A regional atmosphere-ocean coupled model, RegCM3-POM, was developed by coupling the regional climate model （RegCM3） with the Princeton Ocean Model （POM）. The performance of RegCM3-POM in simulating a persistent s...A regional atmosphere-ocean coupled model, RegCM3-POM, was developed by coupling the regional climate model （RegCM3） with the Princeton Ocean Model （POM）. The performance of RegCM3-POM in simulating a persistent snow storm over southern China and the impact of the Madden Julian oscillation （MJO） on this persistent snow storm were investigated. Compared with the stand-alone RegCM3, the coupled model performed better at reproducing the spatial-temporal evolution and intensity of the precipitation episodes. The power spectral analysis indicated that the coupled model successfully captured the dominant period between 30 and 60 days in the precipitation field, leading to a notable improvement in simulating the magnitude of intraseasonal precipitation variation, and further in enhancing the intensity of the simulated precipitation. These improvements were mainly due to the well-simulated low-frequency oscillation center and its eastward propagation characteristics in each MJO phase by RegCM3-POM, which improved the simulations of MJO-related low-frequency vertical motions, water vapor transport, and the deep inversion layer that can directly influence the precipitation event and that further improved the simulated MJOprecipitation relationship. Analysis of the phase relationship between convection and SST indicated that RegCM3-POM exhibits a near-quadrature relation between the simulated convection and SST anomalies, which was consistent with the observations. However, such a near-quadrature relation was not as significant when the stand-alone RegCM3 was used. This difference indicated that the inherent coupled feedback process between the ocean and atmosphere in RegCM3-POM played an important part in reproducing the features of the MJO that accompanied the snow storm.展开更多
The Regional Integrated Environmental Model System （RIEMS 2.0） with NCEP Reanalysis II is utilized to simulate the severe freezing rain and snow storm event over southern China in January 2008, which caused severe d...The Regional Integrated Environmental Model System （RIEMS 2.0） with NCEP Reanalysis II is utilized to simulate the severe freezing rain and snow storm event over southern China in January 2008, which caused severe damage in the region. The relationships between the freezing rain process and the large-scale cir- culation, in terms of the westerly and low-level jets, water vapor transportation, and northerly wind area/intensity indices, were analyzed to tmderstand the mechanisms of the freezing rain occurrence. The results indicate the fol- lowing： （1） RIEMS 2.0 reproduced the pattern of precipi- tation in January 2008 well, especially for the temporal evolution of daily precipitation averaged over the Yangtze River valley and southern China; （2） RIEMS 2.0 repro- duced the persistent trough in the South Branch of the westerlies, of which the southwesterly currents trans- ported abundant moisture into southern China; （3） RIEMS 2.0 reasonably reproduced the pattern of frequencies of light and moderate rain, although it overestimated the frequency of rain in southern China. This study shows that RIEMS 2.0 can be feasibly applied to study extreme weather and climate events in East Asia.展开更多
Four successive freezing rain/heavy snowfall processes occurred in the southern part of China from 11 January to 2 February 2008 （named ＂0801 Southern Snow Disaster＂ hereafter）, during which a large-scale blocking...Four successive freezing rain/heavy snowfall processes occurred in the southern part of China from 11 January to 2 February 2008 （named ＂0801 Southern Snow Disaster＂ hereafter）, during which a large-scale blocking circulation lasted for a long time over the mid-high latitudes of the Euro-Asian continent. This severe event is featured with a broad spatial scale, strong intensity, long duration, and serious damage. During the event, the blocking situation in the mid-high latitudes maintained quasi-sationary, but weather systems in the lower latitudes were active. Abundant water vapor was supplied, and favorable weather conditions for ice storms were formed over the large areas across the southern part of China. The results in this paper demonstrate that the significant factors responsible for the abnormal atmospheric circulation and this severe event include： 1） the very active Arctic Oscillation （AO）, which helped the permanent maintenance of the planetary-scale waves; 2） the continuous transfer of negative vorticity from the upstream region around 50°E into the blocking area, which caused the blocking situation reinforced repeatedly and sustained for a long time; and 3） the active air currents south of the Tibetan Plateau, which ensured abundant moisture supply to the southern areas of China. The 0801 Southern Snow Disaster was accompanied by extremely severe icing. In this paper, the data from Cloud-Profile Radar onboard the satellite CloudSat are used to study the dynamic and microphysical features of this event. The results show that there existed a melting layer between 2 and 4 km, and ice particles could be found above this layer and in the layer near the ground surface. Surface temperature kept between -4℃ and 0℃ with relative humidity over 90%, which provided the descending supercooled waterdrops with favorable synoptic and physical conditions to form glaze and ice at the surface via freezing, deposition and/or accretion. Causes of the event might be, as a whole, traced back to the planetary-scale systems. The study on the polar vortex anomaly in this paper reveals that changes in the polar vortex in the stratosphere preceded those in the troposphere, especially in early December 2007, while the intensification of the polar vortex in the troposphere delayed dramatically until middle January and early February of 2008. This implies that changes in the polar vortex in the stratosphere may be a precursor of the ensuing severe event and a meaningful clue for extended forecasts of such a disaster.展开更多
The northward movement of the storm over Bengal Bay was the main weather system producing heavy snow over southern Tibet in Nov. 1995. The effect of the Tibetan Plateau on the track of the storm over Bengal Bay and it...The northward movement of the storm over Bengal Bay was the main weather system producing heavy snow over southern Tibet in Nov. 1995. The effect of the Tibetan Plateau on the track of the storm over Bengal Bay and its cloud system was discussed by analyzing the GMS-5 water vapor image. It is estimated from this discussion that the altitude of the Plateau obstruct effect on synoptic systern can reach up to 300 hPa.展开更多
本文采用ECMWF(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts)细网格和NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)模式数据、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、降雪加密观测和常规资料,对2022年初的5次降雪过...本文采用ECMWF(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts)细网格和NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)模式数据、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、降雪加密观测和常规资料,对2022年初的5次降雪过程进行对比分析,发现5次降雪过程均为雨转雪过程,且持续时间相对较短,平原为雨夹雪或小雪到中雪,山区中到大雪,局部暴雪,数值模式预报的积雪深度与实况相差甚远;大尺度环流形势为500 hPa中低纬南支槽或弱波动配合700 hPa上的暖湿气流和中低层冷空气,造成边界层浅薄的冷垫上温度骤降而在短时间内形成降雪;相较于平原地区,高山区上空温度层结与最大上升运动中心的配置,有利于降雪粒子较长时间维持在有利于枝状雪花的形成区域,且高山区云底云水含量显著偏低、整层温度足够低,故高山区更利于暴雪的形成。展开更多
用1951—2008年58 a 1月10日—2月2日1 000 hPa高度场逐日NCEP/NCAR再分析格点资料,求得逐日蒙古高压的强度P和中心位置λc、c指数,用其对"0801南方雪灾"期间蒙古高压的中期演变过程进行统计分析。结果表明,2008年1月10日—...用1951—2008年58 a 1月10日—2月2日1 000 hPa高度场逐日NCEP/NCAR再分析格点资料,求得逐日蒙古高压的强度P和中心位置λc、c指数,用其对"0801南方雪灾"期间蒙古高压的中期演变过程进行统计分析。结果表明,2008年1月10日—2月2日蒙古高压强度P和中心所在纬度φc出现了连续4次振荡,它们与我国南方降温、降水振荡过程准同步。由P、(λc,c)给出的综合动态图上蒙古高压4次活动过程也很明显地与降温、降水中期过程一一对应。分析表明2008年1月10日—2月2日蒙古高压的这一中期演变特征,是1951年以来仅有的一次。因此,可以认为,在充沛水汽供应条件下蒙古高压强而连续的爆发是导致"0801南方雪灾"产生的直接环流成因。展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program,Grant Nos.2012CB955901 and 2011CB952002)the National Science and Technology Support Program of China (Grant No.2009BAC51B03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41105044 and 41105045)
文摘A regional atmosphere-ocean coupled model, RegCM3-POM, was developed by coupling the regional climate model （RegCM3） with the Princeton Ocean Model （POM）. The performance of RegCM3-POM in simulating a persistent snow storm over southern China and the impact of the Madden Julian oscillation （MJO） on this persistent snow storm were investigated. Compared with the stand-alone RegCM3, the coupled model performed better at reproducing the spatial-temporal evolution and intensity of the precipitation episodes. The power spectral analysis indicated that the coupled model successfully captured the dominant period between 30 and 60 days in the precipitation field, leading to a notable improvement in simulating the magnitude of intraseasonal precipitation variation, and further in enhancing the intensity of the simulated precipitation. These improvements were mainly due to the well-simulated low-frequency oscillation center and its eastward propagation characteristics in each MJO phase by RegCM3-POM, which improved the simulations of MJO-related low-frequency vertical motions, water vapor transport, and the deep inversion layer that can directly influence the precipitation event and that further improved the simulated MJOprecipitation relationship. Analysis of the phase relationship between convection and SST indicated that RegCM3-POM exhibits a near-quadrature relation between the simulated convection and SST anomalies, which was consistent with the observations. However, such a near-quadrature relation was not as significant when the stand-alone RegCM3 was used. This difference indicated that the inherent coupled feedback process between the ocean and atmosphere in RegCM3-POM played an important part in reproducing the features of the MJO that accompanied the snow storm.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2010CB950900 and 2009CB421100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 91025003)
文摘The Regional Integrated Environmental Model System （RIEMS 2.0） with NCEP Reanalysis II is utilized to simulate the severe freezing rain and snow storm event over southern China in January 2008, which caused severe damage in the region. The relationships between the freezing rain process and the large-scale cir- culation, in terms of the westerly and low-level jets, water vapor transportation, and northerly wind area/intensity indices, were analyzed to tmderstand the mechanisms of the freezing rain occurrence. The results indicate the fol- lowing： （1） RIEMS 2.0 reproduced the pattern of precipi- tation in January 2008 well, especially for the temporal evolution of daily precipitation averaged over the Yangtze River valley and southern China; （2） RIEMS 2.0 repro- duced the persistent trough in the South Branch of the westerlies, of which the southwesterly currents trans- ported abundant moisture into southern China; （3） RIEMS 2.0 reasonably reproduced the pattern of frequencies of light and moderate rain, although it overestimated the frequency of rain in southern China. This study shows that RIEMS 2.0 can be feasibly applied to study extreme weather and climate events in East Asia.
基金Supported jointly by the Basic Research Project of the State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciencesthe National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 40633016 and 40875029
文摘Four successive freezing rain/heavy snowfall processes occurred in the southern part of China from 11 January to 2 February 2008 （named ＂0801 Southern Snow Disaster＂ hereafter）, during which a large-scale blocking circulation lasted for a long time over the mid-high latitudes of the Euro-Asian continent. This severe event is featured with a broad spatial scale, strong intensity, long duration, and serious damage. During the event, the blocking situation in the mid-high latitudes maintained quasi-sationary, but weather systems in the lower latitudes were active. Abundant water vapor was supplied, and favorable weather conditions for ice storms were formed over the large areas across the southern part of China. The results in this paper demonstrate that the significant factors responsible for the abnormal atmospheric circulation and this severe event include： 1） the very active Arctic Oscillation （AO）, which helped the permanent maintenance of the planetary-scale waves; 2） the continuous transfer of negative vorticity from the upstream region around 50°E into the blocking area, which caused the blocking situation reinforced repeatedly and sustained for a long time; and 3） the active air currents south of the Tibetan Plateau, which ensured abundant moisture supply to the southern areas of China. The 0801 Southern Snow Disaster was accompanied by extremely severe icing. In this paper, the data from Cloud-Profile Radar onboard the satellite CloudSat are used to study the dynamic and microphysical features of this event. The results show that there existed a melting layer between 2 and 4 km, and ice particles could be found above this layer and in the layer near the ground surface. Surface temperature kept between -4℃ and 0℃ with relative humidity over 90%, which provided the descending supercooled waterdrops with favorable synoptic and physical conditions to form glaze and ice at the surface via freezing, deposition and/or accretion. Causes of the event might be, as a whole, traced back to the planetary-scale systems. The study on the polar vortex anomaly in this paper reveals that changes in the polar vortex in the stratosphere preceded those in the troposphere, especially in early December 2007, while the intensification of the polar vortex in the troposphere delayed dramatically until middle January and early February of 2008. This implies that changes in the polar vortex in the stratosphere may be a precursor of the ensuing severe event and a meaningful clue for extended forecasts of such a disaster.
文摘The northward movement of the storm over Bengal Bay was the main weather system producing heavy snow over southern Tibet in Nov. 1995. The effect of the Tibetan Plateau on the track of the storm over Bengal Bay and its cloud system was discussed by analyzing the GMS-5 water vapor image. It is estimated from this discussion that the altitude of the Plateau obstruct effect on synoptic systern can reach up to 300 hPa.
文摘本文采用ECMWF(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts)细网格和NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)模式数据、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、降雪加密观测和常规资料,对2022年初的5次降雪过程进行对比分析,发现5次降雪过程均为雨转雪过程,且持续时间相对较短,平原为雨夹雪或小雪到中雪,山区中到大雪,局部暴雪,数值模式预报的积雪深度与实况相差甚远;大尺度环流形势为500 hPa中低纬南支槽或弱波动配合700 hPa上的暖湿气流和中低层冷空气,造成边界层浅薄的冷垫上温度骤降而在短时间内形成降雪;相较于平原地区,高山区上空温度层结与最大上升运动中心的配置,有利于降雪粒子较长时间维持在有利于枝状雪花的形成区域,且高山区云底云水含量显著偏低、整层温度足够低,故高山区更利于暴雪的形成。
文摘用1951—2008年58 a 1月10日—2月2日1 000 hPa高度场逐日NCEP/NCAR再分析格点资料,求得逐日蒙古高压的强度P和中心位置λc、c指数,用其对"0801南方雪灾"期间蒙古高压的中期演变过程进行统计分析。结果表明,2008年1月10日—2月2日蒙古高压强度P和中心所在纬度φc出现了连续4次振荡,它们与我国南方降温、降水振荡过程准同步。由P、(λc,c)给出的综合动态图上蒙古高压4次活动过程也很明显地与降温、降水中期过程一一对应。分析表明2008年1月10日—2月2日蒙古高压的这一中期演变特征,是1951年以来仅有的一次。因此,可以认为,在充沛水汽供应条件下蒙古高压强而连续的爆发是导致"0801南方雪灾"产生的直接环流成因。
