Application progresses of ultrasound for snakebites and relative complications

Snakebite has become a serious public health problem with high mortality and disability rates.Ultrasound can provide imaging basis for diagnosis and treatment of snakebites and relative complications.The application progresses of ultrasound in snakebites and complications were reviewed in this article.

WSN Mobile Target Tracking Based on Improved Snake-Extended Kalman Filtering Algorithm

A wireless sensor network mobile target tracking algorithm(ISO-EKF)based on improved snake optimization algorithm(ISO)is proposed to address the difficulty of estimating initial values when using extended Kalman filtering to solve the state of nonlinear mobile target tracking.First,the steps of extended Kalman filtering(EKF)are introduced.Second,the ISO is used to adjust the parameters of the EKF in real time to adapt to the current motion state of the mobile target.Finally,the effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated through filtering and tracking using the constant velocity circular motion model(CM).Under the specified conditions,the position and velocity mean square error curves are compared among the snake optimizer(SO)-EKF algorithm,EKF algorithm,and the proposed algorithm.The comparison shows that the proposed algorithm reduces the root mean square error of position by 52%and 41%compared to the SOEKF algorithm and EKF algorithm,respectively.

适用于多目标图像分割的改进BVF Snake模型

参数活动轮廓模型(Snake)在计算机视觉和图像处理领域有着广泛的应用。传统的Snake算法存在许多不足,包括计算量大和当存在多目标时不能收敛到特定目标。虽然边界向量场(Boundary Vector Field, BVF) Snake减小了计算量强度,但是当存在多目标时仍然不能收敛到特定目标。本文通过力场分析,确定了BVF Snake不适用于多目标图像分割的原因;通过改进,提出一种改进的方向BVF (directional BVF, DBVF) Snake模型;在该模型中,通过在特定目标内部增加一个点,得到一个方向向量场,来确定Snake的收敛方向,使其在存在多目标时可以收敛到特定目标。本文对DBVF Snake在增大捕捉范围、添加不同噪声两个方面和常见的Snake模型进行了对比分析,同时对声呐图像进行了分割,实验结果证明了本文提出的模型(方法)对多目标图像分割的有效性。

基于snake算法的声呐图像轮廓提取方法

针对成像声呐的水下目标检测问题,提出一种改进的snake目标轮廓提取方法。该方法首先通过构建高斯模型对成像声呐进行目标检测,提高了目标检测能力。其次根据预设目标粗略区域,结合梯度矢量流(GVF)改进的snake算法,实现了目标轮廓的连续提取。仿真试验验证了所提方法的有效性。

Position Errors and Interference Prediction-Based Trajectory Tracking for Snake Robots

This work presents a trajectory tracking control method for snake robots.This method eliminates the influence of time-varying interferences on the body and reduces the offset error of a robot with a predetermined trajectory.The optimized line-of-sight(LOS)guidance strategy drives the robot’s steering angle to maintain its anti-sideslip ability by predicting position errors and interferences.Then,the predictions of system parameters and viscous friction coefficients can compensate for the joint torque control input.The compensation is adopted to enhance the compatibility of a robot within ever-changing environments.Simulation and experimental outcomes show that our work can decrease the fluctuation peak of the tracking errors,reduce adjustment time,and improve accuracy.

Finite-Time Sideslip Differentiator-Based LOS Guidance for Robust Path Following of Snake Robots

This paper presents a finite-time sideslip differentiator-based line-of-sight(LOS)guidance method for robust path following of snake robots.Firstly,finite-time stable sideslip differentiator and adaptive LOS guidance method are proposed to counteract sideslip drift caused by cross-track velocity.The proposed differentiator can accurately observe the cross-track error and sideslip angle for snake robots to avoid errors caused by calculating sideslip angle approximately.In our method,the designed piecewise auxiliary function guarantees the finite-time stability of position errors.Secondly,for the case of external disturbances and state constraints,a Barrier Lyapunov functionbased backstepping adaptive path following controller is presented to improve the robot’s robustness.The uniform ultimate boundedness of the closed-loop system is proved by analyzing stability.Additionally,a gait frequency adjustment-based virtual velocity control input is derived to achieve the exponential convergence of the tangential velocity.At last,the availability and superiority of this work are shown through simulation and experiment results.

Placental Abruption Following Snakebites Envenomation: A Case Report and Literature Review

Background: Snakebite envenomation in pregnancy is uncommon. It can lead to a poor outcome in both the mother and the fetus. We describe our approach to envenomation in pregnancy based on the currently available evidence. Case: We reported two case of snakebite in the third trimester of pregnancy having caused placental abruption with expelling a fresh still born baby and a live baby. In both cases, consumption coagulopathy occurred. managed by polyvalent anti-snake and blood transfusion. Their investigations became normal and they were discharged of hospitalization. Conclusion: Snakebite envenomation in pregnant is a maternal and fetal emergency. Treatment must be quick and well adapted.

Isolation and identification of four pathogenic bacterial strains from edible snake(Elaphe carinata and Ptyas mucosus)farms with pneumonia in China

This report describes an outbreak and treatment of pneumonia and enteritis in a snake farm with more than 3000 snakes containing Elaphe carinata(one-year-old)and Ptyas mucosus(three-month-old)seedlings in Huanggang,Hubei,China.Gentamicin was used once in the early stage as treatment,administered orally with water or feed by owners,but mortality increased.Lobar pneumonia was confirmed by dissection and histopathology in infected snakes.Four main pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified with culture and 16S rRNA sequencing:Staphylococcus sciuri,Salmonella enteritis,Vagococcus fluvialis and Providencia vermicola.Drug susceptibility tests were performed,and amikacin,gentamicin and cefitriaxone were chosen accordingly.After two rounds of treatment,the clinical signs for Elaphe carinata were under control,and the mortality was close to 0%after treatment.However,treatments for Ptyas mucosus seedlings did not work well,potentially because of poor administration technique and weak body condition.

The peptide fraction of Bothrops jararaca snake venom induces toxicological effects on the male reproductive system after local envenomation in mice

Bothrops envenomation is complex and provokes prominent local tissue damage and systemic disturbances,but little is known about their effects on the male reproductive system.After intratesticular injection,the bioactive peptide fraction(Bj-PF)obtained from Bothrops jararaca snake venom changes the structure of different stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle in adult mice.For the first time,we investigated whether local envenomation of Bj-PF induces toxicological effects on the male reproductive system,particularly on the seminiferous epithelium and Sertoli cells.Male adult mice were treated with 0.24 mg.kg^(-1) by intramuscular(i.m.)injection for 24 h.The testes samples were collected for morphological and morphometric evaluation.The toxicological effects of Bj-PF were also analyzed on mitochondrial metabolism and nitrite(NO2)production in 15P-1 Sertoli cell culture.Bj-PF changed the structure and function of the seminiferous epithelium,particularly the disruption of the epithelium and the presence of degenerated germ cells in the adluminal compartment,but there were no alterations in the basal compartment.Bj-PF increased the thickness of the seminiferous epithelium and decreased the lumen diameter of the tubule.Semiquantitative histological assessment of the degree of tubule degeneration revealed that Bj-PF also increased the number of hypospermatogenic tubules compared to control.Bj-PF reduced NO2 levels in 15P-1 Sertoli cells without changing the mitochondrial metabolism.Overall,the fact that Bj-PF alters the structure and function of the seminiferous epithelium suggests that bioactive peptides found in B.jararaca snake venom can have toxicological effects on the reproductive systems of affected male mice,providing new insight into the biological characteristics of snake venom and therapeutic strategies for envenomation inflammation.

Review on Preparation and Research of Prescriptions for Snake Bites in Fujian Province

The history of research and preparation of prescriptions for snake bites in Fujian Province was reviewed, and the process of incorporating snake doctors into the system and the gradual establishment of snake bite treatment system in Fujian were explored. The composition of several main snake bite preparations in Fujian was preliminarily compared and analyzed to provide reference for the research and development of similar new preparations at present.

New Snake Genome Study Sheds Light on Limb Loss and Sensory Superpowers

A sweeping genomic study of snakes,published in Cell,has shed new light on the genetic basis of their unique traits and evolutionary adaptations.An international team,led by Dr.LI Jiatang from the CAS Chengdu Institute of Biology(CIB),analyzed the genomes of 25 snake species with a wide diversity,including blind snakes,pythons,and pit vipers.This extensive dataset allowed the researchers to track changes in the snake genome over 117 million years of evolution,and identify genetic modifications linked to limb loss,infrared sensing,asymmetrical lung development,and other distinctive snake features.

基于Snake-Net算法的刺绣针法识别

为有效提取刺绣图像中针法的特征值,实现刺绣针法的分类识别,在分析刺绣针法特点的基础上,提出了点状针法、线状针法和块面状针法的三大针法分类,并以占主体的块面状针法中的齐针、抢针和套针3种基础针法为处理对象,分析对比其针法特征,构建针法模型。针对刺绣针法图像进行图像纹理细节的增强处理,基于Harris角点检测特征点和Canny轮廓筛选,对传统Snake算法进行改进,形成智能化HC-Snake模型,实现对目标轮廓的智能化识别并提取目标图像的纹理及颜色特征。通过数据的方差分析确定CON sd,IDM sd,E a,E sd,ENT a,ENT sd,COR sd,SM和TM共9个特征指标,建立特征数据集。最后,建立神经网络分类模型,对针法样本进行分类,并对识别模型进行了实例验证。结果表明,该模型可以实现刺绣针法图像的分类,且分类准确率达到93.3%。

The SNAKE System: CEMADEN’s Landslide Early Warning System (LEWS) Mechanism

In Brazil, the prominent climate-induced disasters are floods and mass movements, with the latter being the most lethal. The spate of major landslide events, especially those in 2011, catalyzed the creation of CEMADEN (National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters). This article introduces one of CEMADEN’s pivotal systems for early landslide warnings and traces its developmental timeline. The highlighted SNAKE System epitomizes advancements in digital monitoring, forecasting, and alert mechanisms. By leveraging precipitation data from pluviometers in observed municipalities, the system bolsters early warnings related to potential mass movements, like planar slides and debris flows. Its deployment in CEMADEN’s Situation Room attests to its suitability for overseeing high-risk municipalities, attributed primarily to its robustness and precision.

基于PI3K/Akt通路研究蛇伤胶囊调节血小板活化功能治疗竹叶青蛇伤凝血障碍机制

目的基于PI3K/Akt通路研究蛇伤胶囊调节血小板活化功能治疗竹叶青蛇伤凝血障碍机制。方法24只新西兰大白兔被随机分为正常对照组、模型组、蛇伤胶囊组,每组8只雌雄各半,根据前期研究方法模型组和蛇伤胶囊组以兔耳缘静脉注射0.75 mg/kg竹叶青蛇毒液,建立竹叶青蛇伤兔模型,正常对照组注射等量生理盐水。注射后6 h后予正常对照组和模型组以10 ml/(kg·d)生理盐水灌胃,蛇伤胶囊组予10 ml/(kg·d)蛇伤胶囊所配药液灌胃。以上3组连续灌胃1周后兔耳缘静脉采血5 ml,血小板分离提取后Western blot检测各组血小板细胞PTEN、PI3K、Akt蛋白表达,qPCR检测各组血小板活化指标CD62P mRNA表达。结果与正常对照组相比,模型组血小板细胞PTEN蛋白表达增加(P<0.01),PI3K、Akt蛋白及CD62P mRNA表达减少(P<0.01);与模型组相比,蛇伤胶囊组血小板细胞PTEN蛋白表达减少(P<0.01),PI3K、Akt蛋白及CD62P mRNA表达增加(P<0.01)。结论蛇伤胶囊可通过上调PI3K/Akt通路,改善竹叶青蛇伤导致的血小板活化功能受抑制,从而治疗竹叶青蛇伤凝血障碍。

DNA条形码技术在蛇类鉴别中的应用

从NCBI中GenBank数据库下载蛇类细胞色素b基因(Cytb)序列7329条,以MT765098.1序列为标准进行对比和修剪,获得蛇类Cytb序列4665条。对蛇类Cytb序列进行核苷酸饱和度、遗传多样性、种内和种间遗传距离计算,构建系统发育树。结果表明,基于Kimura–2–Parameter模型,蛇类平均种内遗传距离为3.3%,普遍小于6.7%,而平均种间遗传距离为19.96%,普遍高于9.3%,说明蛇类物种间遗传距离存在较大差异。根据蛇类物种间遗传距离,识别出蛇类23个物种的亚种,Pareas和Hydrophis属物种含有复合体,Atractus dunni、A.iridescen和A.occidentali互为姐妹物种。

缺血性脊髓病的临床和影像学特征分析

目的总结缺血性脊髓病的临床和影像学特征。方法选取2015—2023年被误诊为急性脊髓炎,并于首都医科大学宣武医院最终确诊为缺血性脊髓病患者5例,回顾性分析患者的临床资料,总结患者的临床症状和影像学特点。结果5例患者中,男2例、女3例,中位发病年龄59岁,均为急性起病,表现为肢体无力、麻木等脊髓损害症状。5例患者的脊髓MRI示髓内异常信号,其中颈髓病变4例、腰膨大病变1例;轴位影像均出现典型“蛇眼征”特点5例,其中2例患者矢状位影像表现为“铅笔征”。患者发病早期应用免疫治疗后效果不佳。入院明确诊断后,给予抗凝或抗血小板药物治疗及脊髓功能康复治疗,症状有不同程度改善,但由于治疗延迟,均遗留肢体无力或麻木症状。结论脊髓髓内异常信号的特殊征象“蛇眼征”和“铅笔征”可作为缺血性脊髓病和急性脊髓炎的影像学重要鉴别要点。应提高以急性起病的脊髓损害症状患者特殊影像学征象的识别能力。

一种基于SO-CNN模型的可见光室内定位优化方法

针对基于机器学习的可见光室内定位方法存在的手工调参、定位精度低等问题,结合蛇优化(Snake Optimization,SO)算法的寻优能力与卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network,CNN)处理复杂非线性问题的能力,提出了一种基于SO-CNN模型的可见光室内定位优化方法。在考虑多径效应影响的情况下,采集每个位置点处的信噪比和对应位置坐标构建指纹数据库,对SO-CNN模型进行训练和测试,以得到最佳定位模型。实验结果表明,在5 m×5 m×3 m的房间中,与未经优化的CNN相比,该方法的平均定位误差降低了35.13%;与反向传播神经网络(Back Propagation Neural Network,BPNN)、多层感知器(Multilayer Perceptron,MLP)、SO-MLP相比,该方法的平均定位误差分别降低了54.75%,48.08%,37.01%。

督灸配合中药治疗重症肌无力的疗效观察

目的 观察督灸配合益髓健肌颗粒治疗重症肌无力的临床疗效。方法 将94例重症肌无力患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组47例。治疗组采用督灸配合益髓健肌颗粒治疗,对照组采用口服甲泼尼龙片治疗。观察两组治疗前后英国医学研究理事会(Medical Research Council, MRC)肌力评测表评分、重症肌无力肌群耐力评分量表(myasthenia gravis muscular endurance scale, MGMES)评分、肌肉含量及各项实验室指标[滤泡辅助性T细胞(T follicular helper cells, Tfh)、滤泡调节性T细胞(T follicular regulatory cells, Tfr)、Tfr/Tfh比值、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)、白细胞介素-2(interleukin-2, IL-2)、白细胞介素-17(interleukin-17, IL-17)、鸢尾素(irisin)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ共激活因子-1α(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1-α, PGC-1α)、Ⅲ型纤连蛋白结构域蛋白5(fibronectin typeⅢdomain-containing protein 5, FNDC5)、磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(phosphoinositide3-kinase, PI3K)、蛋白激酶B(AKT)、雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin, mTOR)]的变化情况,比较两组临床疗效、不良反应发生率及随访6个月复发率。结果 治疗组总有效率为95.7%,明显高于对照组的81.4%(P<0.05)。两组治疗后MRC肌力评测表评分及肌肉含量均较同组治疗前显著上升,MGMES评分均显著下降,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后Tfr、Tfr/Tfh、irisin水平均较同组治疗前显著上升,Tfh、TNF-α、IL-2、IL-17、PGC-1α、FNDC5、PI3K、AKT、mTOR水平均显著下降,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组治疗后Tfr、Tfr/Tfh水平均较同组治疗前显著上升,Tfh、TNF-α、IL-2、IL-17水平均显著下降,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后MRC肌力评测表评分、MGMES评分、肌肉含量及各项实验室指标与对照组比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗期间不良反应发生率和随访6个月复发率分别为2.2%和6.8%,明显低于对照组的32.6%和42.9%(均P<0.05)。结论 督灸配合益髓健肌颗粒可增强重症肌无力患者的肌肉张力,调节Tfh、Tfr平衡,拮抗血清促炎因子分泌,改善血清肌肉调节因子和PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路水平,安全性好。

基于SO-LSTM的立柱液压系统故障诊断方法研究

针对目前无法快速、准确地诊断矿用立柱液压系统故障等问题,在建立仿真模型分析单一故障机制的基础上,基于优化算法提出多种故障诊断方法。将立柱物理模块与立柱液压系统模块相结合,建立立柱液压系统仿真模型;基于Simulink分析单一故障的影响,基于蛇优化LSTM神经网络建立诊断模型;最后,根据实际数据进行模型的实例验证。结果表明:蛇优化LSTM模型对液压立柱故障仿真数据识别率达到99.5%,对液压立柱故障真实数据识别率达到97%,与模型仿真数据的预测精度仅相差2.5%,预测精度较高,达到了预期目标。

基于新构建操作规范及质量考核标准的吴氏长蛇灸治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床疗效观察

目的:探讨构建新操作规范及质量考核标准的吴氏长蛇灸治疗腰椎间盘突出症的效果。方法:选择2022年1月~2022年12月腰椎间盘突出症患者72例,随机数字表法分为观察组及对照组各36例。对照组采用双氯芬酸钠联合甲钴胺治疗,观察组在对照组基础上采用吴氏长蛇灸联合治疗,两组均完成8周干预,比较两组患者治疗前后Oswestry功能障碍指数问卷表(ODI)、日本骨科学会(JOA)评定量表评分、视觉模拟疼痛(VAS)评分及不良反应发生率。结果:两组患者治疗后ODI、VAS均降低,观察组治疗后ODI及VAS评分低于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者治疗后JOA评分均升高,观察组治疗后JOA评分高于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者治疗过程中头晕、嗜睡、恶心呕吐、血压波动及肝肾异常等不良反应发生率无统计差异(P>0.05)。结论:基于新构建的操作规范及质量考核标准规范的吴氏长蛇灸可改善腰椎间盘突出症患者功能障碍、减轻疼痛,促进患者功能恢复,未增加不良反应发生率,适合推广应用。