Influence of Cues to Action towards Uptake of Immunohistochemistry Services among Women with Breast Cancer Attending Tertiary Health Facilities

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women, making it a significant global public health issue. Although developed countries have a higher incidence of breast cancer, developing countries like Nigeria have a low incidence rate but higher rates of morbidity and mortality from the disease. Objective: This study explored how cues to action influenced the use of immunohistochemistry by women in Imo State and how many of them used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to diagnose their condition. Methodology: We used a descriptive study methodology for the investigation, and 121 participants were chosen at random from the 891 total population. The respondents were chosen through a systematic sampling procedure. Structured questionnaire was used as the data collection tool, and the statistical software for social science (SPSS) was used to analyze the data. Results: The mean age of the 121 participants in the study was 45.2 ± 0.7 years. The study found that awareness of IHC services is a significant influencing factor for the uptake and health personnel is the major source of awareness of IHC services. Cues to action particularly from health workers, as well as knowledge of any victim of breast cancer and user of IHC services, also significantly influenced uptake of the IHC services (P Conclusion: In our study, utilization of IHC services was also impacted by cues to action, particularly from healthcare professionals, as well as awareness of any breast cancer victims and those who used IHC services thus cues to action is a major predicator of immunohistochemistry uptake among women with breast cancer.

Mining Fine-Grain Face Forgery Cues with Fusion Modality

Face forgery detection is drawing ever-increasing attention in the academic community owing to security concerns.Despite the considerable progress in existing methods,we note that:Previous works overlooked finegrain forgery cues with high transferability.Such cues positively impact the model’s accuracy and generalizability.Moreover,single-modality often causes overfitting of the model,and Red-Green-Blue(RGB)modal-only is not conducive to extracting the more detailed forgery traces.We propose a novel framework for fine-grain forgery cues mining with fusion modality to cope with these issues.First,we propose two functional modules to reveal and locate the deeper forged features.Our method locates deeper forgery cues through a dual-modality progressive fusion module and a noise adaptive enhancement module,which can excavate the association between dualmodal space and channels and enhance the learning of subtle noise features.A sensitive patch branch is introduced on this foundation to enhance the mining of subtle forgery traces under fusion modality.The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed framework can desirably explore the differences between authentic and forged images with supervised learning.Comprehensive evaluations of several mainstream datasets show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art detection methods with remarkable detection ability and generalizability.

基于CUES分析的威胁评估技术

威胁评估是海军指控系统的一项重要技术,cues分析则是威胁评估中的重要组成部分。威胁评估过程中cues的来源,使用哪些cues,这些cues之间的关系如何,它们与威胁水平之间的关系如何,当cues存在冲突信息时对威胁评估过程又有哪些影响,对这些问题进行了研究,并提出了一种改进的TA认知模型。

Male Music Frogs Compete Vocally on the Basis of Temporal Sequence Rather Than Spatial Cues of Rival Calls

Male-male vocal competition in anuran species may be influenced by cues related to the temporal sequence of male calls as well by internal temporal, spectral and spatial ones. Nevertheless, the conditions under which each type of cue is important remain unclear. Since the salience of different cues could be reflected by dynamic properties of male-male competition under certain experimental manipulation, we investigated the effects of repeating playbacks of conspecific calls on male call production in the Emei music frog（Babina daunchina）. In Babina, most males produce calls from nest burrows which modify the spectral features of the cues. Females prefer calls produced from inside burrows which are defined as highly sexually attractive（HSA） while those produced outside burrows as low sexual attractiveness（LSA）. In this study HSA and LSA calls were broadcasted either antiphonally or stereophonically through spatially separated speakers in which the temporal sequence and/or spatial position of the playbacks was either predictable or random. Results showed that most males consistently avoided producing advertisement calls overlapping the playback stimuli and generally produced calls competitively in advance of the playbacks. Furthermore males preferentially competed with the HSA calls when the sequence was predictable but competed equally with HSA and LSA calls if the sequence was random regardless of the availability of spatial cues, implying that males relied more on available sequence cues than spatial ones to remain competitive.

Teaching New Mothers about Infant Feeding Cues May Increase Breastfeeding Duration

The objective of this pilot study was to compare two different methods of educating prenatal women regarding breast-feeding. Comparisons were made between traditional and innovative methods to determine which was more effective in increasing breastfeeding duration. Over a 32 month period, 197 prenatal women were assigned to either a control (C, n = 139) or an experimental (E, n = 51) group. The C group received standard breastfeeding education, while the E group received standard education in addition to information about infant hunger cues. Cox Regression and Kap-lan- Meier analysis were performed. Estimated mean number of weeks for C and E groups to continue breastfeeding was 14.3 + 17.4 weeks and 18.5 + 17.1 weeks, respectively. At 26 weeks, duration of breastfeeding approached significance (chi square = 2.907, df = 1, p = 0.088), indicating probability of continuing to breastfeed was about 28% better for those in E group when compared to C group. Duration of breastfeeding may increase when prenatal women are taught to identify infant behavior such as hunger cues.

Understanding Nonverbal Communication Cues of Human Personality Traits in Human-Robot Interaction

With the increasing presence of robots in our daily life,there is a strong need and demand for the strategies to acquire a high quality interaction between robots and users by enabling robots to understand users’mood,intention,and other aspects.During human-human interaction,personality traits have an important influence on human behavior,decision,mood,and many others.Therefore,we propose an efficient computational framework to endow the robot with the capability of understanding the user’s personality traits based on the user’s nonverbal communication cues represented by three visual features including the head motion,gaze,and body motion energy,and three vocal features including voice pitch,voice energy,and mel-frequency cepstral coefficient(MFCC).We used the Pepper robot in this study as a communication robot to interact with each participant by asking questions,and meanwhile,the robot extracts the nonverbal features from each participant’s habitual behavior using its on-board sensors.On the other hand,each participant’s personality traits are evaluated with a questionnaire.We then train the ridge regression and linear support vector machine(SVM)classifiers using the nonverbal features and personality trait labels from a questionnaire and evaluate the performance of the classifiers.We have verified the validity of the proposed models that showed promising binary classification performance on recognizing each of the Big Five personality traits of the participants based on individual differences in nonverbal communication cues.

Orientation of larval and juvenile horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus to visual cues: Effects of chemical odors

Adult horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus have long served as models for the study of vision in marine arthropods.Yet,little is known about the ability of early life history stages to detect and respond to visual cues.We examined the visuallydirected movements of larvae and first stage juveniles to horizons containing dark visual targets of different sizes.The studytested the hypotheses that (1) larval and juvenile crabs can detect and respond to visual targets and (2) the direction of orientationvaries with the presence of chemical cues associated with settlement habitats.Orientation of larval and juvenile crabs torectangles subtending angles from 30-330° was tested in a circular arena containing water that either lacked estuarine chemicalcues (offshore water) or contained odors from aquatic vegetation or known predators.In the absence of chemical odors,larvaeoriented toward and juveniles moved away from dark horizons subtending angles > 60°.When placed in water containingchemical odors from potential nursery habitats,including the seagrasses Halodule wrightii and Syringodium filiforme,crabsreversed their direction of orientation relative to their responses in offshore water.Odors from two known predators,themummichug Fundulus grandis and blue crab Callinectes sapidus,had no affect on the orientation of larvae.Yet,juvenilesresponded to both odors by moving toward the visual target.Results support the hypothesis that the visual orientation of larvaland juvenile horseshoe crabs changes upon exposure to habitat and predator cues and that the direction of the response undergoesan ontogenetic shift following

3D printed nerve guidance channels: computer-aided control of geometry, physical cues, biological supplements and gradients

Nerve guidance channels for peripheral nerve injury： Over the past decade, nerve guidance channels （NGCs） have emerged as a promising technology for regenerating gap injuries in peripheral nerves. Nerve gap injuries resulting from neurodegeneration and trauma, such as car accidents and battlefield wounds, affect hun- dreds of thousands of people annually. Motivated by suboptimal results obtained with the current gold standard of autologous grafting （i.e., autografts）, various commercially available NGCs composed of synthetic and biomaterials are now alternatively available （Jia et al., 2014; Jones et al., 2016）.

Male horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus use multiple sensory cues to locate mates

The use of multisensory cues to locate mates can increase an organism's success by acting as a back-up plan whenone system fails, by providing additional information to the receiver, and by increasing their ability to detect mates using sensesthat have different ranges in a variable aquatic environment. In this contribution we review the sensory cues that male horseshoecrabs Limulus polyphemus are known to use when locating mates and then provide new data that shed light on this subject. Duringthe breeding season, females migrate into shore during high tides to spawn. Males attach to females as they approach thebeach or are attracted to pairs already spawning. Vision is well established as an important cue in attracting males. Althoughchemoreception is well known in other marine arthropods, and horseshoe crabs have the anatomy available, there are few studieson chemical cues in this species. Experiments are presented here that provide evidence for chemical cue use. We show that the attraction,and retention, of attached and satellite males to actively spawning females and mating pairs involves multimodal

Predatory Cues Influence the Behavioral Responses and Metamorphic Traits of Polypedates maculatus(Anura: Rhacophoridae)

Mechanisms of predator detection and the influence of the presence of nonlethal predators on antipredator defense behavior and metamorphic traits were studied in the Indian tree frog, Polypedates maculatus. Exposure of P. maculatus tadpoles to chemical cues of caged predator（crabs, Barytelphusa spp.） fed with either conspecific or heterogeneric tadpoles, or were starved elicited defense behavior（by avoiding predator zone） in them. Such a behavior was not evident when exposed to predators housed in a glass beaker（visual cues）. Both early（Gosner stage 27–28） and later（Gosner stage 35–36） stage tadpoles when exposed to caged predators（fed with conspecific tadpoles）, prey tadpoles spent less time swimming and remained motionless for longer periods. Yet, the time spent by prey in feeding was unaffected. Further, the predator avoidance behavior exhibited by them was of the same intensity regardless of whether the caged predators were fed or starved implying the influence of predator＇s kairomones. Tadpoles reared with caged predator reached the metamorphic climax stage（MC stage; Gosner stage 42） earlier than those reared without a predator. Size at emergence（Gosner stage 46） was comparable in both the groups. The findings suggest that P. maculatus tadpoles assess predation risk chiefly by sensing kairomones of the predator in eliciting antipredator defense behaviors. Accelerated development and early metamorphosis without any compromise of the size at emergence may be due to their unaltered feeding activity.

Encoding of local and global cues in domestic dogs’ spatial working memory

The current study investigated whether domestic dogs encode local and/or global cues in spatial working memory. Seven dogs were trained to use a source of allocentric information (local and/or global cues) to locate an attractive object they saw move and disappear behind one of the three opaque boxes arrayed in front of them. To do so, after the disappearance of the target object and out of the dogs’ knowledge, all sources of allocentric information were simultaneously shifted to a new spatial position and the dogs were forced to follow a U-shaped pathway leading to the hiding box. Out of the seven dogs that were trained in the detour problem, only three dogs learned to use the cues that were moved from trial to trial. On tests, local (boxes and experimenter) and/or global cues (walls of the room) were systematically and drastically shifted to a new position in the testing chamber. Although they easily succeeded the control trials, the three dogs failed to use a specific source of allocentric information when local and global cues were put in conflict. In discussion, we explore several hypotheses to explain why dogs have difficulties to use allocentric cues to locate a hidden object in a detour problem and why they do not differentiate the local and global cues in this particular experimental setting.

Relevance of Visual, Auditory, and Olfactory Cues in Pet Dogs’ Awareness of Humans

Many studies have looked at how dogs respond to human communicative information. Here, we examined which human communicative factors were important in influencing dogs’ responses. Eleven healthy pet dogs with no apparent aggressive behaviour toward people were recruited. Five sensory conditions (all cues presented;either a visual, an auditory, or an olfactory cue presented;no cues presented) were provided three times randomly to each dog during the tests. All tests were video recorded, and both the dogs’ behaviour and time taken to reach the person when she presented each of the sensory cue conditions were observed. Total rates of reaching the person were as follows: 97.0% (all cues), 87.9% (auditory cues), 84.4% (visual cues), 84.4% (olfactory cues), and 69.7% (no cues). The time taken for the dog to notice the person in the box and then obtain a reward from her differed among the five conditions: all cues (6.00 ± 0.32 s) and visual cues (6.02 ± 0.91 s) were significantly faster than auditory cues (18.56 ± 9.57 s) and no cues (26.55 ± 11.72 s). Thus the type of information input was important in recognition of the person by the dogs and influenced the dogs’ response times;visual cues appeared advantageous in confirming the person’s presence.

Age Related Changes in Attentional Bias Triggered by Gaze Cues

We investigated if attentional bias directed to the right increased with age. We assessed the characteristics of the following types of eye-gaze by using the Posner cueing paradigm. Younger (n =16) and older (n = 20) adults participated in this study. First of all, a face which looked straight ahead was presented at the center of screen, followed by a gaze cue that looked left or right. Immediately after this informative cue, a target stimulus (“*”) appeared to the left or right of the face. The stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) between the cue and the target was selected from 300, 700, and 1100 ms. Participants were required to judge whether the target appeared to the left or the right of the gaze cue as quickly and accurately as possible. Results showed that older adults indicate a larger positive gaze-cueing effect when the eye-gaze shifted rightward, whereas this effect was not observed for a leftward shift. Moreover, a negative gaze-cueing effect (inhibition of return) was observed when the SOA was longer only for the leftward eye-gaze shift of older adults. These modulations of the cueing effect did not appear in younger adults. These findings demonstrate that the rightward attentional bias in older adults is more robust than the leftward bias.

Effect of Biophysical Cues on Cell Reprogramming

Cell reprograming technologies have broad applications in cell therapy,disease modeling and drug screening.Direct reprogramming is the process of converting from one cell type into a very distantly related cell type.In this direct conversion process,cells do not proceed through a pluripotent stage,which can be time-consuming and challenging due to spontaneous differentiation.This method also offers the advantage of circumventing the teratoma potential that is associated with using iPSCs.Previous works have demonstrated that with the use of genetic manipulation,fibroblasts can be directly converted into other cell types,including neurons,cardiomyocytes,blood cell progenitors,and hepatocytes.It is well known that the microenvironment can directs cell fate,and in turn cells interact with or remodel their niches.Accumulative evidence suggests that biophysical factors such as the microtopography and mechanical property of cell adhesive substrates regulate a variety of cellular functions such as migration,proliferation and differentiation,which in turn can modulate wound healing,tissue remodeling and tumor growth,but there are limited number of studies on the roles of biophysical cues in cell reprogramming[1].Passive topographical cues offer a simple and effective method to improve reprogramming efficiency without the need for biochemical manipulations.Our previous study has demonstrated that somatic cells cultured on the parallel microgrooves,which can replace the effects of small-molecule epigenetic modifiers and significantly improve the iPSCs reprogramming efficiency.The mechanism relies on the mechanomodulation of the cells’epigenetic state,specifically,an increase of histone H3 acetylation and H3K4 methylation[2].Additionally,in cardiomyocytes reprogramming study,culturing the fibroblasts on microgrooved substrate enhances the expression of cardiomyocyte genes by day 2 and improves the yield of partially reprogrammed cells at day 10.By combining microgrooved substrate with an optimized culture protocol,the conversion from fibroblasts to cardiomyocytes is increased through genetic changes and structural organization of sarcomeres[3].Besides biomaterial topography,recent studies have demonstrated the effects of matrix stiffness on cell reprogramming.For example,a decrease of substrate stiffness can improve the iPSCs reprogramming efficiency,while an intermediate stiffness can significantly enhance the efficiency of neuronal reprogramming [4].Further analysis suggests that intracellular biomechanical changes play an important role in reprogramming process.Cells interact with the biophysical factors in the microenvironment through an'inside-out'and'outside-in'feedback loop,which is mediated by focal adhesions and cytoskeleton [5].Therefore,we investigated the role of the intracellular mechanical structure in cell reprogramming.We showed,for the first time,that the mechanical property of cells was modulated during the early phase of reprogramming as determined by atomic force microscopy(AFM)and high-throughput quantitative deformability cytometry(q-DC).We observed that cell stiffness increased by day 1 during reprogramming process,which was followed by a pronounced decrease within a few days.Examination of actin cytoskeleton showed that actin assembled into a network with a cage-like structure around the nucleus by day 1,but this structure along with the majority of the cytoskeleton gradually disappeared,coinciding with the changes in intracellular mechanical property.Furthermore,inhibition of actin contractility by using small molecules significantly altered the reprogramming efficiency.These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of how biophysical cues modulate cell fate.In any given physiological microenvironment,cells may experience various of biophysical inputs,which,as we show,may affect cell phenotype changes.

The Effect of Chemical Cues on the Settlement of Sea Cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus) Larvae

The effects of four ions and eight neuroactive compounds on inducing larval settlement of A. japonicus were assessed in the present study. All bioassays were conducted in 60 × 9 mm Petri dishes, each contained 10 mL of the test solution and 10 doliolaria larvae. There were significant inductive effects of K+(10- mmol L-1), NH+4(0.1 mmol L1), GABA(10-3 mol L-1), acetylcholine(10-5 mol L-1), L-DOPA(10-5 mol L-1), norepinephrine(10-5 mol L-1) and dopamine(10-7 mol L-1 and 10-5 mol L-1) on the settlement of sea cucumber larvae. L-DOPA and dopamine are the most efficient chemical cues to induce A. japonicus larvae to settle. The highest percentage of larval settlement was induced by 10-5 mol L-1 L-DOPA and dopamine(33% and 40%) compared to the control(7%). However, Ca2+, Mg2+, choline, serotonin, and epinephrine were less effective on larval settlement at all tested concentrations. This study evaluated the stability and feasibility of chemical cues for larval settlement in different culture systems, which can be applied to improve the hatchery production of this valuable species.

Polymeric Nerve Conduits with Contact Guidance Cues Used in Nerve Repair

In the modern life,the nerve injury frequently happens due to mechanical,chemical or thermal accidents.In the trivial injuries,the peripheral nerves can regenerate on their own;however,in most of the cases the clinical treatments are required,where relatively large nerve injury gaps are formed.Currently,the nerve repair can be accomplished by direct suture when the injury gap is not too large;while the autologous nerve graft working as the gold standard of peripheral nerve injury treatment for nerve injuries with larger gaps.However,the direct suture is limited by heavy tension at the suture sites,and the autologous nerve graft also has the drawbacks of donor site morbidity and insufficient donor tissue.Recently,artificial nerve conduits have been developed as an alternative for clinical nerve repair to overcome the limitations associated with the above treatments.In order to further improve the efficiency of nerve conduits,various guidance cues are incorporated,including physical cues,biochemical signals,as well as support cells.First,this paper reviewed the contact guidance cues applied in nerve conduits,such as lumen fillers,multi-channels and micro-patterns on the inner surface.Then,the paper focused on the polymeric nerve conduits with micro inner grooves.The polymeric nerve conduits were fabricated using the phase inversion-based fiber spinning techniques.The smart spinneret with grooved die was designed in the spinning platform,while different spinning conditions,including flow rates,air-gap distances,and polymer concentrations,were adjusted to investigate the influence of fabrication conditions on the geometry of nerve conduits.The inner groove size in the nerve conduits can be precisely controlled in our hollow fiber spinning process,which can work as the efficient contact guidance cue for nerve regeneration.

Research on the Intervention of Visual Cue Strategy on Self-Care Ability of Children with Autism

The formation of self-care ability is the first step for children with autism to enter the society,and it is also a prerequisite and guarantee for their independent survival.This study aimed to explore the impact of visual cue strategies on the self-care ability of children with autism.Based on the ABA design of a single case study,this research conducted a four-month intervention on a seven-year-old child with autism via visual cue strategy as independent variables and sock-wearing skills as dependent variables,in order to explore the effect of visual cue strategy on self-care ability of children with autism.It turned out that visual cue strategy exerts a positive immediate sustained effect and social validity on the self-care ability of children with autism.Lastly,suggestions were provided for future related research based on the research process,results,and limitations.

2009—2022年广州地区保密性弃血情况调查

目的对广州地区保密性弃血情况进行调查分析,为保障血液安全提供科学依据。方法对2009—2022年广州地区保密性弃血献血人次、献血者人群特征、保密性弃血原因和献血后回告时间进行统计分析。结果2009—2022年广州地区保密性弃血回告率为0.0062%(260/4170984),各年间的保密性弃血回告率有差异(P<0.05);2009—2022年保密性弃血回告率在性别和职业方面无差异(P>0.05),在献血年龄、献血次数、文化程度和婚姻状态方面有差异(P<0.05),其中18~30岁献血者(0.0073%)和首次献血者(0.0108%)是保密性弃血的主要人群。高危性行为(28.46%,74/260)是保密性弃血的首要原因,保密性弃血回告时间高峰期在献血后72 h内,其中献血后24~72 h回告要求保密性弃血的人次(68.46%,178/260)占比最高。结论保密性弃血是保障血液安全非常重要的措施,在献血者招募过程应重点对18~30岁献血者和首次献血者进行详细的献血前健康征询,排除高危献血者,同时强化保密性弃血回告及方法途径指引宣传,做好保密性弃血原因登记和分类工作,从源头筛选出合格、低风险的无偿献血者,保障血液安全。

运动成瘾人群的奖赏与抑制功能神经网络的fMRI研究

目的:利用fMRI研究运动成瘾人群的奖赏与抑制功能神经网路。方法:采用运动成瘾量表(EAI)筛选出29例运动成瘾者(成瘾组),平均年龄(45.6±4.3)岁;招募26例性别、年龄、平均受教育水平相匹配的非运动成瘾者(对照组),平均年龄(45.7±5.6)岁。采用相关线索刺激和Go/NoGo行为任务范式;2组在观看运动相关图片和执行Go/NoGo任务下行fMRI扫描。结果:线索刺激脑激活状态分析结果显示,成瘾组在观看运动图片时奖赏网络激活显著增强,表现为左侧额上回、左侧额中回、左侧额下回和右侧前扣带皮质脑区活动增强。Go与NoGo任务条件下的脑激活状态对比显示,对照组存在显著的抑制性负激活脑区,包括右侧颞上回、右侧中央后回、左侧中央后回、左侧缘上回、右侧中央前回等(均P<0.01),而成瘾组仅显示左侧中央后回的负激活显著(P<0.01)。结论:运动成瘾人群对运动线索刺激的奖赏网络激活显著增强,而执行神经网络的抑制功能反应明显减弱。

4~8岁汉语高功能自闭症儿童基于语言线索的情绪识别能力发展研究

通过听觉言语理解任务,考察了4~8岁汉语高功能自闭症儿童基于语言线索的情绪识别能力发展。研究发现,在韵律和语义线索一致条件下,4~8岁高功能自闭症儿童的情绪识别能力与典型发展儿童没有显著性差异;在韵律和语义线索不一致条件下,4~6岁典型发展儿童更加依靠语义线索识别情绪,6~8岁典型发展儿童更加依靠韵律线索识别情绪;4~6岁和6~8岁高功能自闭症儿童均更倾向于借助语义线索识别情绪。韵律、语义线索不一致条件下的研究结果表明,4~8岁汉语高功能自闭症儿童的情绪识别未能像典型发展儿童一样实现由依靠语义线索向依靠韵律线索的转变,这可能是高功能自闭症儿童在社会交往时情绪识别困难的一个重要原因。