植物蔗糖非发酵-1相关蛋白激酶(sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase,SnRK)在细胞代谢及响应渗透胁迫过程中起着关键作用.基于第三代基因组对龙眼SnRKs(DlSnRKs)家族进行全基因组鉴定及命名,对成员理化性质、亚细胞定位、...植物蔗糖非发酵-1相关蛋白激酶(sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase,SnRK)在细胞代谢及响应渗透胁迫过程中起着关键作用.基于第三代基因组对龙眼SnRKs(DlSnRKs)家族进行全基因组鉴定及命名,对成员理化性质、亚细胞定位、系统发育进化树、蛋白互作、染色体定位、保守基序与基因结构、全基因组共线性及启动子顺式作用元件进行预测分析,并结合转录组数据分析DlSnRKs在龙眼体胚发育3个阶段[胚性愈伤组织(EC)、不完全胚性紧实结构(ICpEC)、球形胚(GE)]的表达模式.结果显示,DlSnRKs家族共28个成员.系统发育进化树分析发现DlSnRKs家族成员分布于3个亚组中.染色体定位分析发现28个成员定位在10条染色体中.蛋白互作预测分析发现DlSnRKs家族存在复杂的蛋白互作关系.蛋白保守基序分析发现各亚组成员motif分布相似性与保守性并存.对DlSnRKs家族成员的基因结构进行分析,发现其内含子数目在0-14之间.启动子顺式作用元件分析发现各成员启动子区包含光、激素、生长发育及胁迫等响应元件.全基因组共线性分析发现有8个DlSnRKs成员在拟南芥和水稻中均发现共线基因.对DlSnRKs在EC-ICpEC-GE阶段的表达模式进行分析,发现有11个成员呈持续上调表达,3个成员呈持续下调表达,并且DlSnRK1.2在EC-ICpEC阶段以及DlSnRK2.5和DlSnRK3.9在ICpEC-GE阶段出现显著差异表达.本研究表明通过预测分析发现DlSnRKs家族在进化过程中较保守,其家族成员可能参与调控龙眼体胚发育过程,结果可为SnRK家族基因的深入研究和功能表征奠定基础.(图7表2参52)展开更多
Strawberry is a major fruit crop worldwide because its nutritional and health benefits to human health,but its productivity is limited by Botrytis cinerea.Sucrose nonfermentation 1-related protein kinase 1(SnRK1)has a...Strawberry is a major fruit crop worldwide because its nutritional and health benefits to human health,but its productivity is limited by Botrytis cinerea.Sucrose nonfermentation 1-related protein kinase 1(SnRK1)has a defense function against pathogens,but the function of SnRK1 in the defense response to B.cinerea in plants is still unclear.In this study,FaSnRK1a-OE and RNAi fruits were constructed and then inoculated with B.cinerea.The result reveals a positive role of Fa SnRK1a in the regulation of resistance to gray mold.FaSnRK1a affects SA content by regulating FaPAL1 and FaPAL2 expressions.The genes related to the SA signaling pathway(FaTGA1 and FaTGA2.1)were significantly increased/decreased in FaSnRK1a-OE or FaSnRK1a-RNAi fruit,respectively.FaSnRK1a interacted with the FaWRKY33.2 protein and negatively regulated FaWRKY33.2 expression,and FaWRKY33.2 acts as a repressor of disease resistance to B.cinerea.Finally,FaSnRK1a regulates the expression of six PR genes and the activities of antioxidant enzymes to boost defense response after B.cinerea inoculation.Our findings showed that FaSnRK1a increases the resistance of strawberry fruit to B.cinerea via SA signaling pathway and interaction with the FaWRKY33.2 transcription factor.展开更多
SNF1-related protein kinase 2(SnRK2)family members are essential components of the plant abscisic acid(ABA)signaling pathway initiated by osmotic stress and triggering a drought stress response.This study characterize...SNF1-related protein kinase 2(SnRK2)family members are essential components of the plant abscisic acid(ABA)signaling pathway initiated by osmotic stress and triggering a drought stress response.This study characterized the molecular properties of TaSnRK2.4 and its function in mediating adaptation to drought in Triticum aestivum.Transcripts of TaSnRK2.4 were upregulated upon drought and ABA signaling and associated with drought-and ABA-responsive cis-elements ABRE and DRE,and MYB and MYC binding sites in the promoter as indicated by reporter GUS protein staining and activity driven by truncations of the promoter.Yeast two-hybrid,BiFC,and Co-IP assays indicated that TaSnRK2.4 protein interacts with TaPP2C01 and an ABF transcription factor(TF)TaABF2.The results suggested that TaSnRK2.4 forms a functional TaPP2C01-TaSnRK2.4-TaABF2 module with its upstream and downstream partners.Transgene analysis revealed that TaSnRK2.4 and TaABF2 positively regulate drought tolerance whereas TaPP2C01 acts negatively by modulating stomatal movement,osmotic adjustment,reactive oxygen species(ROS)homeostasis,and root morphology.Expression analysis,yeast one-hybrid,and transcriptional activation assays indicated that several osmotic stress-responsive genes,including TaSLAC1-4,TaP5CS3,TaSOD5,TaCAT1,and TaPIN4,are regulated by TaABF2.Transgene analysis verified their functions in positively regulating stomatal movement(TaSLAC1-4),proline accumulation(TaP5CS3),SOD activity(TaSOD5),CAT activity(TaCAT1),and root morphology(TaPIN4).There were high correlations between plant biomass and yield with module transcripts in a wheat variety panel cultivated under drought conditions in the field.Our findings provide insights into understanding plant drought response underlying the SnRK2 signaling pathway in common wheat.展开更多
蛋白激酶SnRK2s (Sucrose Non-fermenting Related Protein Kinase 2)是植物抗逆境机制中的关键组分。木薯是全球重要的食品和工业作物,具有高淀粉累积和耐逆境的特点。迄今对木薯MeSnRK2家族成员参与逆境下淀粉合成调控的内在机制尚不...蛋白激酶SnRK2s (Sucrose Non-fermenting Related Protein Kinase 2)是植物抗逆境机制中的关键组分。木薯是全球重要的食品和工业作物,具有高淀粉累积和耐逆境的特点。迄今对木薯MeSnRK2家族成员参与逆境下淀粉合成调控的内在机制尚不清楚。本文围绕SnRK2家族受ABA微弱诱导的成员MeSnRK2.12展开研究,先对其进行生物信息学分析后发现其启动子区分布逆境响应元件:干旱胁迫MBS和ABA应答ABRE等顺式作用元件,且其氨基酸序列与AtSnRK2.8和OsSAPK1/2高度同源。ABA和PEG6000处理木薯SC8植株后发现, MeSnRK2.12可以在2 h内快速响应ABA和PEG6000处理,其转录活性在根中被抑制;在茎中被诱导上调,最高值分别为对照的15.0倍和8.0倍;在叶中也呈现上调趋势,但程度低于茎中。亚细胞定位试验结果显示MeSnRK2.12分布于细胞质和细胞核,利用酵母双杂交和双分子荧光互补(BiFC)试验均验证了MeSnRK2.12和转录因子MebHLH1间存在互作,且前期研究发现MebHLH1可以上调木薯蔗糖合酶基因MeSus1的转录活性,而蔗糖合酶的活性与植物库强直接相关。因此,推测MeSnRK2.12不仅在木薯应对逆境胁迫中发挥具有作用,还可能参与ABA信号介导的淀粉合成调控,有助于木薯在逆境条件下获得相对较高的淀粉产量。展开更多
Sucrose nonfermenting-related protein kinase 1(SnRK1)is one of the critical serine/threonine protein kinases.It commonly mediates plant growth and development,cross-talks with metabolism processes and physiological re...Sucrose nonfermenting-related protein kinase 1(SnRK1)is one of the critical serine/threonine protein kinases.It commonly mediates plant growth and development,cross-talks with metabolism processes and physiological responses to biotic or abiotic stresses.It plays a key role in distributing carbohydrates and sugar signal transporting.In the present study,eight SnRK1 coding genes were identified in sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.)via sequences alignment,with three forαsubunits(SnRK1α1 to SnRK1α3),three forβ(SnRK1β1 to SnRK1β3),and one for bothγ(SnRK1γ)andβγ(SnRK1βγ).These eight corresponding genes located on five chromosomes(Chr)of Chr1–3,Chr7,and Chr9 and presented collinearities to SnRK1s from maize and rice,exhibiting highly conserved domains within the same subunits from the three kinds of cereals.Expression results via qRT-PCR showed that different coding genes of SnRK1s in sorghum possessed similar expression patterns except for SnRK1α3 with a low expression level in grains and SnRK1β2 with a relatively high expression level in inflorescences.Results of subcellular localization in sorghum leaf protoplast showed that SnRK1α1/α2/α3/γmainly located on organelles,while the rest four of SnRK1β1/β2/β3/βγlocated on both membranes and some organelles.Besides,three combinations were discovered among eight SnRK1 subunits in sorghum through yeast two hybrid,includingα1-β2-βγ,α2-β3-γ,andα3-β3-γ.These results provide informative references for the following functional dissection of SnRK1 subunits in sorghum.展开更多
Plants produce a range of carbohydrates to meet their growth and developmental needs. Protein reversible phosphorylation plays key roles in coordinating multiple metabolic pathways and integrating diverse internal and...Plants produce a range of carbohydrates to meet their growth and developmental needs. Protein reversible phosphorylation plays key roles in coordinating multiple metabolic pathways and integrating diverse internal and external cues. Understanding such regulatory metabolism will provide novel resources for breeding and crop management by modulating metabolic pathways for control of growth and stress response. In this review, we summarize the complex, multifaceted functions of protein phosphorylation and their connections to plant metabolism. We focus particularly on carbohydrate metabolic pathways that are controlled by key kinases and discuss how they are linked to downstream changes in physiology, important agronomic traits and crop quality.展开更多
蛋白质磷酸化与去磷酸化过程在细胞的信号转导网络中起关键的作用,是生物体中普遍存在的一种调节机制。植物中的蛋白激酶通过磷酸化和去磷酸化在调节ABA信号传导、能量缺失反应和非生物胁迫反应过程中有着重要的作用。其中,植物蔗糖非发...蛋白质磷酸化与去磷酸化过程在细胞的信号转导网络中起关键的作用,是生物体中普遍存在的一种调节机制。植物中的蛋白激酶通过磷酸化和去磷酸化在调节ABA信号传导、能量缺失反应和非生物胁迫反应过程中有着重要的作用。其中,植物蔗糖非发酵-1相关蛋白激酶(sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase,SnRK)是植物蛋白激酶家族中一个重要家族,它们与酵母中的SNF1(sucrose non-fermenting-1,SNF1)和哺乳动物中的AMPK(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)同源,具有与它们相似和自身独特的功能,根据其氨基酸序列的同源性和表达模式的差异可分为3个亚组:SnRK1、SnRK2和SnRK3。目前,在拟南芥、水稻、豆科植物、高粱以及苔藓植物等基因组中都发现了大量的SnRK蛋白激酶,它们广泛参与了植物的生长发育、病虫害防御、ABA和非生物胁迫等各种信号的应答反应。展开更多
文摘植物蔗糖非发酵-1相关蛋白激酶(sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase,SnRK)在细胞代谢及响应渗透胁迫过程中起着关键作用.基于第三代基因组对龙眼SnRKs(DlSnRKs)家族进行全基因组鉴定及命名,对成员理化性质、亚细胞定位、系统发育进化树、蛋白互作、染色体定位、保守基序与基因结构、全基因组共线性及启动子顺式作用元件进行预测分析,并结合转录组数据分析DlSnRKs在龙眼体胚发育3个阶段[胚性愈伤组织(EC)、不完全胚性紧实结构(ICpEC)、球形胚(GE)]的表达模式.结果显示,DlSnRKs家族共28个成员.系统发育进化树分析发现DlSnRKs家族成员分布于3个亚组中.染色体定位分析发现28个成员定位在10条染色体中.蛋白互作预测分析发现DlSnRKs家族存在复杂的蛋白互作关系.蛋白保守基序分析发现各亚组成员motif分布相似性与保守性并存.对DlSnRKs家族成员的基因结构进行分析,发现其内含子数目在0-14之间.启动子顺式作用元件分析发现各成员启动子区包含光、激素、生长发育及胁迫等响应元件.全基因组共线性分析发现有8个DlSnRKs成员在拟南芥和水稻中均发现共线基因.对DlSnRKs在EC-ICpEC-GE阶段的表达模式进行分析,发现有11个成员呈持续上调表达,3个成员呈持续下调表达,并且DlSnRK1.2在EC-ICpEC阶段以及DlSnRK2.5和DlSnRK3.9在ICpEC-GE阶段出现显著差异表达.本研究表明通过预测分析发现DlSnRKs家族在进化过程中较保守,其家族成员可能参与调控龙眼体胚发育过程,结果可为SnRK家族基因的深入研究和功能表征奠定基础.(图7表2参52)
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31672099,31801812)the National Modern Agroindustry Technology Research System Fund(Grant No.CARS-30-2-02)。
文摘Strawberry is a major fruit crop worldwide because its nutritional and health benefits to human health,but its productivity is limited by Botrytis cinerea.Sucrose nonfermentation 1-related protein kinase 1(SnRK1)has a defense function against pathogens,but the function of SnRK1 in the defense response to B.cinerea in plants is still unclear.In this study,FaSnRK1a-OE and RNAi fruits were constructed and then inoculated with B.cinerea.The result reveals a positive role of Fa SnRK1a in the regulation of resistance to gray mold.FaSnRK1a affects SA content by regulating FaPAL1 and FaPAL2 expressions.The genes related to the SA signaling pathway(FaTGA1 and FaTGA2.1)were significantly increased/decreased in FaSnRK1a-OE or FaSnRK1a-RNAi fruit,respectively.FaSnRK1a interacted with the FaWRKY33.2 protein and negatively regulated FaWRKY33.2 expression,and FaWRKY33.2 acts as a repressor of disease resistance to B.cinerea.Finally,FaSnRK1a regulates the expression of six PR genes and the activities of antioxidant enzymes to boost defense response after B.cinerea inoculation.Our findings showed that FaSnRK1a increases the resistance of strawberry fruit to B.cinerea via SA signaling pathway and interaction with the FaWRKY33.2 transcription factor.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1200202)State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation(NCCIR2022ZZ-7)Graduate Student Innovation Ability Training Funding Project of Hebei Province(CXZZBS2023073)。
文摘SNF1-related protein kinase 2(SnRK2)family members are essential components of the plant abscisic acid(ABA)signaling pathway initiated by osmotic stress and triggering a drought stress response.This study characterized the molecular properties of TaSnRK2.4 and its function in mediating adaptation to drought in Triticum aestivum.Transcripts of TaSnRK2.4 were upregulated upon drought and ABA signaling and associated with drought-and ABA-responsive cis-elements ABRE and DRE,and MYB and MYC binding sites in the promoter as indicated by reporter GUS protein staining and activity driven by truncations of the promoter.Yeast two-hybrid,BiFC,and Co-IP assays indicated that TaSnRK2.4 protein interacts with TaPP2C01 and an ABF transcription factor(TF)TaABF2.The results suggested that TaSnRK2.4 forms a functional TaPP2C01-TaSnRK2.4-TaABF2 module with its upstream and downstream partners.Transgene analysis revealed that TaSnRK2.4 and TaABF2 positively regulate drought tolerance whereas TaPP2C01 acts negatively by modulating stomatal movement,osmotic adjustment,reactive oxygen species(ROS)homeostasis,and root morphology.Expression analysis,yeast one-hybrid,and transcriptional activation assays indicated that several osmotic stress-responsive genes,including TaSLAC1-4,TaP5CS3,TaSOD5,TaCAT1,and TaPIN4,are regulated by TaABF2.Transgene analysis verified their functions in positively regulating stomatal movement(TaSLAC1-4),proline accumulation(TaP5CS3),SOD activity(TaSOD5),CAT activity(TaCAT1),and root morphology(TaPIN4).There were high correlations between plant biomass and yield with module transcripts in a wheat variety panel cultivated under drought conditions in the field.Our findings provide insights into understanding plant drought response underlying the SnRK2 signaling pathway in common wheat.
文摘蛋白激酶SnRK2s (Sucrose Non-fermenting Related Protein Kinase 2)是植物抗逆境机制中的关键组分。木薯是全球重要的食品和工业作物,具有高淀粉累积和耐逆境的特点。迄今对木薯MeSnRK2家族成员参与逆境下淀粉合成调控的内在机制尚不清楚。本文围绕SnRK2家族受ABA微弱诱导的成员MeSnRK2.12展开研究,先对其进行生物信息学分析后发现其启动子区分布逆境响应元件:干旱胁迫MBS和ABA应答ABRE等顺式作用元件,且其氨基酸序列与AtSnRK2.8和OsSAPK1/2高度同源。ABA和PEG6000处理木薯SC8植株后发现, MeSnRK2.12可以在2 h内快速响应ABA和PEG6000处理,其转录活性在根中被抑制;在茎中被诱导上调,最高值分别为对照的15.0倍和8.0倍;在叶中也呈现上调趋势,但程度低于茎中。亚细胞定位试验结果显示MeSnRK2.12分布于细胞质和细胞核,利用酵母双杂交和双分子荧光互补(BiFC)试验均验证了MeSnRK2.12和转录因子MebHLH1间存在互作,且前期研究发现MebHLH1可以上调木薯蔗糖合酶基因MeSus1的转录活性,而蔗糖合酶的活性与植物库强直接相关。因此,推测MeSnRK2.12不仅在木薯应对逆境胁迫中发挥具有作用,还可能参与ABA信号介导的淀粉合成调控,有助于木薯在逆境条件下获得相对较高的淀粉产量。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001607)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Southwest University,China(SWU118087)。
文摘Sucrose nonfermenting-related protein kinase 1(SnRK1)is one of the critical serine/threonine protein kinases.It commonly mediates plant growth and development,cross-talks with metabolism processes and physiological responses to biotic or abiotic stresses.It plays a key role in distributing carbohydrates and sugar signal transporting.In the present study,eight SnRK1 coding genes were identified in sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.)via sequences alignment,with three forαsubunits(SnRK1α1 to SnRK1α3),three forβ(SnRK1β1 to SnRK1β3),and one for bothγ(SnRK1γ)andβγ(SnRK1βγ).These eight corresponding genes located on five chromosomes(Chr)of Chr1–3,Chr7,and Chr9 and presented collinearities to SnRK1s from maize and rice,exhibiting highly conserved domains within the same subunits from the three kinds of cereals.Expression results via qRT-PCR showed that different coding genes of SnRK1s in sorghum possessed similar expression patterns except for SnRK1α3 with a low expression level in grains and SnRK1β2 with a relatively high expression level in inflorescences.Results of subcellular localization in sorghum leaf protoplast showed that SnRK1α1/α2/α3/γmainly located on organelles,while the rest four of SnRK1β1/β2/β3/βγlocated on both membranes and some organelles.Besides,three combinations were discovered among eight SnRK1 subunits in sorghum through yeast two hybrid,includingα1-β2-βγ,α2-β3-γ,andα3-β3-γ.These results provide informative references for the following functional dissection of SnRK1 subunits in sorghum.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32170409, 32370430)National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFE0109500)。
文摘Plants produce a range of carbohydrates to meet their growth and developmental needs. Protein reversible phosphorylation plays key roles in coordinating multiple metabolic pathways and integrating diverse internal and external cues. Understanding such regulatory metabolism will provide novel resources for breeding and crop management by modulating metabolic pathways for control of growth and stress response. In this review, we summarize the complex, multifaceted functions of protein phosphorylation and their connections to plant metabolism. We focus particularly on carbohydrate metabolic pathways that are controlled by key kinases and discuss how they are linked to downstream changes in physiology, important agronomic traits and crop quality.
文摘蛋白质磷酸化与去磷酸化过程在细胞的信号转导网络中起关键的作用,是生物体中普遍存在的一种调节机制。植物中的蛋白激酶通过磷酸化和去磷酸化在调节ABA信号传导、能量缺失反应和非生物胁迫反应过程中有着重要的作用。其中,植物蔗糖非发酵-1相关蛋白激酶(sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase,SnRK)是植物蛋白激酶家族中一个重要家族,它们与酵母中的SNF1(sucrose non-fermenting-1,SNF1)和哺乳动物中的AMPK(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)同源,具有与它们相似和自身独特的功能,根据其氨基酸序列的同源性和表达模式的差异可分为3个亚组:SnRK1、SnRK2和SnRK3。目前,在拟南芥、水稻、豆科植物、高粱以及苔藓植物等基因组中都发现了大量的SnRK蛋白激酶,它们广泛参与了植物的生长发育、病虫害防御、ABA和非生物胁迫等各种信号的应答反应。
