The battery technology progress has been a contradictory process in which performance improvement and hidden risks coexist.Now the battery is still a“black box”,thus requiring a deep understanding of its internal st...The battery technology progress has been a contradictory process in which performance improvement and hidden risks coexist.Now the battery is still a“black box”,thus requiring a deep understanding of its internal state.The battery should“sense its internal physical/chemical conditions”,which puts strict requirements on embedded sensing parts.This paper summarizes the application of advanced optical fiber sensors in lithium-ion batteries and energy storage technologies that may be mass deployed,focuses on the insights of advanced optical fiber sensors into the processes of one-dimensional nano-micro-level battery material structural phase transition,electrolyte degradation,electrode-electrolyte interface dynamics to three-dimensional macro-safety evolution.The paper contributes to understanding how to use optical fiber sensors to achieve“real”and“embedded”monitoring.Through the inherent advantages of the advanced optical fiber sensor,it helps clarify the battery internal state and reaction mechanism,aiding in the establishment of more detailed models.These advancements can promote the development of smart batteries,with significant importance lying in essentially promoting the improvement of system consistency.Furthermore,with the help of smart batteries in the future,the importance of consistency can be weakened or even eliminated.The application of advanced optical fiber sensors helps comprehensively improve the battery quality,reliability,and life.展开更多
The widespread adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed various sectors globally, making themmore intelligent and connected. However, this advancement comes with challenges related to the effectiveness...The widespread adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed various sectors globally, making themmore intelligent and connected. However, this advancement comes with challenges related to the effectiveness ofIoT devices. These devices, present in offices, homes, industries, and more, need constant monitoring to ensuretheir proper functionality. The success of smart systems relies on their seamless operation and ability to handlefaults. Sensors, crucial components of these systems, gather data and contribute to their functionality. Therefore,sensor faults can compromise the system’s reliability and undermine the trustworthiness of smart environments.To address these concerns, various techniques and algorithms can be employed to enhance the performance ofIoT devices through effective fault detection. This paper conducted a thorough review of the existing literature andconducted a detailed analysis.This analysis effectively links sensor errors with a prominent fault detection techniquecapable of addressing them. This study is innovative because it paves theway for future researchers to explore errorsthat have not yet been tackled by existing fault detection methods. Significant, the paper, also highlights essentialfactors for selecting and adopting fault detection techniques, as well as the characteristics of datasets and theircorresponding recommended techniques. Additionally, the paper presents amethodical overview of fault detectiontechniques employed in smart devices, including themetrics used for evaluation. Furthermore, the paper examinesthe body of academic work related to sensor faults and fault detection techniques within the domain. This reflectsthe growing inclination and scholarly attention of researchers and academicians toward strategies for fault detectionwithin the realm of the Internet of Things.展开更多
Hydrogels exhibit potential applications in smart wearable devices because of their exceptional sensitivity to various external stimuli.However,their applications are limited by challenges in terms of issues in biocom...Hydrogels exhibit potential applications in smart wearable devices because of their exceptional sensitivity to various external stimuli.However,their applications are limited by challenges in terms of issues in biocompatibility,custom shape,and self-healing.Herein,a conductive,stretchable,adaptable,self-healing,and biocompatible liquid metal GaInSn/Ni-based composite hydrogel is developed by incorporating a magnetic liquid metal into the hydrogel framework through crosslinking polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)with sodium tetraborate.The excellent stretchability and fast self-healing capability of the PVA/liquid metal hydrogel are derived from its abundant hydrogen binding sites and liquid metal fusion.Significantly,owing to the magnetic constituent,the PVA/liquid metal hydrogel can be guided remotely using an external magnetic field to a specific position to repair the broken wires with no need for manual operation.The composite hydrogel also exhibits sensitive deformation responses and can be used as a strain sensor to monitor various body motions.Additionally,the multifunctional hydrogel displays absorption-dominated electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding properties.The total shielding performance of the composite hydrogel increases to~62.5 dB from~31.8 dB of the pure PVA hydrogel at the thickness of 3.0 mm.The proposed bioinspired multifunctional magnetic hydrogel demonstrates substantial application potential in the field of intelligent wearable devices.展开更多
Wireless smart sensors(WSS)process field data and inform inspectors about the infrastructure health and safety.In bridge engineering,inspectors need reliable data about changes in displacements under loads to make cor...Wireless smart sensors(WSS)process field data and inform inspectors about the infrastructure health and safety.In bridge engineering,inspectors need reliable data about changes in displacements under loads to make correct decisions about repairs and replacements.Access to displacement information in the field and in real-time remains a challenge as inspectors do not see the data in real time.Displacement data from WSS in the field undergoes additional processing and is seen at a different location.If inspectors were able to see structural displacements in real-time at the locations of interest,they could conduct additional observations,creating a new,information-based,decision-making reality in the field.This paper develops a new,human-centered interface that provides inspectors with real-time access to actionable structural data during inspection and monitoring enhanced by augmented reality(AR).It summarizes and evaluates the development and validation of the new human-infrastructure interface in laboratory experiments.The experiments demonstrate that the interface that processes all calculations in the AR device accurately estimates dynamic displacements in comparison with the laser.Using this new AR interface tool,inspectors can observe and compare displacement data,share it across space and time,visualize displacements in time history,and understand structural deflection more accurately through a displacement time history visualization.展开更多
As positioning sensors,edge computation power,and communication technologies continue to develop,a moving agent can now sense its surroundings and communicate with other agents.By receiving spatial information from bo...As positioning sensors,edge computation power,and communication technologies continue to develop,a moving agent can now sense its surroundings and communicate with other agents.By receiving spatial information from both its environment and other agents,an agent can use various methods and sensor types to localize itself.With its high flexibility and robustness,collaborative positioning has become a widely used method in both military and civilian applications.This paper introduces the basic fundamental concepts and applications of collaborative positioning,and reviews recent progress in the field based on camera,LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging),wireless sensor,and their integration.The paper compares the current methods with respect to their sensor type,summarizes their main paradigms,and analyzes their evaluation experiments.Finally,the paper discusses the main challenges and open issues that require further research.展开更多
Blood loss in peacetime is mainly due to the normal menstrual cycle in women or diseases with surgical intervention. In wartime, blood loss in military personnel is a characteristic sign of a closed or open injury of ...Blood loss in peacetime is mainly due to the normal menstrual cycle in women or diseases with surgical intervention. In wartime, blood loss in military personnel is a characteristic sign of a closed or open injury of the body during internal or external bleeding. Access to clinical care for wounded military personnel injured on the battlefield is limited and has long delays compared to patients in peacetime. Most of the deaths of wounded military personnel on the battlefield occur within the first hour after being wounded. The most common causes are delay in providing medical care, loss of time for diagnosis, delay in stabilization of pain shock and large blood loss. Some help in overcoming these problems is provided by the data in the individual capsule, which each soldier of the modern army possesses;however, data in an individual capsule is not sufficient to provide emergency medical care in field and hospital conditions. This paper considers a project for development of a smart real-time monitoring wearable system for blood loss and level of shock stress in wounded persons on the battlefield, which provides medical staff in field and hospital conditions with the necessary information to give timely medical care. Although the hospital will require additional information, the basic information about the victims will already be known before he enters the hospital. It is important to emphasize that the key term in this approach is monitoring. It is tracking, and not a one-time measurement of indicators, that is crucial in a valid definition of bleeding.展开更多
Humans can perceive our complex world through multi-sensory fusion.Under limited visual conditions,people can sense a variety of tactile signals to identify objects accurately and rapidly.However,replicating this uniq...Humans can perceive our complex world through multi-sensory fusion.Under limited visual conditions,people can sense a variety of tactile signals to identify objects accurately and rapidly.However,replicating this unique capability in robots remains a significant challenge.Here,we present a new form of ultralight multifunctional tactile nano-layered carbon aerogel sensor that provides pressure,temperature,material recognition and 3D location capabilities,which is combined with multimodal supervised learning algorithms for object recognition.The sensor exhibits human-like pressure(0.04–100 kPa)and temperature(21.5–66.2℃)detection,millisecond response times(11 ms),a pressure sensitivity of 92.22 kPa^(−1)and triboelectric durability of over 6000 cycles.The devised algorithm has universality and can accommodate a range of application scenarios.The tactile system can identify common foods in a kitchen scene with 94.63%accuracy and explore the topographic and geomorphic features of a Mars scene with 100%accuracy.This sensing approach empowers robots with versatile tactile perception to advance future society toward heightened sensing,recognition and intelligence.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52307245[Y.D.Li],No.U21A20170[X.He],22279070[L.Wang],and 52206263[Y.Song])the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M721820[Y.D.Li])the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2019YFA0705703[L.Wang])。
文摘The battery technology progress has been a contradictory process in which performance improvement and hidden risks coexist.Now the battery is still a“black box”,thus requiring a deep understanding of its internal state.The battery should“sense its internal physical/chemical conditions”,which puts strict requirements on embedded sensing parts.This paper summarizes the application of advanced optical fiber sensors in lithium-ion batteries and energy storage technologies that may be mass deployed,focuses on the insights of advanced optical fiber sensors into the processes of one-dimensional nano-micro-level battery material structural phase transition,electrolyte degradation,electrode-electrolyte interface dynamics to three-dimensional macro-safety evolution.The paper contributes to understanding how to use optical fiber sensors to achieve“real”and“embedded”monitoring.Through the inherent advantages of the advanced optical fiber sensor,it helps clarify the battery internal state and reaction mechanism,aiding in the establishment of more detailed models.These advancements can promote the development of smart batteries,with significant importance lying in essentially promoting the improvement of system consistency.Furthermore,with the help of smart batteries in the future,the importance of consistency can be weakened or even eliminated.The application of advanced optical fiber sensors helps comprehensively improve the battery quality,reliability,and life.
文摘The widespread adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed various sectors globally, making themmore intelligent and connected. However, this advancement comes with challenges related to the effectiveness ofIoT devices. These devices, present in offices, homes, industries, and more, need constant monitoring to ensuretheir proper functionality. The success of smart systems relies on their seamless operation and ability to handlefaults. Sensors, crucial components of these systems, gather data and contribute to their functionality. Therefore,sensor faults can compromise the system’s reliability and undermine the trustworthiness of smart environments.To address these concerns, various techniques and algorithms can be employed to enhance the performance ofIoT devices through effective fault detection. This paper conducted a thorough review of the existing literature andconducted a detailed analysis.This analysis effectively links sensor errors with a prominent fault detection techniquecapable of addressing them. This study is innovative because it paves theway for future researchers to explore errorsthat have not yet been tackled by existing fault detection methods. Significant, the paper, also highlights essentialfactors for selecting and adopting fault detection techniques, as well as the characteristics of datasets and theircorresponding recommended techniques. Additionally, the paper presents amethodical overview of fault detectiontechniques employed in smart devices, including themetrics used for evaluation. Furthermore, the paper examinesthe body of academic work related to sensor faults and fault detection techniques within the domain. This reflectsthe growing inclination and scholarly attention of researchers and academicians toward strategies for fault detectionwithin the realm of the Internet of Things.
基金the financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52231007,51725101,11727807,22088101,52271167)the Shanghai Excellent Academic/Technological Leaders Program(19XD1400400)+4 种基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(973 Project Nos.2018YFA0209100 and 2021YFA1200600)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022JCCXHH09)the Foundation for University Youth Key Teachers of Henan Province(2020GGJS170)the Support Program for Scientific and Technological Innovation Talents of Higher Education in Henan Province(21HASTIT004)Key Research Project of Zhejiang Lab(No.2021PE0AC02)。
文摘Hydrogels exhibit potential applications in smart wearable devices because of their exceptional sensitivity to various external stimuli.However,their applications are limited by challenges in terms of issues in biocompatibility,custom shape,and self-healing.Herein,a conductive,stretchable,adaptable,self-healing,and biocompatible liquid metal GaInSn/Ni-based composite hydrogel is developed by incorporating a magnetic liquid metal into the hydrogel framework through crosslinking polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)with sodium tetraborate.The excellent stretchability and fast self-healing capability of the PVA/liquid metal hydrogel are derived from its abundant hydrogen binding sites and liquid metal fusion.Significantly,owing to the magnetic constituent,the PVA/liquid metal hydrogel can be guided remotely using an external magnetic field to a specific position to repair the broken wires with no need for manual operation.The composite hydrogel also exhibits sensitive deformation responses and can be used as a strain sensor to monitor various body motions.Additionally,the multifunctional hydrogel displays absorption-dominated electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding properties.The total shielding performance of the composite hydrogel increases to~62.5 dB from~31.8 dB of the pure PVA hydrogel at the thickness of 3.0 mm.The proposed bioinspired multifunctional magnetic hydrogel demonstrates substantial application potential in the field of intelligent wearable devices.
基金Air Force Research Laboratory(AFRL,Grant No.FA9453-18-2-0022)the New Mexico Consortium(NMC,Grant No.2RNA6)the US Department of Transportation Center:Transportation Consortium of South-Central States(TRANSET)Project 19STUNM02(TRANSET,Grant No.8-18-060ST)。
文摘Wireless smart sensors(WSS)process field data and inform inspectors about the infrastructure health and safety.In bridge engineering,inspectors need reliable data about changes in displacements under loads to make correct decisions about repairs and replacements.Access to displacement information in the field and in real-time remains a challenge as inspectors do not see the data in real time.Displacement data from WSS in the field undergoes additional processing and is seen at a different location.If inspectors were able to see structural displacements in real-time at the locations of interest,they could conduct additional observations,creating a new,information-based,decision-making reality in the field.This paper develops a new,human-centered interface that provides inspectors with real-time access to actionable structural data during inspection and monitoring enhanced by augmented reality(AR).It summarizes and evaluates the development and validation of the new human-infrastructure interface in laboratory experiments.The experiments demonstrate that the interface that processes all calculations in the AR device accurately estimates dynamic displacements in comparison with the laser.Using this new AR interface tool,inspectors can observe and compare displacement data,share it across space and time,visualize displacements in time history,and understand structural deflection more accurately through a displacement time history visualization.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62101138)Shandong Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.ZR2021QD148)+1 种基金Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2022A1515012573)Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Project(Grant No.202102020701)for providing funds for publishing this paper。
文摘As positioning sensors,edge computation power,and communication technologies continue to develop,a moving agent can now sense its surroundings and communicate with other agents.By receiving spatial information from both its environment and other agents,an agent can use various methods and sensor types to localize itself.With its high flexibility and robustness,collaborative positioning has become a widely used method in both military and civilian applications.This paper introduces the basic fundamental concepts and applications of collaborative positioning,and reviews recent progress in the field based on camera,LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging),wireless sensor,and their integration.The paper compares the current methods with respect to their sensor type,summarizes their main paradigms,and analyzes their evaluation experiments.Finally,the paper discusses the main challenges and open issues that require further research.
文摘Blood loss in peacetime is mainly due to the normal menstrual cycle in women or diseases with surgical intervention. In wartime, blood loss in military personnel is a characteristic sign of a closed or open injury of the body during internal or external bleeding. Access to clinical care for wounded military personnel injured on the battlefield is limited and has long delays compared to patients in peacetime. Most of the deaths of wounded military personnel on the battlefield occur within the first hour after being wounded. The most common causes are delay in providing medical care, loss of time for diagnosis, delay in stabilization of pain shock and large blood loss. Some help in overcoming these problems is provided by the data in the individual capsule, which each soldier of the modern army possesses;however, data in an individual capsule is not sufficient to provide emergency medical care in field and hospital conditions. This paper considers a project for development of a smart real-time monitoring wearable system for blood loss and level of shock stress in wounded persons on the battlefield, which provides medical staff in field and hospital conditions with the necessary information to give timely medical care. Although the hospital will require additional information, the basic information about the victims will already be known before he enters the hospital. It is important to emphasize that the key term in this approach is monitoring. It is tracking, and not a one-time measurement of indicators, that is crucial in a valid definition of bleeding.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52072041)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.JQ21007)+2 种基金the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.Y8540XX2D2)the Robotics Rhino-Bird Focused Research Project(No.2020-01-002)the Tencent Robotics X Laboratory.
文摘Humans can perceive our complex world through multi-sensory fusion.Under limited visual conditions,people can sense a variety of tactile signals to identify objects accurately and rapidly.However,replicating this unique capability in robots remains a significant challenge.Here,we present a new form of ultralight multifunctional tactile nano-layered carbon aerogel sensor that provides pressure,temperature,material recognition and 3D location capabilities,which is combined with multimodal supervised learning algorithms for object recognition.The sensor exhibits human-like pressure(0.04–100 kPa)and temperature(21.5–66.2℃)detection,millisecond response times(11 ms),a pressure sensitivity of 92.22 kPa^(−1)and triboelectric durability of over 6000 cycles.The devised algorithm has universality and can accommodate a range of application scenarios.The tactile system can identify common foods in a kitchen scene with 94.63%accuracy and explore the topographic and geomorphic features of a Mars scene with 100%accuracy.This sensing approach empowers robots with versatile tactile perception to advance future society toward heightened sensing,recognition and intelligence.
