Application progresses of ultrasound for snakebites and relative complications

Snakebite has become a serious public health problem with high mortality and disability rates.Ultrasound can provide imaging basis for diagnosis and treatment of snakebites and relative complications.The application progresses of ultrasound in snakebites and complications were reviewed in this article.

Placental Abruption Following Snakebites Envenomation: A Case Report and Literature Review

Background: Snakebite envenomation in pregnancy is uncommon. It can lead to a poor outcome in both the mother and the fetus. We describe our approach to envenomation in pregnancy based on the currently available evidence. Case: We reported two case of snakebite in the third trimester of pregnancy having caused placental abruption with expelling a fresh still born baby and a live baby. In both cases, consumption coagulopathy occurred. managed by polyvalent anti-snake and blood transfusion. Their investigations became normal and they were discharged of hospitalization. Conclusion: Snakebite envenomation in pregnant is a maternal and fetal emergency. Treatment must be quick and well adapted.

Review on Preparation and Research of Prescriptions for Snake Bites in Fujian Province

The history of research and preparation of prescriptions for snake bites in Fujian Province was reviewed, and the process of incorporating snake doctors into the system and the gradual establishment of snake bite treatment system in Fujian were explored. The composition of several main snake bite preparations in Fujian was preliminarily compared and analyzed to provide reference for the research and development of similar new preparations at present.

Parallels between Russell's viper(Daboia russelii) and hump-nosed viper(Hypnak species) bites in the central hills of Sri Lanka amidst the heavy burden of unidentified snake bites

Objective:To describe the epidemiology of snake bite in the region and attempt to compare proven Russell’s viper with hump-nosed viper bites.Methods:All snake bite admissions to the Toxicology Unit of Teaching Hospital Peradeniya over three year from 2006 were included. Results:Of the 776 snakebites,665(86%) were unidentified and non-envenomed.Humpnosed viper and Russell’s viper accounted for 55(7%) and 40(5%) bites respectively,of them, incriminated snakes were found in 36(65%) and 19(48%) cases.The cobra bites-5,krait bites-0. The median ages:Russell’s viper bites-41(range 16-66),hump-nosed viper bites-42(range 15- 75).The gender incidence,time of bite(】58%daytime) were similar.In hump-nosed viper bite; upper limb involved in 13(36%),happened at home garden in 22(61%),none in paddy fields.In Russell’s viper bite;6(33%) occurred in paddy fields.Dry bites were similar at 5%.In humpnosed viper bite:local effects 94%,coagulopathy 3%,acute renal failure 3%and one patient died.In Russell’s viper bite;local effects 84%,coagulopathy 53%,neurotoxicity 21%.Abdominal pain occurred only in Russell’s viper bites 10(53%).Conclusions:Overwhelming numbers of unidentified,non-envenomed snakebites are common in the central hills.Some distinctive differences were observed between Russell’s viper and hump-nosed viper bites.

The Analysis of the Treatment of Rhabdomyolysis by Snake Bites

Objective: To explore the treatment measure of rhabdomyolysis caused by snake bites, and provide guidance for further prevention and control of snake bites. Methods: To retrospectively analyze the 841 cases of serpentine bites in our hospital from January 2006 to July 2017;127 cases of patients with rhabdomyolysis syndrome were screened out, and their clinical manifestations, laboratory results, related treatment and prognosis were analyzed. Results: 127 cases patients were rhabdomyolysis out of 841 cases, 28 cases patients developed acute renal failure;treatment measures included local wound treatment, application of tetanus antitoxin, anti-snake venom serum, anti-infection, fluid “hydration” and diuretic, alkaline urine and hybrid renal replacement therapy. 112 cases were cured, improved conditions in 9 cases, 3 cases of death, 3 cases uncured. The improvement rate of is 95.26% after treatment. Conclusion: The rhabdomyolysis had a high incidence in snake bite patients, severe cases often developed acute renal failure. Serum myopsin and related biochemical blood tests could be used to diagnose rhabdomyolysis quickly. Combined treatment methods are the main measure to increase the cured rate and decrease the death rate.

A life threatening scratch on little toe-at most clinical suspicion the essential key in management of snake bite

Snake bites are one among the under reported clinical emergencies from tropical countries.There are variations in clinical presentation of snake bites and its toxic features differ with the species and type of bite.There are lots of controversies in the treatment guidelines which often makes it difficult to manage.We report the case of a severe hemotoxic snake bite who presented to the outpatient service of our hospital with a trivial fool injury.Even though snakebites are familiar clinical situations for an emergency physician from tropics,we report this case as mast are under reported.We also intend to emphasize the excellent outcome of appropriately diagnosed and treated cases of snake bite.

Clinicopathological spectrum of snake bite-induced acute kidney injury from India

AIM To study the clinico-pathological spectrum of snake bite-induced acute kidney injury(AKI).METHODS A retrospective study of patients admitted at Indira Gandhi Medical College Hospital,Shimla with snake bite-induced AKI from July 2003 to June 2016.Medical records were evaluated for patient's information on demographic,clinical characteristics,complications and outcome.Outcomes of duration of hospital stay,requirement for intensive care unit support,treatment with dialysis,survival and mortality were analyzed.The survival and non survival groups were compared to see the difference in the demographic factors,clinical characteristics,laboratory results,and complications.In patients subjected to kidney biopsy,the findings of histopathological examination of the kidney biopsies were also analyzed.RESULTS One hundred and twenty-one patients were diagnosed with snake bite-induced AKI.Mean age was 42.2 ± 15.1 years and majority(58%) were women.Clinical details were available in 88 patients.The mean duration of arrival at hospital was 3.4 ± 3.7 d with a range of 1 to30 d.Eighty percent had oliguria and 55% had history of having passed red or brown colored urine.Coagulation defect was seen in 89% patients.The hematological and biochemical laboratory abnormalities were:Anemia(80.7%),leukocytosis(75%),thrombocytopenia(47.7%),hyperkalemia(25%),severe metabolic acidosis(39.8%),hepatic dysfunction(40.9%),hemolysis(85.2%) and rhabdomyolysis(68.2%).Main complications were:Gastrointestinal bleed(12.5%),seizure/encephalopathy(10.2%),hypertension,pneumonia/acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) and disseminated intravascular coagulation(9.1% each),hypotension and multi organ failure(MOF)(4.5% each).Eighty-two percent patients required renal replacement therapy.One hundred and ten(90.9%) patient survived and 11(9.1%) patients died.As compared to the survival group,the white blood cell count(P = 0.023) and bilirubin levels(P = 0.006) were significant higher and albumin levels were significantly lower(0.005) in patients who died.The proportion of patients with pneumonia/ARDS(P = 0.001),seizure/encephalopathy(P = 0.005),MOF(P = 0.05) and need for intensive care unit support(0.001) was significantly higher and duration of hospital stay was significantly shorter(P = 0.012) in patients who died.Kidney biopsy was done in total of 22 patients.Predominant lesion on kidney biopsy was acute tubular necrosis(ATN) in 20(91%) cases.In 11 cases had severe ATN and in other nine(41%) cases kidney biopsy showed features of ATN associated with mild to moderate acute interstitial nephritis(AIN).One patient only had moderate AIN and one had patchy renal cortical necrosis(RCN).CONCLUSION AKI due to snake bite is severe and a high proportion requires renal replacement therapy.On renal histology ATN and AIN are common,RCN is rare.

Snakebite Epidemiology in Bangladesh—A National Community Based Health and Injury Survey

Insert Snakebite is a global public health issue, and in majority of cases it is undermined. Tropical and subtropical countries are most effected, Bangladesh being one of them. There is scarcity of countries’ epidemiological situation in relation to snakebite poisoning. This study has looked at the epidemiological status of snakebite poisoning from national representative survey findings. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted in 12 randomly selected districts of Bangladesh in 2003. A total of 171,366 households were surveyed and information was collected from 819,429 populations by face to face interview. Multi-stage cluster sampling methods were used in this survey and covered urban, rural and slum populations. Results: Annually an estimated 15,372 (10.98/100,000) individuals were bitten by snakes and of them 1709 (1.22/100,000) died every year. Males were found to be most vulnerable with a risk of 1.51 times higher than female. Rural populations were also 10.54 times higher at risk than the populations living in the urban areas. Among the victims 94% were from the poor socio economic conditions. Around 43.9% of the incidences occurred during evening to midnight. Home was found the most common area for snake bite (33.6%), and the Leg was found to be the most common site for biting (63.1%). A total of 96.6% victims sought treatment, of them 61% sought immediate treatment from traditional healing methods. Conclusions: Present incidence of snakebite in Bangladesh has clearly shown that there is emerging public health needs for intervention that can reduce the mortality and burden of the disease in the country.

Persistent fibrinogen deficiency after snake bite: A case report

BACKGROUND Venom-induced consumption coagulopathy(VICC)is characterized by coagulation dysfunction accompanied by decreased coagulation factor activity and fibrinogen(FBG)concentrations.We report a patient with VICC caused by snake bite who manifested persistent FBG deficiency without abnormal coagulation factor activity.This information may be helpful in diagnosing and treating VICC.CASE SUMMARY A 49-year-old man who had been bitten by a snake 13 h previously was admitted to the Emergency Department of our hospital with visible swelling of a finger and a bleeding puncture site.The provisional diagnosis was VICC,this being made based on persistent bleeding from the puncture site and subcutaneous hemorrhage.Laboratory evidence of coagulation abnormalities,including fibrinolysis,and findings on thromboelastography confirmed VICC.He had persistent afibrinogenemia requiring intravenous infusions of cryoprecipitate and fresh frozen plasma,together with continuous large doses of human FBG.After this treatment,the patient’s right upper limb swelling improved significantly and his subcutaneous hemorrhage resolved.All of his abnormal laboratory findings returned to normal by day 25.During 6 months’of follow-up,the patient had no further hemorrhagic events.CONCLUSION Hemorrhagic snake venom can result in coagulation dysfunction characterized by persistent FBG deficiency without abnormal coagulation factor activity.

TAT、TM、PIC、t-PAIC与重型血液毒毒蛇咬伤中毒患者DIC的相关性及预测价值

目的评估凝血酶抗凝酶复合物(TAT)、血栓调节蛋白(TM)、纤溶酶-抗纤溶酶复合物(PIC)和组织型纤溶酶原激活抑制复合物(t-PAIC)与重型血液毒毒蛇咬伤中毒后弥散性血管内凝血(DIC)的临床相关性及预测价值。方法连续纳入2019年4月至2023年4月收治的重型血液毒毒蛇咬伤中毒患者作为研究对象,共132例。依据住院期间是否出现DIC分为观察组(发生DIC,n=37)及对照组(未发生DIC,n=95)。检测2组血浆TAT、TM、PIC、t-PAIC浓度。应用二元、无分类协变量的非条件Logistic回归分析TAT、TM、PIC、t-PAIC浓度与重型血液毒毒蛇咬伤中毒后DIC的临床相关性,建立受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析TAT、TM、PIC、t-PAIC对重型血液毒毒蛇咬伤中毒后DIC的预测能力。结果观察组TAT、TM、PIC、t-PAIC显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。二元、无分类协变量的非条件Logistic回归分析显示,TAT[OR=1.517(95%CI:1.155,1.879)]、TM[OR=1.647(95%CI:1.108,2.186)]、PIC[OR=3.989(95%CI:2.986,4.992)]、t-PAIC[OR=1.111(95%CI:0.854,1.368)]是重型血液毒毒蛇咬伤中毒患者发生DIC的危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,TAT、TM、PIC、t-PAIC是预测重型血液毒毒蛇咬伤中毒患者DIC的有效指标(P<0.05),其曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.865(95%CI:0.790,0.939)、0.771(95%CI:0.673,0.870)、0.847(95%CI:0.804,0.889)、0.680(95%CI:0.573,0.787),联合预测效能更优异(P<0.001),AUC为0.904(95%CI:0.875,0.933)。结论TAT、TM、PIC和t-PAIC检测对判断重型血液毒毒蛇咬伤中毒患者是否发生DIC有重要参考价值,可以较好地评估患者凝血功能状态,4个指标联合预测DIC的效能更优。

基于SO-LSTM的立柱液压系统故障诊断方法研究

针对目前无法快速、准确地诊断矿用立柱液压系统故障等问题,在建立仿真模型分析单一故障机制的基础上,基于优化算法提出多种故障诊断方法。将立柱物理模块与立柱液压系统模块相结合,建立立柱液压系统仿真模型;基于Simulink分析单一故障的影响,基于蛇优化LSTM神经网络建立诊断模型;最后,根据实际数据进行模型的实例验证。结果表明:蛇优化LSTM模型对液压立柱故障仿真数据识别率达到99.5%,对液压立柱故障真实数据识别率达到97%,与模型仿真数据的预测精度仅相差2.5%,预测精度较高,达到了预期目标。

细胞外基质:毒蛇咬伤致局部组织损伤的治疗新靶点

毒蛇咬伤具有发病急、病情变化迅速、致残率及死亡率高等特点。毒素螯入对人体的影响分为全身性和局部毒化作用,目前抗蛇毒血清的普及大大降低了毒蛇咬伤的死亡率,但局部组织损伤及遗留的永久性功能障碍仍是亟待解决的问题。研究发现,蛇毒金属蛋白酶、透明质酸酶、磷脂酶等毒素通过干扰细胞外基质(ECM)的降解和重塑参与多种局部病理效应的发生。本文对ECM与毒蛇咬伤局部组织损伤发展过程的相关机制进行综述,以期寻找有效的治疗靶点,为毒蛇咬伤所致局部组织损伤的临床研究和防治工作提供参考和思路。

蛇伤膏外敷治疗毒蛇咬伤火毒证的疗效观察与网络药理学机制研究

目的:观察蛇伤膏外敷治疗毒蛇咬伤火毒证患者的临床疗效,运用网络药理学方法及分子对接技术分析蛇伤膏治疗毒蛇咬伤潜在的作用机制。方法:选取安徽中医药大学第一附属医院入诊的毒蛇咬伤火毒证患者60例,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组30例。对照组采用常规中医适宜技术治疗,试验组在对照组治疗基础上采用蛇伤膏外敷治疗。观察两组患者临床疗效、症状与体征积分、疼痛与肿胀程度评分、中性粒细胞百分比(NEUT%)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平;基于药物与疾病数据库筛选蛇伤膏-毒蛇咬伤靶点及共有靶点,利用DAVID平台进行基因本体(GO)功能分析和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析,运用Cytoscape构建蛋白相互作用网络(PPI)并筛选关键基因与靶点,利用AutoDockPools1.5.7进行分子对接及PyMol可视化。结果:两组患者临床疗效有效率均为100%,试验组治愈率(67%,20/30例)高于对照组(27%,8/30例),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);与治疗前比较,试验组治疗后症状与体征积分、疼痛与肿胀程度评分、NEUT、PT、CRP、IL-6水平均下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);两组患者治疗后比较,试验组肿胀程度评分、NEUT均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),临床疗效、疼痛评分、肢体症状与体征评分、PT、CRP、IL-6指标均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);网络药理学分析显示,蛇伤膏-毒蛇咬伤的核心靶点为表皮生长因子(EGF)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、纤连蛋白1(FN1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP9)、转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF),核心成分包括槲皮素、黄芩素、木犀草素、汉黄芩素等,主要涉及MAP激酶活性的正调节、细胞外空间、蛋白酶结合、AGE/RAGE通路、TNF等生物功能与信号通路,分子对接结果良好。结论:蛇伤膏治疗毒蛇咬伤火毒证效果显著;网络药理学初步探究了蛇伤膏通过多靶点、多通路途径治疗毒蛇咬伤,与临床相关指标具有联系性,为后续研究提供理论与依据。

高压氧辅助抗蛇毒血清对早期蝮蛇咬伤中毒患者患肢肿胀情况、心肌酶谱、炎症因子水平改变的影响

目的探究高压氧辅助抗蛇毒血清对早期蝮蛇咬伤中毒患者肿胀情况、心肌酶谱、炎症因子水平改变的影响。方法选取2021年5月至2023年1月在资阳市第一人民医院急诊治疗的早期蝮蛇咬伤中毒患者83例为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为观察组(n=41)和对照组(n=42),对照组给予抗蛇毒血清治疗,观察组在此基础上给予高压氧辅助治疗,观察两组临床疗效、肿胀消失时间、疼痛消失时间及住院时间,比较两组治疗前后患肢肿胀情况、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、心肌酶谱[血清肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶MB(CK-MB)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)]、炎症因子[C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、降钙素原(PCT)]变化情况。结果治疗前,两组的患肢肿胀情况、VAS评分、CK、CK-MB、cTnI、CRP、IL-6及PCT水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组总有效率(97.56%)高于对照组(83.33%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.822,P<0.05);观察组肿胀消失时间、疼痛消失时间及住院时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=7.058、7.618、11.170,P<0.05);观察组肢体周径小于对照组,VAS评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=14.397、6.791,P<0.05);观察组血清CK、CK-MB及cTnI水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=16.524、4.734、5.740,P<0.05);观察组血清CRP、IL-6及PCT水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=4.945、4.999、6.591,P<0.05)。结论高压氧辅助抗蛇毒血清可缓解早期蝮蛇咬伤中毒患者患肢肿胀情况,降低心肌损伤,抑制炎症反应,有效提高临床疗效。

五音疗法对毒蛇咬伤患者焦虑抑郁及生活质量的影响

目的探讨五音疗法对毒蛇咬伤患者焦虑抑郁心理及生活质量的影响。方法选取2022年1月—2023年7月安徽某三甲中医院急诊科收治的106例毒蛇咬伤患者作为研究对象,将其按照随机数表法分成观察组与对照组,每组53例。两组患者均给予基础药物治疗和常规护理,观察组在此基础上采取五行音乐疗法。治疗前及出院后采用焦虑自评量表(Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,SAS)和抑郁自评量表(Self-rating depression scale,SDS)以及诺丁汉健康调查表(nottingham health profile,NHP)进行测评。结果观察组在SAS和SDS评分上都明显优于对照组,NHP评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中医五音疗法在毒蛇咬伤患者治疗中的运用,能帮助减轻患者负性情绪,促进生活质量提高。

中华眼镜蛇咬伤的治疗进展

中华眼镜蛇咬伤多见于中国东南部,主要表现为局部肿胀、疼痛和组织坏死。尽管传统内科治疗如使用抗蛇毒血清中和毒素,但对局部损伤恢复作用有限,往往需要外科干预治疗。院前处理包括快速识别、肢体制动、清洁伤口和迅速就医。院内治疗有清创术、局部负压封闭引流术(VSD)、植皮术和皮瓣移植术等治疗方法,以减少感染,促进创面修复和愈合。围手术期的对症支持、中医和功能康复治疗,对毒蛇咬伤患者的恢复有积极作用,可减少致残率和改善患者预后。

一种改进snake模型的中医舌体分割方法

在实现中医舌诊信息化的过程中,舌体轮廓的正确分割极其重要。本文从舌体上方一层特殊的水膜出发,通过色彩空间模型的转换,利用HSV空间模型预处理原始的舌体图像,然后根据得到的舌体大致的边缘轮廓线,应用改进的snake最小能量函数进行边缘收敛,从而得到了舌体提取的理想效果。实验证明,改进的snake模型方法具有鲁棒性,适用于舌体图像的分割。

中药内服方治疗毒蛇咬伤的用药规律的数据挖掘

【目的】采用数据挖掘方法分析国内主要文献数据库及《中华医方》外科卷中有关治疗毒蛇咬伤的中药内服方,以探讨其潜在的组方用药规律,为基层治疗毒蛇咬伤提供参考。【方法】通过检索中国知网、维普、万方数据库中有关治疗毒蛇咬伤的中药内服方,并查阅《中华医方》外科卷,筛选其中治疗毒蛇咬伤的古方。运用Excel软件提取方药的相关信息,采用R语言对中药的使用频率、性味归经、关联规则、聚类情况等进行分析。【结果】共得到治疗毒蛇咬伤内服方187首,涉及中药284味;使用频次居前15位的中药依次为半边莲、大黄、白芷、甘草、重楼、地黄、黄连、黄芩、金银花、赤芍、牡丹皮、白花蛇舌草、白茅根、车前草、半枝莲;治疗毒蛇咬伤方药的药味偏苦、辛、甘,药性偏寒,归经以归肝、肺经为主;关联规则分析及聚类分析得到以大黄、半边莲、重楼为基础的核心组方。【结论】中药治疗毒蛇咬伤以清热解毒为主,常在大黄、半边莲、重楼的基础上配以清热凉血、熄风止痉、清热利尿等药物。

用AHP方法优化电子装备测试点的BITE与ATE分配

针对故障诊断中测试冗余、测试资源分配不合理的问题,首先用解析冗余关系(ARRs)优选出测试点;分析了影响测试资源选择的因素,用层次分析法(AHP)建立了评价指标集的递阶层次结构,确定了各指标的综合权重,最后用模糊综合决策方法实现了测试点的BITE与ATE分层优化,对提高电子装备的诊断能力、降低测试费用具有指导意义。

基于CiteSpace近10年蛇咬伤治疗研究进展的知识图谱可视化分析

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