Structural defects such as joints or faults are inherent to almost any rock mass.In many situations those defects have a major impact on slope stability as they can control the possible failure mechanisms.Having a goo...Structural defects such as joints or faults are inherent to almost any rock mass.In many situations those defects have a major impact on slope stability as they can control the possible failure mechanisms.Having a good estimate of their strength then becomes crucial.The roughness of a structure is a major contributor to its strength through two different aspects,i.e.the morphology of the surface(or the shape)and the strength of the asperities(related to the strength of the rock).In the current state of practice,roughness is assessed through idealized descriptions(Patton strength criterion)or through empirical parameters(Barton JRC).In both cases,the multi-dimensionality of the roughness is ignored.In this study,we propose to take advantage of the latest developments in numerical techniques.With3D photogrammetry and/or laser mapping,practitioners have access to the real morphology of an exposed structure.The derived triangulated surface was introduced into the DEM(discrete element method)code PFC3D to create a synthetic rock joint.The interaction between particles on either side of the discontinuity was described by a smooth-joint model(SJM),hence suppressing the artificial roughness introduced by the particle discretization.Shear tests were then performed on the synthetic rock joint.A good correspondence between strengths predicted by the model and strengths derived from well-established techniques was obtained for thefirst time.Amongst the benefits of the methodology is the possibility offered by the model to be used in a quantitative way for shear strength estimates,to reproduce the progressive degradation of the asperities upon shearing and to analyze structures of different scales without introducing any empirical relation.展开更多
This study presents a calibration process of three-dimensional particle flow code(PFC3D)simulation of intact and fissured granite samples.First,laboratory stressestrain response from triaxial testing of intact and fis...This study presents a calibration process of three-dimensional particle flow code(PFC3D)simulation of intact and fissured granite samples.First,laboratory stressestrain response from triaxial testing of intact and fissured granite samples is recalled.Then,PFC3D is introduced,with focus on the bonded particle models(BPM).After that,we present previous studies where intact rock is simulated by means of flatjoint approaches,and how improved accuracy was gained with the help of parametric studies.Then,models of the pre-fissured rock specimens were generated,including modeled fissures in the form of“smooth joint”type contacts.Finally,triaxial testing simulations of 1 t 2 and 2 t 3 jointed rock specimens were performed.Results show that both elastic behavior and the peak strength levels are closely matched,without any additional fine tuning of micro-mechanical parameters.Concerning the postfailure behavior,models reproduce the trends of decreasing dilation with increasing confinement and plasticity.However,the dilation values simulated are larger than those observed in practice.This is attributed to the difficulty in modeling some phenomena of fissured rock behaviors,such as rock piece corner crushing with dust production and interactions between newly formed shear bands or axial splitting cracks with pre-existing joints.展开更多
基金funding provided by the Swiss Federal Office for Water and Geology
文摘Structural defects such as joints or faults are inherent to almost any rock mass.In many situations those defects have a major impact on slope stability as they can control the possible failure mechanisms.Having a good estimate of their strength then becomes crucial.The roughness of a structure is a major contributor to its strength through two different aspects,i.e.the morphology of the surface(or the shape)and the strength of the asperities(related to the strength of the rock).In the current state of practice,roughness is assessed through idealized descriptions(Patton strength criterion)or through empirical parameters(Barton JRC).In both cases,the multi-dimensionality of the roughness is ignored.In this study,we propose to take advantage of the latest developments in numerical techniques.With3D photogrammetry and/or laser mapping,practitioners have access to the real morphology of an exposed structure.The derived triangulated surface was introduced into the DEM(discrete element method)code PFC3D to create a synthetic rock joint.The interaction between particles on either side of the discontinuity was described by a smooth-joint model(SJM),hence suppressing the artificial roughness introduced by the particle discretization.Shear tests were then performed on the synthetic rock joint.A good correspondence between strengths predicted by the model and strengths derived from well-established techniques was obtained for thefirst time.Amongst the benefits of the methodology is the possibility offered by the model to be used in a quantitative way for shear strength estimates,to reproduce the progressive degradation of the asperities upon shearing and to analyze structures of different scales without introducing any empirical relation.
文摘针对多基地水下小目标分类识别问题,本文提出了一种基于核空间联合稀疏表示和指数平滑的多基地水下小目标识别方法 .对水下目标多角度散射信号提取6种典型的具有信息互补性和关联性的特征,提出一种随机森林(Random Forest,RF)和最小冗余最大相关(minimum Redundancy and Maximum Relevance,mRMR)相结合的特征选择方法(RF-mRMR),得出综合的特征重要性排序结果 .通过实验得出分类模型所需的最优特征子集,达到降低数据处理复杂度和提高目标分类结果的目的 .为了捕捉到数据中的高阶结构,在联合稀疏表示模型的基础上,使用核函数将线性不可分的特征数据映射到高维核特征空间.为了充分挖掘稀疏重构后包含在残差波段中的有用信息,使用指数平滑公式对具有一定意义的残差信息进行再利用,最后由核特征空间下的最小误差准则判定目标的类别.应用本文提出的方法对4类目标的海试数据进行识别,结果表明,相较于其他7种对比算法,本文提出的改进方法具有更好的分类性能,而且大多数情况下,本文提出的算法在双基地声呐模式下具有比单基地声呐更高的识别准确率和更低的虚警率.
基金The University of Vigo is acknowledged for financing part of the first author’s PhD studiesthe Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for funding of the project‘Deepening on the behaviour of rock masses:Scale effects on the stressestrain response of fissured rock samples with particular emphasis on post-failure’,awarded under Contract Reference No.RTI2018-093563-B-I00partially financed by means of European Regional Development Funds from the European Union(EU)。
文摘This study presents a calibration process of three-dimensional particle flow code(PFC3D)simulation of intact and fissured granite samples.First,laboratory stressestrain response from triaxial testing of intact and fissured granite samples is recalled.Then,PFC3D is introduced,with focus on the bonded particle models(BPM).After that,we present previous studies where intact rock is simulated by means of flatjoint approaches,and how improved accuracy was gained with the help of parametric studies.Then,models of the pre-fissured rock specimens were generated,including modeled fissures in the form of“smooth joint”type contacts.Finally,triaxial testing simulations of 1 t 2 and 2 t 3 jointed rock specimens were performed.Results show that both elastic behavior and the peak strength levels are closely matched,without any additional fine tuning of micro-mechanical parameters.Concerning the postfailure behavior,models reproduce the trends of decreasing dilation with increasing confinement and plasticity.However,the dilation values simulated are larger than those observed in practice.This is attributed to the difficulty in modeling some phenomena of fissured rock behaviors,such as rock piece corner crushing with dust production and interactions between newly formed shear bands or axial splitting cracks with pre-existing joints.
