Experiments were conducted in a 1:20 arced tunnel model to investigate the effect of canyon cross wind on buoyancy induced smoke flow characteristics of pool fres,involving smoke movement behaviour and longitudinal te...Experiments were conducted in a 1:20 arced tunnel model to investigate the effect of canyon cross wind on buoyancy induced smoke flow characteristics of pool fres,involving smoke movement behaviour and longitudinal temperature distribution of smoke layer.The canyon wind speed,longitudinal fre location and fre size were varied.Results show that there are two special smoke behaviours with the fre source positioned at different flow feld zones.When the fire source is positioned at the negative pressure zone,with increasing canyon wind speed,the smoke always exists upstream mainly due to the vortex,and the smoke temperature near the fire source increases frst and then decreases.However,when the fre source is located in the transition zone and the unidirectional flow zone,there is no smoke appearing upstream with a certain canyon wind speed.Meanwhile,the smoke temperature near the fre sources are decreases with increasing canyon wind speed.The dimensionless temperature rise of the smoke layer OT:*along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel follows a good exponential decay.As the canyon wind speed increases,the longitudinal decay rate of△T.*decreases.The longitudinal decay rate of AT*downstream of the fire is related to the fre location and canyon wind speed,and independent of the fire size.The empirical correlations for predicting the longitudinal decay of OT:*downstream of the fre are established.For a relatively large-scale fre,the longitudinal decay rate of AT:*upstream of the fire increases as the distance between the fire source and the upstream portal increases,especially for larger canyon wind speeds.展开更多
发电厂厂区内违规吸烟易导致火灾、爆炸等事故,会带来巨大损失;针对电厂内人员违规吸烟行为检测精度不高的问题,提出一种基于改进YOLOv5s(You Only Look Once v5s)的电厂内人员违规吸烟检测方法;该方法以YOLOv5s网络为基础,将YOLOv5s网...发电厂厂区内违规吸烟易导致火灾、爆炸等事故,会带来巨大损失;针对电厂内人员违规吸烟行为检测精度不高的问题,提出一种基于改进YOLOv5s(You Only Look Once v5s)的电厂内人员违规吸烟检测方法;该方法以YOLOv5s网络为基础,将YOLOv5s网络C3模块Bottleneck中的3×3卷积替换为多头自注意力层以提高算法的学习能力;接着在网络中添加ECA(Efficient Channel Attention)注意力模块,让网络更加关注待检测目标;同时将YOLOv5s网络的损失函数替换为SIoU(Scylla Intersection over Union),进一步提高算法的检测精度;最后采用加权双向特征金字塔网络(BiFPN,Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network)代替原先YOLOv5s的特征金字塔网络,快速进行多尺度特征融合;实验结果表明,改进后算法吸烟行为的检测精度为89.3%,与改进前算法相比平均精度均值(mAP,mean Average Precision)提高了2.2%,检测效果显著提升,具有较高应用价值。展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Founda-tion of China (Grant No.51974361)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China (No.2020JJ3046)the Fundamen-tal Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University (Grant Nos.2021zzts0762,502501004 and 502045009).
文摘Experiments were conducted in a 1:20 arced tunnel model to investigate the effect of canyon cross wind on buoyancy induced smoke flow characteristics of pool fres,involving smoke movement behaviour and longitudinal temperature distribution of smoke layer.The canyon wind speed,longitudinal fre location and fre size were varied.Results show that there are two special smoke behaviours with the fre source positioned at different flow feld zones.When the fire source is positioned at the negative pressure zone,with increasing canyon wind speed,the smoke always exists upstream mainly due to the vortex,and the smoke temperature near the fire source increases frst and then decreases.However,when the fre source is located in the transition zone and the unidirectional flow zone,there is no smoke appearing upstream with a certain canyon wind speed.Meanwhile,the smoke temperature near the fre sources are decreases with increasing canyon wind speed.The dimensionless temperature rise of the smoke layer OT:*along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel follows a good exponential decay.As the canyon wind speed increases,the longitudinal decay rate of△T.*decreases.The longitudinal decay rate of AT*downstream of the fire is related to the fre location and canyon wind speed,and independent of the fire size.The empirical correlations for predicting the longitudinal decay of OT:*downstream of the fre are established.For a relatively large-scale fre,the longitudinal decay rate of AT:*upstream of the fire increases as the distance between the fire source and the upstream portal increases,especially for larger canyon wind speeds.
文摘发电厂厂区内违规吸烟易导致火灾、爆炸等事故,会带来巨大损失;针对电厂内人员违规吸烟行为检测精度不高的问题,提出一种基于改进YOLOv5s(You Only Look Once v5s)的电厂内人员违规吸烟检测方法;该方法以YOLOv5s网络为基础,将YOLOv5s网络C3模块Bottleneck中的3×3卷积替换为多头自注意力层以提高算法的学习能力;接着在网络中添加ECA(Efficient Channel Attention)注意力模块,让网络更加关注待检测目标;同时将YOLOv5s网络的损失函数替换为SIoU(Scylla Intersection over Union),进一步提高算法的检测精度;最后采用加权双向特征金字塔网络(BiFPN,Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network)代替原先YOLOv5s的特征金字塔网络,快速进行多尺度特征融合;实验结果表明,改进后算法吸烟行为的检测精度为89.3%,与改进前算法相比平均精度均值(mAP,mean Average Precision)提高了2.2%,检测效果显著提升,具有较高应用价值。
