Cigarette smoking,body mass index associated with the risks of age-related cataract in male patients in northeast China

AIM: To determine the association between cigarettes smoking, body mass index (BMI) and the risk of age-related cataract (ARC) in middle-aged and elderly men in Northeast China. METHODS: A hospital-based case control study was conducted. Cases (n =362) were men who had surgically treated ARC, 45-85 years old; controls frequency-matched (n=362) were men who had been admitted to the same hospital as cases for other diseases not related with eye diseases. Cases and controls were matched with 1:1. The cases and controls were interviewed during their hospital stay, using a structured interviewer-administrated questionnaire that included information on sociodemographic characteristics, socioeconomic, lifestyle habits (tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption, etc.), anthropometric measures, personal medical history, and family history of ARC in first-degree relatives, and simultaneously BMI was calculated. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of ARC were estimated using multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS: After adjusting for age and multiple potential confounders, higher BMI was associated with an increased risk of ARC. Cigarette smoking, years smoking or moderate cigarette smoking (1-29 cigarettes per day) had no relation with the risk of ARC (P>0.05), although patients smoking >= 30 cigarettes per day had an elevated risk of ARC as compared with the non-smokers (OR=1.55, 95% CI; 1.16-2.85, P=0.026). Higher BMI was associated with an increased risk of ARC. Both overweight and obesity was associated with an obviously increased risk for surgically ARC (OR=1.55, 95% CI:1.02-1.98, P=0.015 and OR=1.71, 95% CI:1.32-2.39, P=0.013 respectively) compared to normal BMI. Then participants were grouped into quartiles of BMI (Q1 to Q4), compared to controls in the lowest quartile, the ORfor cases in the highest quartile of BMI was 1.54 (OR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.08-2.46, P=0.022). The results of univariate analysis showed cigarette smoking was not associated with ARC formation for men with lower or normal BMI (P >0.05). Compared to the non-smokers, for men of overweight or obesity, cigarette smoking was associated with a significantly increased risk for surgically ARC (OR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.49-6.65, P=0.003 and OR=1.66, 95% CI: 1.63-13.21, P=0.002 respectively). Similarly, smokers in the highest quartile of BMI had approximately 1.5 times the risk of ARC as non-smokers in the lowest quartile (OR =1.46, 95% CI: 1.06-5.29, P<0.001). Followed multivariate models revealed that the association had never changed. CONCLUSION: Current cigarette smoking is positively related to ARC only among those who smoking 30 or more cigarettes per day. For men who are both overweight and obesity, cigarette smoking is associated with a significantly increased risk for ARC.

Bsm I(rs1544410) and Fok I(rs2228570) vitamin D receptor polymorphisms, smoking, and body mass index as risk factors of cutaneous malignant melanoma in northeast Italy

Objective:To investigate whether vitamin D receptor gene(VDR)Bsm I-rs1544410 and Fok I-rs2228570 polymorphisms,smoking duration,and body mass index(BMI)are risk factors for cutaneous melanoma,especially metastatic melanoma.Methods:We studied 120 cutaneous melanoma cases[68 stage I and II non-metastatic melanoma(NMet M)patients,plus 52Stage III and IV metastatic melanoma(Met M)patients],and 120 matching healthy controls from northeast Italy.VDR polymorphisms were measured by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.Absence or presence of Bsm I and Fok I restriction sites was denoted by"B"and"F"or by"b"and"f,"respectively.Results:VDR-Bsm I bb genotype was more frequent among Met M(32.7%)than among NMet M cases(13.2%),with odds ratio(OR)=3.18.Comparison of all melanoma patients vs healthy controls showed that the following biomarkers were at risk:≥20 years of smoking(OR=2.43);≥20 years of smoking combined with bb(OR=4.78),Bb+bb(OR=2.30),Ff(OR=3.04),and Ff+ff(OR=3.08);obesity(BMI>30Conclusions:Risk factors for cutaneous Met M include two VDR polymorphisms combined with smoking duration and obesity.Results suggest gene-environment implications in melanoma susceptibility and severity.Future studies in larger cohorts and in subjects with different genetic background are warranted to extend our findings.

Influence of Smoking Status and Body Mass Index on Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen Concentration in Patients with Thoracic Diseases

BACKGROUND: Although the serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) concentration is the well-known prognostic marker of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), serum CEA concentration has been reported to be affected by smoking status and body mass index (BMI). There are no previous investigations that examined the relationship between BMI and serum CEA concentration in thoracic disease, including NSCLC. METHODS: Consecutive 384 NSCLC patients and 87 patients with benign thoracic disease were enrolled. The relationship between serum CEA concentration and smoking status and BMI in patients with benign thoracic benign disease and NSCLC was examined. RESULTS: In patients with benign thoracic disease, serum CEA concentration significantly increased with smoking status and Brinkman index. However, serum CEA concentration was not related with BMI. Serum CEA concentration of patients with NSCLC was significantly higher than those with benign disease. In NSCLC patients, the relationship between serum CEA concentration and smoking status was also found. A significant relationship between serum CEA concentration and smoking status was also found in patients with adenocarcinoma which is known to have weaker associations with smoking in carcinogenesis. On the other hand, we failed to find the relationship between serum CEA concentration and BMI in NSCLC patients. CONCLUSION: Serum CEA concentration may be affected by smoking status but not BMI in our Japanese patients with thoracic disease.

Cyclooxygenase 2 polymorphism and colorectal cancer:-765G>C variant modifies risk associated with smoking and body mass index

AIM： To explore whether cyclooxygenase 2 （COX-2） -765G〉C polymorphism is associated with susceptibility of colorectal cancer （CRC） and to evaluate the risk of colorectal cancer in relation to environmental exposures and polymorphism. METHODS： We conducted a case-control study of 137 patients with colorectal cancer and 199 cancerfree controls in northeast China. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the adjusted odds ratio （OR） and 95% confidence interval （95% CI）. RESULTS： The -765G〉C polymorphism was not independently associated with CRC risk. However, risk associated with the polymorphism differed by smoking and body mass index （BMI）. Smoking and BMI associated risks were stronger among those with -765GG genotype, showing that smokers had a 2.682-fold greater risk of CRC than nonsmokers （51/43 vs 68/126, P = 0.006）. Compared to those with a normal body mass index （BMI 18.5-22.9）, those with overweight （BMI 23-24.9） had a 3.909-fold higher risk of CRC （OR = 3.909, 95% CI = 2.081-7.344; P 〈 0.001）, while those with obesity （BMI 〉 25） had a 2.031- fold higher risk of CRC （OR = 1.107, 95% CI = 1.107-3.726; P = 0.022）. is not associated with an increased risk of CRC, -765GG genotype appears to be related to an increased risk in the presence of smoking and higher BMI.

Body mass index does not affect the survival of pancreatic cancer patients

AIM to evaluate the association of body mass index(b MI) with the overall survival of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) patients.METHODS A retrospective analysis of PDAC patients diagnosed in the National Cancer Center of China between January 1999 and December 2014 was performed. these patients were categorized into four b MI groups(< 18.5, 18.5-22.9, 23-27.4 and ≥ 27.5 kg/m2). χ2 tests for comparison of the proportions of categorical variables, and Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables were employed. Survival analysis was performed with the Kaplan-Meyer method. their HRs of mortality and 95%CIs were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model.RESULTS With a median age of 59.6 years(range: 22.5-84.6 years), in total 1783 PDAC patients were enrolled in this study. their mean usual b MI was 24.19 ± 3.53 for the whole cohort. More than half of the patients(59.3%) experienced weight loss during the disease onset and progression. Compared with healthy-weight individuals, newly diagnosed patients who were overweight or obese had more severe weight loss during their disease onset and progression(P < 0.001). Individuals who were overweight or obese were associated with positive smoking history(P < 0.001). A significant difference in comorbidity of diabetes(P = 0.044) and coronary artery disease(P < 0.001) was identified between high b MI and normal-weight patients. After a median follow-up of 8 mo, the survival analysis showed no association between b MI and the overall survival(P = 0.90, n = 1783). When we stratified the whole cohort by pancreatic cancer stage, no statistically significant association between b MI and overall survival was found for resectable(P = 0.99, n = 217), unresectable locally advanced(P = 0.90, n = 316) and metastatic patients(P = 0.88, n = 1250), respectively. the results did not change when we used the b MI at diagnosis.CONCLUSION Our results showed no significance of b MI for the overall survival of PDAC patients.

Analysis of optical properties of bio-smoke materials in the 0.25–14 μm band

At present, research into optical properties of bio-smoke materials mostly concentrates on single band or single germplasm. Herein, we measured the spectral reflectance of three eukaryotic bio-smoke materials and three prokaryotic bio-smoke materials in the waveband from 0.25 μm to 14μm. Based on the Kramers-Kroning algorithm, the complex refractive index m(λ) was calculated and the Fourier-transform infrared(FTIR) spectra of materials were analyzed. The results show that n(λ) of bio-smoke materials varies between 1.1-2, and n(λ) values in the visible light to near-infrared wavebands are significantly larger than those in other wavebands. The k(λ) of bio-smoke materials varies between 0-0.4.At 6-6.5 μm, k(λ) of prokaryotic materials is 3 times that of eukaryotic materials, which is caused by C=O stretching vibration of amide I and C-N stretching vibration of amide Ⅱ in proteins. At 2.5-3 μm and 9.75 μm, k(λ) values of eukaryotic bio-smoke materials are nearly 2 times that of prokaryotic ones. The absorption peak at 2.5-3 μm is mainly triggered by C-H stretching vibration in lipid and O-H stretching vibration in bound water. The absorption peak at 9.75 μm is mainly caused by symmetric stretching vibration of PO2-in nucleic acids.

Statistical Evaluation of Anthropometric Measures and Oral Health Status in Terms of Diet, Smoking and Brushing Habits

Introduction and Objective: The aim of this research was to find out the interaction of anthropometric measurements particularly body mass and oral health status of Turkish young adult nationals regionally, depending on the effects of diet (food and fluid consumption), smoking and tooth brushing habits, which were determined by using the body mass index (BMI) and dental health index (DMFT). Material and Methods: The BMI and DMFT of 202 cases, with an age average 22.5 years, were recorded through physical and clinical examinations. Statistical evaluation of the data was checked by Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability Scale and performed by analysis of variance, Somer’s d and Pearson Chi-Square statistics, Poisson Regression and Odds Ratio analysis. Results: The results showed that the mean of BMI was at the optimum level (21.52) for all cases. The DMFT was higher for underweight females and for overweight males. The mean of DMFT according to sexes seemingly had no significant difference;however, females had 8.6% more DMFT than males. When the risk factors of dental caries were evaluated, the DMFT was found as 19.3% more for cases consuming high carbohydrate foods, 4.5% more for high beverage consumption and 18% more for smokers. Conclusions: In conclusion, tooth brushing 3 or more times a day is necessary to decrease the DMFT and tooth brushing 3 times a day as opposed to 1 or 2 times shows significant difference regarding oral health.

Paclitaxel for second-line treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck:A multicenter retrospective Italian study

BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck(SCCHN)accounts for 3%of all malignant tumors in Italy.Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy is first-line treatment for SCCHN;however,second-line treatment options are limited.Taxanes are widely used for combination therapy of SCCHN,as clinical trials have shown their efficacy in patients with this disease,partic ularly in patients with prior therapy.AIM To perform a multicenter retrospective study on the efficacy and safety of weekly paclitaxel for SCCHN.METHODS All patients were previously treated with at least one systemic therapy regimen,which included platinum-based therapy in the vast majority.No patient received prior immunotherapy.RESULTS Median progression-free survival(mPFS)was 3.4 months and median overall survival(mOS)was 6.5 months.Subgroup analysis was performed according to three principal prognostic factors:Smoking,alcohol consumption,and body mass index.Analysis demonstrated reduced survival,both mOS and mPFS,in the unfavorable prognostic groups,with the biggest deltas observed in mOS.CONCLUSION Weekly paclitaxel provided favorable survival and disease control rates,with low severe adverse events.Paclitaxel is a safe and valid therapeutic option for patients with SCCHN who received prior therapy.

Influence of Hypertension, Lipometabolism Disorders,Obesity and Other Lifestyles on SpontaneousIntracerebral Hemorrhage

Objective To investigate whether hypertension, abnormal lipometabolism, obesity, cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking affect the intracerebral hemorrhagic volumes (IHV) in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SIHP), and to explore the roles of these factors in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SIH). Methods Five hundred patients with acute SIH and 200 healthy adult volunteers (HAV) were enrolled in a study of independently randomized controlled design, in which the levels of systolic pressure (SP) and diastolic pressure (DP), and total cholesterol (TCH), triacylglycerols (triglycerides, TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CH), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-CH) in serum as well as the level of erythrocytic membrane cholesterol (EM-CH) were measured, and the body mass index (BMI), daily cigarette smoking consumption (DCSC) and daily pure alcohol consumption (DPAC) were calculated. Results Compared with the average parameters in the HAV group, those of SP, DP, TG, LDL-CH and BMI in the SIHP group were significantly increased (P<0.0001), while those of HDL-CH and EM-CH were significantly decreased (P<0.0001). The linear regression and correlation analysis showed that with increased SP, DP, LDL-CH, BMI, DCSC, DPAC and aging as well as decreased HDL-CH and EM-CH, the IHV levels in SIHP were increased gradually (P<0.0001-0.01). The linear stepwise regression analysis suggested that there existed a close correlation among the values of SP, DP, TCH, TG, HDL-CH, LDL-CH, EM-CH, BMI, DCSC, DPAC, age and fflV of the SIH patients, and that Y = - 12.4583 + 0.1127SP -1.1977EM-CH + 0.9788LDL-CH + 0.2477BMI + 0.0382DCSC + 0.0248DP,P<0.0001-0.05. Conclusions The findings in the present study suggest that significantly increased systolic and diastolic pressure, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index and daily cigarette smoking consumption, and significantly decreased erythrocytic membrane cholesterol may be likely the main factors affecting intracerebral hemorrhagic volumes in patients with acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

Lifestyle factors and long-term survival of gastric cancer patients:A large bidirectional cohort study from China

BACKGROUND Lifestyle factors such as body mass index(BMI),alcohol drinking,and cigarette smoking,are likely to impact the prognosis of gastric cancer,but the evidence has been inconsistent.AIM To investigate the association of lifestyle factors and long-term prognosis of gastric cancer patients in the China National Cancer Center.METHODS Patients with gastric cancer were identified from the China National Cancer Center Gastric Cancer Database 1998-2018.Survival analysis was performed via Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards models.RESULTS In this study,we reviewed 18441 cases of gastric cancer.Individuals who were overweight or obese were associated with a positive smoking and drinking history(P=0.002 and P<0.001,respectively).Current smokers were more likely to be current alcohol drinkers(61.3%vs 10.1%vs 43.2%for current,never,and former smokers,respectively,P<0.001).Multivariable results indicated that BMI at diagnosis had no significant effect on prognosis.In gastrectomy patients,factors independently associated with poor survival included older age(HR=1.20,95%CI:1.05-1.38,P=0.001),any weight loss(P<0.001),smoking history of more than 30 years(HR=1.14,95%CI:1.04-1.24,P=0.004),and increasing pTNM stage(P<0.001).CONCLUSION In conclusion,our results contribute to a better understanding of lifestyle factors on the overall burden of gastric cancer and long-term prognosis.In these patients,weight loss(both in the 0 to 10%and>10%groups)but not BMI at diagnosis was related to survival outcomes.With regard to other factors,smoking history of more than 30 years conferred a worse prognosis only in patients who underwent gastrectomy.Extensive efforts are needed to elucidate mechanisms targeting the complex effects of lifestyle factors.

Association between head-and-neck cancers and active and passive cigarette smoking

Although there have been many reports on the toxicity of tobacco smoke, fewer studies have reported the relationship between the smoke and carcinogenesis of head-and-neck cancers. It is assumed that direct stimulations due to tobacco smoke, such as chemical and mechanical stimulations, strongly influence the epithelium of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, and larynx. We investigated the influence of active and passive cigarette smoking on head-and-neck cancers. The subjects were 283 head-and-neck cancer patients examined at the otolaryngology department of Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital in a 9-year and 2-month period from April 2001 to June 2010, in whom the presence or absence of active and passive cigarette smoking could be confirmed in detail. The active and passive smoking rates and the Brinkman index were retrospectively investigated according to the primary cancer site, gender, and histopathological classification. The active and passive smoking rates were high (about 90%) in patients with hypopharyngeal, laryngeal, and cervical esophageal cancers, and the Brinkman index was high in all. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients accounted for a high ratio of the head-and-neck cancer patients, and the active and passive smoking rates were significantly higher in SCC than in non-squamous cell carcinoma (non-SCC) patients (p < 0.0003). The active and passive smoking rates and the Brinkman index were high in patients with head-and-neck cancers in regions receiving strong direct stimulation from tobacco smoke, and the Brinkman index was also high in these patients, suggesting that carcinogenesis of head-and-neck cancers is strongly influenced by direct tobacco smoke stimulation.

Health behavior after intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

Background: Pregnancy is an opportunity to adopt favorable health behaviors. We studied whether intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) promotes favorable health behavior in later life. Design: A prospective controlled cohort study. The method was a questionnaire survey in 2010 among 575 women with ICP and 1374 controls, all having delivered between the years 1969 and 1988 in Tampere University Hospital in Finland. Questionnaires were sent to 544 ICP patients and 1235 controls. Responses were received from 1178 (response rate 66.2%). The main outcome measures concerning recent or current health behavior were smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, body mass index (BMI) and special diet. Results: Current smoking was less common in the ICP group than among controls (10.5% vs 15.7%, p = 0.017). Assessed by smoking pack years there was a similar difference: in the ICP group 11.7% of women had at least 10 smoking pack years compared to 18.0% of the controls (p = 0.006). Recent alcohol consumption did not separate the two groups. The groups did not differ as to reported physical activity assessed in MET units. Fewer ICP women had had BMIs of 30 or more during pregnancy compared with controls (18.8% vs 25.1%, p = 0.023). In other points of life the BMI differences were not statistically significant. Weight-loss diet and gallbladder diet were more common in the ICP group (6.3% vs 3.6%, p = 0.044, and 3.0% vs 1.3%, p = 0.038). Conclusions: Having developed ICP two to four decades earlier seemed to constitute an effective intervention for smoking habits but not for other aspects of health behavior.

Fasting biochemical hypoglycemia and related-factors in nondiabetic population: Kanagawa Investigation of Total Check-up Data from National Database-8

BACKGROUND In healthy people,the lowest daily blood glucose concentration is usually observed in the early morning,after overnight fasting.However,the clinical relevance and the prevalence of fasting biochemical hypoglycemia(FBH)are poorly understood in people who do not have diabetes,although the clinical implications of such hypoglycemia have been extensively studied in patients with diabetes.FBH can be influenced by many factors,including age,sex,body mass,smoking,alcohol drinking,exercise levels,medications,and eating behaviors,such as breakfast skipping and late-night eating.AIM To determine the prevalence of FBH and investigated its association with potential risk factors in a population without diabetes.METHODS Clinical parameters and lifestyle-related factors were assessed in a cross-sectional study of 695613 people aged 40-74 years who had undergone a health check-up(390282 men and 305331 women).FBH was defined as fasting plasma glucose<70 mg/dL(3.9 mmol/L)after overnight fasting,regardless of any symptoms.The absence of diabetes was defined as HbA1c<6.5%,fasting plasma glucose<126 mg/dL(7.0 mmol/L),and no pharmacotherapy for diabetes.Multivariate logistic regression analysis,with adjustment for confounding factors,was used to identify associations.RESULTS FBH was present in 1842 participants(0.26%).There were significantly more women in the FBH group(59.1%)than in the non-FBH group(43.9%).Values of most of the clinical parameters,but not age,were significantly lower in the FBH group than in the non-FBH group.Logistic regression analysis showed that a body mass index of≤20.9 kg/m2(reference:21-22.9 kg/m2)and current smoking were significantly associated with FBH,and this was not altered by adjustment for age,sex,and pharmacotherapy for hypertension or dyslipidemia.Female sex was associated with FBH.When the data were analyzed according to sex,men in their 60s or 70s appeared more likely to experience FBH compared with their 40s,whereas men in their 50s and women aged≥50 years appeared less likely to experience FBH.The relationships of FBH with other factors including alcohol drinking and pharmacotherapies for hypertension and dyslipidemia also differed between men and women.CONCLUSION FBH occurs even in non-diabetic people,albeit at a very low frequency.FBH is robustly associated with low body mass and smoking,and its relationship with lifestyle factors varies according to sex.

Semen Quality in the General Population of Bulgaria

Background: With the accumulating evidence of semen difference between distinct populations we decided to conduct a population-based prospective study to assess the reproductive capabilities of the Bulgarian males. Objective: To evaluate the semen parameters in men from the general population of Bulgaria. To analyze the effects of BMI (Body mass index) and tobacco smoking on semen characteristics. Methods: 482 males without history of reproductive problems were included for the purpose of this study. The duration of our study was from April to May in 2016 and April in 2017. The volunteers were subdivided based on their smoking status and on their BMI. After semen collection, a conventional semen analysis was carried out manually by trained embryologists in an andrology laboratory according to WHO recommendations. The results were statistically analyzed and presented with their mean values. Result(s): After semen analysis we report a mean of 3.29 ml for semen volume, 40.68 × 106/ml for spermatozoa concentration, 128.38 × 106 for total sperm count, 52.54% of total motile spermatozoa in the ejaculate and a mean percentage of morphologically normal sperm standing at 9.6%. We did not find a negative effect of tobacco smoking on semen quality;however higher BMI is associated with lower sperm concentration per ml. Discussion and Conclusion(s): This is the first contemporary study, assessing semen quality in Bulgarians. The results obtained here show the lower quality of semen in Bulgaria, compared to other countries. No statistical differences were found between the semen quality of nonsmokers and smokers. Higher BMI was found to be associated with lower sperm concentration per milliliter.

不同梗签含量对中支卷烟品质的影响

目的:研究梗签含量对卷烟品质的影响。方法:向中支卷烟中添加不同质量比例的梗签(0.0%、1.8%、3.6%、5.4%、7.2%、9.0%、10.8%、12.6%、14.4%),检测燃烧时间、烟支密度、燃烧锥掉落倾向、物理指标和烟气指标等烟支品质相关指标。结果:少量梗签添加(1.8%、3.6%)对烟支锥头形成及掉头具有改善作用,且能够改善烟碱量、焦油、一氧化碳等烟气指标稳定性。结论:低比例梗签添加与高比例添加相比较,提高了卷烟的烟气品质。

精子DNA碎片率与年龄、精液参数和生活习惯相关性分析

目的分析男性精子DNA碎片率(DFI)与年龄、精液参数和生活习惯相关性。方法选择405例患者进行一般描述性分析、回归分析,观察有无统计学意义。结果主要体现在年龄与精子DFI呈正向相关、雌二醇和精子DFI负相关(P<0.05)。不抽烟不喝酒与精子DFI负相关(P<0.05)。结论男性年龄、生殖激素水平、生活习惯与精子DFI有相关性。生活习惯或许是造成男性生育力下降的因素之一,但是其分子机理以及损伤机制仍然需要通过进一步的体内外实验进行证实。此外,考虑到当前实验在选择研究对象时可能存在未有效鉴别和剔除其他可变因素的情况,本研究尚需进行进一步大样本量对实验进行验证。

吸烟、饮酒、熬夜对精子DFI的影响

目的探讨吸烟、饮酒、熬夜对男性精子DNA碎片率(DFI)的影响。方法选取2020年6月至2022年6月男性不育症患者405例。调查并分析其饮酒抽烟熬夜情况及其关联性。结果长期吸烟可损害精子的生物活性,并降低其活力。频繁饮酒是影响精子活力的因素。结论吸烟、饮酒、熬夜可对精子DNA碎片化造成负面影响。

造纸法再造烟叶对卷烟产品感官质量与烟气指标的影响研究

造纸法再造烟叶的技术已经相对成熟,国内外卷烟厂对造纸法再造烟叶的使用需求也在不断扩大。对此,简述了造纸法再造烟叶的特点和应用价值,分析了造纸法再造烟叶的生产工艺。为了解造纸法再造烟叶卷烟产品质量的差异性,选择4种造纸法再造烟叶制成卷烟样品,由评吸员对样品的香气特性、协调特性、烟气特性、口感特性等项目进行评价。之后采用同种造纸法再造烟叶以不同的比例掺配到卷烟产品中,根据相关测试标准测定不同添加量下卷烟产品的烟气指标变化。结果表明,该评价方法对造纸法再造烟叶卷烟产品感官质量的判定具有指导意义;随着再造烟叶使用比例的增加,卷烟中的焦油量、烟气烟碱量以及抽吸口数都呈逐步降低的趋势。

海藻酸钠口腔用水凝胶治疗牙周炎老年吸烟患者的短期疗效观察

目的探析海藻酸钠口腔用水凝胶对老年吸烟牙周炎患者牙周状况及龈沟液可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)、白细胞介素(IL)-1β水平的短期疗效。方法选取杭州市萧山区中医院2020年8月至2022年10月收治的152例老年吸烟牙周炎患者作为研究对象,根据治疗方法分为2组,对照组76例,在龈下刮治后应用碘甘油,观察组76例,在龈下刮治后应用海藻酸钠口腔用水凝胶。测量并统计分析2组治疗前后牙周指标[牙龈指数(GI)、龈沟出血指数(SBI)、牙菌斑指数(PLI)、牙周袋深度(PD)及附着丧失(AL)]和龈沟液sICAM-1、IL-1β、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、不良反应发生率及短期复发率。结果2组治疗后GI、SBI、PLI、PD及AL均减小(P<0.001),观察组治疗后GI、SBI、PLI、PD及AL小于对照组,差异有统计意义(t=10.450、6.295、7.372、14.454、7.280,P<0.001);2组治疗后龈沟液sICAM-1、IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-α水平均降低(P<0.001),观察组治疗后龈沟液sICAM-1、IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-α水平低于对照组,相比差异有统计意义(t=8.993、9.684、10.184、5.664,P<0.001)。2组患者的不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随访3个月,失访率为3.3%,观察组的复发率为低于对照组的复发率(1.3%与9.6%),2组对比差异存统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.846,P=0.028)。结论海藻酸钠口腔用水凝胶能够有效改善老年吸烟牙周炎患者牙周状况,抑制牙周袋深处炎症反应,减少短期复发率,值得临床予以推广应用。

不同膨胀型防火涂料烟毒性对比分析研究

为研究膨胀型防火涂料在火灾时的烟毒性特征,采用NBS烟密度实验箱对6种膨胀型防火涂料进行实验室尺度火灾模拟实验,结合傅立叶红外(FTIR)分析系统对烟气中8种气体进行采样分析,采用常规毒性指数(CIT_(G))定量评价烟气毒性。结果表明:膨胀型防火涂料受热后产生的烟气主要组分为CO_(2)、CO、NO_(x)和HCN;环氧树脂基膨胀型防火涂料的毒性较其他树脂基的涂料大很多,4 min和8 min时NO_(x)气体质量浓度分别为108.43 mg·m^(-3)和136.47 mg·m^(-3),均大于基准浓度38 mg·m^(-3),8 min时的CITG值达到0.377。FITR气体分析方法可实现在线、多组分气体快速分析,但气体含量在检出限附近时干扰和误差较大。