fungus was designed by using intelligent detection and control technology.The system includes a precision culture test environment and remote control system.The precision cultivation environment contains four sub-independent environments.The key parameters such as temperature,humidity,and light behavior were collected and can be adjusted individually,according to the precision cultivation stages.The intelligent remote control system included a controller cabinet,sensors unit,temperature control unit,humidity control unit,light control unit,and information transmitting unit.The controller cabinet includes a key controller which can auto-control the temperature,humidity,and lightly adjust components according to the precision cultivation conditions and processing.The temperature sensors were installed in a 3D array close to the fungus bags about 5 cm in rooms.The light tape was installed on the six walls and also had three colors(Red,Blue,and Green)which could be controlled independently in each room.The control strategy through the analysis of the data collected by all sensors,the current cultivate situation of the cultivation environment was obtained,and the heater,fan,light,and nozzle were regulated according to the strategy to maintain a suitable precision cultivation environment for fungus.To verify the feasibility of the precision cultivation processing and control system,the test result shows that the error of temperature control was about 0℃-1℃,the error of humidity control was about 1%-4%,and the error of illuminance control was about 0-50 lx;All the verification results show that the control system for precision cultivation has high precision and can meet the needs of exploring the"Black 29"fungus cultivation experiment environment.Based on the orthogonal experiment,the best combination of the temperature and humidity for each growth stage was also investigated in this study,further proving the reliability and feasibility of the control system for the precision cultivation of Auricularia auricula.

Closed Loop Control of Bi-Directional Soft Switched Quasi Z-Source DC-DC Converter

Quasi Z-source converter is a single stage soft switched power converter derived from Z-source converter topology, employing an impedance network coupling the source with the converter. The quasi Z-source source converter can buck or boost the voltage and current flow is bidirectional. The duty cycle of the switch can be adjusted to maintain constant voltage during load change. To obtain constant output voltage, proper controller design is a must. This paper presents closed loop control of quasi Z-source converter using PI controller where controller parameters are estimated using the small signal model of the entire system. The transfer function of the system with AC sweep is used to obtain appropriate proportional and integral gain constants to reduce transient dynamics and to reduce steady state error.

Sand production:A smart control framework for risk mitigation

Due to the current global oil price,the sand production is considered undesirable product and the control of sand production is considered as one of the main concerns of production engineers.It can damage downhole,subsea equipments and surface production facilities,also increasing the risk of catastrophic failure.As a result of that it costs the producers multiple millions of dollars each year.Therefore,there are many different approaches of sand control designed for different reservoir conditions.Selecting an appropriate technique for preventing formation sand production depends on different reservoir parameters.Therefore,choosing the best sand control method is the result of systematic study.In this paper the sand production factors and their effects are presented where the emphasis is given towards the sand prediction to determine the probability of producing sand from the reservoir,followed by the correct prevention implementation of sand control method.The combination of these two is presented as a smart control framework that can be applied for sand production management.

Guest editorial: special issue on wide area monitoring, protection and control in smart grid

Complexity of modern electrical power systems is steadily increasing.This is inspiring researchers and developers to propose new solutions capable to address a number of challenges,particularly those related to power system operation.A massive penetration of asynchronously connected renewable energy generation,the generation connected over inverters,is significantly changing the dynamics of modern power systems.From one hand,the power system response time is becoming shorter and at the same time the fault level is becoming smaller.This is significantly affecting requirements of control loops,as well as power system protection.

Biotechnology smart control over stem cell fate commitment at nanoscale

In the landscape of desirable stem-cell-based regeneration,the fate of cell is directed by orchestrated dialog between nanoscale subcellular receptors and biointerfacial niches^([1]).This bottom-up development manner has inspired a great many nanogeometric^([2])and nanotopographic^([3])material-based biointerfaces promising for regenerative medicine.These previous studies shed

Control of Surface Wrinkles on Shape Memory PLA/PPDO Micro‑nanofibers and Their Applications in Drug Release and Anti‑scarring

Micro-and nano-fibers of shape memory polymers(SMP)offer multiple advantages like high specific surface area,poros-ity,and intelligence,and are suitable for biomedical applications.In this study,biodegradable poly(p-dioxanone)(PPDO)materials were incorporated to improve the brittleness of shape memory polylactic acid(PLA),and plasticizers were used to reduce the transition temperature of SMP composites such that their transitions could be induced close to body temperature.Furthermore,an electrostatic spinning technology was applied to prepare SMP fibers with wrinkled structures and regulate their microstructures and morphologies such that the intelligent transition of wrinkled and smooth morphologies can be achieved on the fiber surface.The application of this controllable-morphology fiber membrane in intelligent controlled drug release and scar inhibition after Ahmed Glaucoma Valve(AGV)implantation was also studied.The drug release from the stretched and deformed drug-loaded fiber membranes was faster than those from membranes with the original shape.This membrane with micro-and nano-fibers had good anti-scarring effects that improved after drug loading.The achievement of intelligent controlled drug release and the evident anti-scarring effects of the membrane broaden the application of SMP fibers in the biomedical field.

Overview of emerging technologies in sprinkler irrigation to optimize crop production

Water saving is an essential part of sprinkler irrigation owing to the impact of climate change and rising energy costs.This review highlights the technologies that are emerging in sprinkler irrigation to optimize crop production.While there have been notable advances in irrigation,the continued progress has occurred by the combination of current status with the postulation of new ideas such as conversion of high-pressure sprinkler to low-pressure ones,incorporation of smart controllers in sprinkler irrigation systems.To enhance the adoption of these technologies,research on the dispersion device is needed to improve the performance of impact sprinklers to efficiently operate at low-pressure conditions.It is also important to study how water savings estimates based on water use,irrigated area,longevity of saving,and level of wasteful irrigation prior to the retrofit obtained from field trials can be extrapolated to other areas with different conditions.Research in the development of optimized method for irrigation scheduling is necessary.This review emphasizes that the status of technologies should be considered a continuum,building on earlier knowledge and progress,and hopefully leading toward optimized crop production in sprinkler irrigated areas.

Multimode human–machine interface using a single-channel and patterned triboelectric sensor

Triboelectric interfaces have already been extensively researched in the area of human–machine interaction owing to their selfsustainability,low cost,easy manufacturing,and diverse configurations.However,some limitations(e.g.,a large number of electrodes,multiple lines,and chunks)observed in previous works hinder the further development of human–machine interaction applications.Herein,a triboelectric encoding interface is proposed by designing the reverse polarity of the tribo-layers to encode the triboelectric output signals.Owing to the inversion of the tribo-layers and the number of strip electrodes,this encoding method can realize multipurpose interactive commands by using fewer electrodes and a simple structure only in one macroscopic triboelectric device,which greatly reduces the size of the device as well as the influence of external factors on the coded signal output.As a demonstration,a ring with the patterned triboelectric interface(15 mm×20 mm)achieves slide presentation and remote electric device control.In addition,the triboelectric sensor has good sensitivity(1.55 V/N)and durability(>30,000 cycles).This new encoding mode shows the high applicability of the operation mode in diversified interactive applications,which provides more design strategies for intelligent control.

基于形状记忆海绵的“门控”液体二极管

超浸润Janus膜因其独特的单向液体输送能力,被称为“液体二极管”,引起了人们的广泛关注.近年来,赋予Janus膜智能可控性成为一个新的研究热点.然而,相关的报道仍然很少,且限于调节表面浸润性方面,这很难避免一些局限性,如需要恒定外部刺激和特定的水溶液.在此,我们提出了一种通过调节材料的孔结构来智能控制液体在Janus膜上渗透的新策略,并报告了一种由超亲水海绵(SHS)和疏水形状记忆海绵(HSMS)构成的智能Janus海绵(SJS).基于良好的形状记忆效应,HSMS的孔径和厚度可以在压缩/回复状态之间可逆地改变.随着HSMS的变化,水的渗透可以得到巧妙地控制,这体现在只有在HSMS处于压缩状态时,SJS才呈现“液体二极管”的效果,否则将防止液体从两侧渗透.最后,基于SJS的智能可控性,我们模拟了换药场景,展示了其在伤口敷料领域的潜在应用.本工作首次报道了一种形状记忆Janus膜,为控制液体渗透提供了一种新的方法,成功地避免了现有浸润性响应Janus膜存在的缺点.鉴于其良好的可控性,我们相信它在液体智能操纵方面有潜在的应用.