Application progresses of ultrasound for snakebites and relative complications

Snakebite has become a serious public health problem with high mortality and disability rates.Ultrasound can provide imaging basis for diagnosis and treatment of snakebites and relative complications.The application progresses of ultrasound in snakebites and complications were reviewed in this article.

WSN Mobile Target Tracking Based on Improved Snake-Extended Kalman Filtering Algorithm

A wireless sensor network mobile target tracking algorithm(ISO-EKF)based on improved snake optimization algorithm(ISO)is proposed to address the difficulty of estimating initial values when using extended Kalman filtering to solve the state of nonlinear mobile target tracking.First,the steps of extended Kalman filtering(EKF)are introduced.Second,the ISO is used to adjust the parameters of the EKF in real time to adapt to the current motion state of the mobile target.Finally,the effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated through filtering and tracking using the constant velocity circular motion model(CM).Under the specified conditions,the position and velocity mean square error curves are compared among the snake optimizer(SO)-EKF algorithm,EKF algorithm,and the proposed algorithm.The comparison shows that the proposed algorithm reduces the root mean square error of position by 52%and 41%compared to the SOEKF algorithm and EKF algorithm,respectively.

Yellowstone Region Drainage History as Determined from the 1955 Ashton, Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming 1:250,000 Scale Topographic Map, USA

The United States Geological Survey (USGS) 1955 (revised in 1972) Ashton topographic map (Ashton map) with a 1:250,000 scale and a 200-foot (about 60-meter) contour interval covers almost all of Yellowstone National Park and some adjacent regions to the south and west. In spite of numerous publications discussing Yellowstone region geologic history the drainage system and erosional landform evidence on the Ashton map appears to have been ignored. Drainage divides identifiable on the Ashton map separate the north-oriented Yellowstone, Gallatin, Madison, and Jefferson River drainage basins (which are located to the north and east of the continental divide with their water flowing to the Missouri River and ultimately the Gulf of Mexico) from the south-oriented Snake River drainage basin (with its water eventually reaching the Pacific Ocean). The Ashton map shows water-eroded passes and through valleys which link diverging and converging valleys which drain in opposite directions from the continental divide. These diverging and converging valleys suggest large volumes of south-oriented water once flowed across the Yellowstone region continental divide and some other Ashton map drainage divides. The accepted geology and glacial history paradigm (accepted paradigm) cannot satisfactorily explain the Ashton map drainage system and erosional landform evidence, which may be why geomorphologists have never addressed the map evidence. A new and fundamentally different geology and glacial history paradigm requiring the Yellowstone region to be located on the rim of a continental ice sheet created and occupied deep “hole” (which was uplifted as immense meltwater floods flowed across it) explains Ashton map drainage system and erosional landform evidence, but raises questions about previously published Yellowstone region geologic histories.

适用于多目标图像分割的改进BVF Snake模型

参数活动轮廓模型(Snake)在计算机视觉和图像处理领域有着广泛的应用。传统的Snake算法存在许多不足,包括计算量大和当存在多目标时不能收敛到特定目标。虽然边界向量场(Boundary Vector Field, BVF) Snake减小了计算量强度,但是当存在多目标时仍然不能收敛到特定目标。本文通过力场分析,确定了BVF Snake不适用于多目标图像分割的原因;通过改进,提出一种改进的方向BVF (directional BVF, DBVF) Snake模型;在该模型中,通过在特定目标内部增加一个点,得到一个方向向量场,来确定Snake的收敛方向,使其在存在多目标时可以收敛到特定目标。本文对DBVF Snake在增大捕捉范围、添加不同噪声两个方面和常见的Snake模型进行了对比分析,同时对声呐图像进行了分割,实验结果证明了本文提出的模型(方法)对多目标图像分割的有效性。

基于snake算法的声呐图像轮廓提取方法

针对成像声呐的水下目标检测问题,提出一种改进的snake目标轮廓提取方法。该方法首先通过构建高斯模型对成像声呐进行目标检测,提高了目标检测能力。其次根据预设目标粗略区域,结合梯度矢量流(GVF)改进的snake算法,实现了目标轮廓的连续提取。仿真试验验证了所提方法的有效性。

Finite-Time Sideslip Differentiator-Based LOS Guidance for Robust Path Following of Snake Robots

This paper presents a finite-time sideslip differentiator-based line-of-sight(LOS)guidance method for robust path following of snake robots.Firstly,finite-time stable sideslip differentiator and adaptive LOS guidance method are proposed to counteract sideslip drift caused by cross-track velocity.The proposed differentiator can accurately observe the cross-track error and sideslip angle for snake robots to avoid errors caused by calculating sideslip angle approximately.In our method,the designed piecewise auxiliary function guarantees the finite-time stability of position errors.Secondly,for the case of external disturbances and state constraints,a Barrier Lyapunov functionbased backstepping adaptive path following controller is presented to improve the robot’s robustness.The uniform ultimate boundedness of the closed-loop system is proved by analyzing stability.Additionally,a gait frequency adjustment-based virtual velocity control input is derived to achieve the exponential convergence of the tangential velocity.At last,the availability and superiority of this work are shown through simulation and experiment results.

Position Errors and Interference Prediction-Based Trajectory Tracking for Snake Robots

This work presents a trajectory tracking control method for snake robots.This method eliminates the influence of time-varying interferences on the body and reduces the offset error of a robot with a predetermined trajectory.The optimized line-of-sight(LOS)guidance strategy drives the robot’s steering angle to maintain its anti-sideslip ability by predicting position errors and interferences.Then,the predictions of system parameters and viscous friction coefficients can compensate for the joint torque control input.The compensation is adopted to enhance the compatibility of a robot within ever-changing environments.Simulation and experimental outcomes show that our work can decrease the fluctuation peak of the tracking errors,reduce adjustment time,and improve accuracy.

利用深度可变形轮廓模型进行结构体裂纹视觉检测

目前针对裂纹检测的深度学习实例分割方法主要通过目标检测生成一个边界框进行逐个像素掩码分割,不仅影响结构体裂纹轮廓的检测效果,且伴随着复杂的后处理代价。针对这一问题,文中提出利用深度可变形轮廓算法模型Deep Snake对结构体裂纹进行识别检测。通过对结构体裂纹数据集进行数据增强以提高模型鲁棒性,同时运用迁移学习将大型图片数据集COCO上的预训练网络参数迁移学习到结构体裂纹分割模型中作为初始化。在自制的裂纹图像数据集上进行实验,结果表明训练后的模型能够正确识别的裂纹对象并同时完成多个裂纹目标的分割,在检测平均时间为0.12 s的前提下AP50达到75.4%,与其他深度学习模型及边缘检测算法进行的比较结果也体现出Deep Snake算法的优越性。

The peptide fraction of Bothrops jararaca snake venom induces toxicological effects on the male reproductive system after local envenomation in mice

Bothrops envenomation is complex and provokes prominent local tissue damage and systemic disturbances,but little is known about their effects on the male reproductive system.After intratesticular injection,the bioactive peptide fraction(Bj-PF)obtained from Bothrops jararaca snake venom changes the structure of different stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle in adult mice.For the first time,we investigated whether local envenomation of Bj-PF induces toxicological effects on the male reproductive system,particularly on the seminiferous epithelium and Sertoli cells.Male adult mice were treated with 0.24 mg.kg^(-1) by intramuscular(i.m.)injection for 24 h.The testes samples were collected for morphological and morphometric evaluation.The toxicological effects of Bj-PF were also analyzed on mitochondrial metabolism and nitrite(NO2)production in 15P-1 Sertoli cell culture.Bj-PF changed the structure and function of the seminiferous epithelium,particularly the disruption of the epithelium and the presence of degenerated germ cells in the adluminal compartment,but there were no alterations in the basal compartment.Bj-PF increased the thickness of the seminiferous epithelium and decreased the lumen diameter of the tubule.Semiquantitative histological assessment of the degree of tubule degeneration revealed that Bj-PF also increased the number of hypospermatogenic tubules compared to control.Bj-PF reduced NO2 levels in 15P-1 Sertoli cells without changing the mitochondrial metabolism.Overall,the fact that Bj-PF alters the structure and function of the seminiferous epithelium suggests that bioactive peptides found in B.jararaca snake venom can have toxicological effects on the reproductive systems of affected male mice,providing new insight into the biological characteristics of snake venom and therapeutic strategies for envenomation inflammation.

Isolation and identification of four pathogenic bacterial strains from edible snake(Elaphe carinata and Ptyas mucosus)farms with pneumonia in China

This report describes an outbreak and treatment of pneumonia and enteritis in a snake farm with more than 3000 snakes containing Elaphe carinata(one-year-old)and Ptyas mucosus(three-month-old)seedlings in Huanggang,Hubei,China.Gentamicin was used once in the early stage as treatment,administered orally with water or feed by owners,but mortality increased.Lobar pneumonia was confirmed by dissection and histopathology in infected snakes.Four main pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified with culture and 16S rRNA sequencing:Staphylococcus sciuri,Salmonella enteritis,Vagococcus fluvialis and Providencia vermicola.Drug susceptibility tests were performed,and amikacin,gentamicin and cefitriaxone were chosen accordingly.After two rounds of treatment,the clinical signs for Elaphe carinata were under control,and the mortality was close to 0%after treatment.However,treatments for Ptyas mucosus seedlings did not work well,potentially because of poor administration technique and weak body condition.

Review on Preparation and Research of Prescriptions for Snake Bites in Fujian Province

The history of research and preparation of prescriptions for snake bites in Fujian Province was reviewed, and the process of incorporating snake doctors into the system and the gradual establishment of snake bite treatment system in Fujian were explored. The composition of several main snake bite preparations in Fujian was preliminarily compared and analyzed to provide reference for the research and development of similar new preparations at present.

Placental Abruption Following Snakebites Envenomation: A Case Report and Literature Review

Background: Snakebite envenomation in pregnancy is uncommon. It can lead to a poor outcome in both the mother and the fetus. We describe our approach to envenomation in pregnancy based on the currently available evidence. Case: We reported two case of snakebite in the third trimester of pregnancy having caused placental abruption with expelling a fresh still born baby and a live baby. In both cases, consumption coagulopathy occurred. managed by polyvalent anti-snake and blood transfusion. Their investigations became normal and they were discharged of hospitalization. Conclusion: Snakebite envenomation in pregnant is a maternal and fetal emergency. Treatment must be quick and well adapted.

New Snake Genome Study Sheds Light on Limb Loss and Sensory Superpowers

A sweeping genomic study of snakes,published in Cell,has shed new light on the genetic basis of their unique traits and evolutionary adaptations.An international team,led by Dr.LI Jiatang from the CAS Chengdu Institute of Biology(CIB),analyzed the genomes of 25 snake species with a wide diversity,including blind snakes,pythons,and pit vipers.This extensive dataset allowed the researchers to track changes in the snake genome over 117 million years of evolution,and identify genetic modifications linked to limb loss,infrared sensing,asymmetrical lung development,and other distinctive snake features.

Binary Archimedes Optimization Algorithm for Computing Dominant Metric Dimension Problem

In this paper,we consider the NP-hard problem of finding the minimum dominant resolving set of graphs.A vertex set B of a connected graph G resolves G if every vertex of G is uniquely identified by its vector of distances to the vertices in B.A resolving set is dominating if every vertex of G that does not belong to B is a neighbor to some vertices in B.The dominant metric dimension of G is the cardinality number of the minimum dominant resolving set.The dominant metric dimension is computed by a binary version of the Archimedes optimization algorithm(BAOA).The objects of BAOA are binary encoded and used to represent which one of the vertices of the graph belongs to the dominant resolving set.The feasibility is enforced by repairing objects such that an additional vertex generated from vertices of G is added to B and this repairing process is iterated until B becomes the dominant resolving set.This is the first attempt to determine the dominant metric dimension problem heuristically.The proposed BAOA is compared to binary whale optimization(BWOA)and binary particle optimization(BPSO)algorithms.Computational results confirm the superiority of the BAOA for computing the dominant metric dimension.

一条蛇的旅程

There once lived a snake on one side of a lake and he wanted to go to the other side of the lake.从前在湖的一边住着一条蛇,它想去湖的另一边。The snake always saw dolphins playing in the lake.This time,however,for the first time ever,he asked a dolphin to come over.The snake said that he wanted to climb on the dolphin’s back to get to the other side of the lake as soon as possible.Because his mother was ill and had to have someone by her side.

The SNAKE System: CEMADEN’s Landslide Early Warning System (LEWS) Mechanism

In Brazil, the prominent climate-induced disasters are floods and mass movements, with the latter being the most lethal. The spate of major landslide events, especially those in 2011, catalyzed the creation of CEMADEN (National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters). This article introduces one of CEMADEN’s pivotal systems for early landslide warnings and traces its developmental timeline. The highlighted SNAKE System epitomizes advancements in digital monitoring, forecasting, and alert mechanisms. By leveraging precipitation data from pluviometers in observed municipalities, the system bolsters early warnings related to potential mass movements, like planar slides and debris flows. Its deployment in CEMADEN’s Situation Room attests to its suitability for overseeing high-risk municipalities, attributed primarily to its robustness and precision.

Snake模型综述

基于轮廓线模型的目标分割、物体跟踪方法是近十几年来图像和视频领域研究的热点。因为轮廓线模型可以将待处理问题的先验知识与各种图像处理算法有效地融合在一起,所以比以往的计算视觉理论具有更强的实用性。虽然很多模型算法已经和最初的Snakes大相径庭,但它们的指导思想却是一脉相承的。该文以Snakes模型为基础,系统地介绍了轮廓线模型的发展脉络和各种最新成果。

Snake模型与深度凹陷区域的分割

在基于Snake模型的图像分割中,深度凹陷区域的分割是一个难点.尽管GVFSnake模型极大地改善了这个问题,但它需要事先求解一个偏微分方程组,增大了计算量;同时,GVFSnake模型在初始化时还存在一个“临界点”问题.探讨了深度凹陷区域的分割,用离散轮廓上顺序3点所成三角形内切圆圆心来定义离散轮廓的曲率,该曲率既能反映轮廓的弯曲程度,又具有合理的方向.基于该曲率定义了曲率外力项,构造了基于Snake模型的两阶段算法,先采用传统Snake模型使离散轮廓逼近目标边缘,然后在曲率外力的作用下使离散轮廓进入目标的凹陷区.曲率外力项的引入能较好地解决深度凹陷区域的分割问题,也可以扩展该外力项来扩大Snake模型的捕捉范围.实验结果表明该方法是有效的.

基于Snake模型与角点检测的双果重叠苹果目标分割方法

为了实现重叠苹果目标的精确分割,提出了一种Snake模型与角点检测相结合的重叠苹果目标分割方法。该方法首先利用Snake模型得到重叠苹果目标的轮廓,接着采用提出的基于距离测度的角点检测算法寻找重叠苹果目标的角点,针对距离扰动产生伪角点的问题,采用3级db1小波变换得到不含细节信号的近似距离信号,并通过Spline样条内插算法使其恢复到原始信号的长度,从而去除伪角点,最后提出了一种基于长轴分割准则的分割点选取方法并实现了重叠苹果目标的分割。为了验证算法的有效性,利用20幅重叠苹果目标进行了试验,并与人工计算得到的分割线进行了对比,试验结果表明,利用文中算法分割重叠苹果目标的最大误差为13.27°,最小误差为1.20°,平均误差为6.41°,表明Snake模型与角点检测算法相结合对重叠苹果目标具有较好的分割性能,将该方法应用于重叠苹果目标的分割是可行的。

GVF Snake与显著特征相结合的高分辨率遥感图像道路提取

高分辨率遥感图像中的道路信息,对地理信息系统数据库的更新具有重要的意义。本文通过分析道路在遥感图像中所呈现的特性,提出了一种基于显著特征和GVF Snake的高分辨率遥感图像道路提取方法。该方法根据视觉认知理论将道路的几何特性和辐射特征作为显著特性。首先,通过融合颜色对比度和空间统计特征计算显著性图,并以输出的显著图的最大值作为GVF Snake的初始种子点;再利用区域生长法求出道路的初始边界,通过梯度矢量流模型的迭代求解,并最小化能量函数,实现道路信息的自动提取。试验结果表明,本文所提出的方法提高了不仅可以提高计算效率,还具有较好的检测精度。