基于FAST和Sobol指数法的雷达系统效能敏感性分析

为了以较小的代价快速提升对空探测雷达系统的综合效能,首先搭建了对空探测雷达系统综合效能的评估指标体系,在此基础上完成了综合效能评估模型的建立。选择两种基于方差原理的全局敏感性分析方法,即傅里叶幅度敏感性测试(Fourier amplitudes sensitivity test,FAST)和Sobol指数法,分别从频域和时域对建立的评估模型进行敏感性分析。在基于FAST进行敏感性分析时,提出了21维输入指标所对应的特征频率集的选取方法;在基于Sobol指数法进行敏感性分析时,考虑了二阶及高阶敏感性指数的影响。对比FAST和Sobol指数法的分析结果,两种方法获得的敏感性分析结果具有较好的一致性。其中,功率和频率为对空探测雷达系统的主要影响指标,为雷达系统的研发和升级提供了可靠性依据。

Euler’s First-Order Explicit Method–Peridynamic Differential Operator for Solving Population Balance Equations of the Crystallization Process

Using Euler’s first-order explicit(EE)method and the peridynamic differential operator(PDDO)to discretize the time and internal crystal-size derivatives,respectively,the Euler’s first-order explicit method–peridynamic differential operator(EE–PDDO)was obtained for solving the one-dimensional population balance equation in crystallization.Four different conditions during crystallization were studied:size-independent growth,sizedependent growth in a batch process,nucleation and size-independent growth,and nucleation and size-dependent growth in a continuous process.The high accuracy of the EE–PDDO method was confirmed by comparing it with the numerical results obtained using the second-order upwind and HR-van methods.The method is characterized by non-oscillation and high accuracy,especially in the discontinuous and sharp crystal size distribution.The stability of the EE–PDDO method,choice of weight function in the PDDO method,and optimal time step are also discussed.

Energy Stable Nodal DG Methods for Maxwell’s Equations of Mixed-Order Form in Nonlinear Optical Media

In this work,we develop energy stable numerical methods to simulate electromagnetic waves propagating in optical media where the media responses include the linear Lorentz dispersion,the instantaneous nonlinear cubic Kerr response,and the nonlinear delayed Raman molecular vibrational response.Unlike the first-order PDE-ODE governing equations considered previously in Bokil et al.(J Comput Phys 350:420–452,2017)and Lyu et al.(J Sci Comput 89:1–42,2021),a model of mixed-order form is adopted here that consists of the first-order PDE part for Maxwell’s equations coupled with the second-order ODE part(i.e.,the auxiliary differential equations)modeling the linear and nonlinear dispersion in the material.The main contribution is a new numerical strategy to treat the Kerr and Raman nonlinearities to achieve provable energy stability property within a second-order temporal discretization.A nodal discontinuous Galerkin(DG)method is further applied in space for efficiently handling nonlinear terms at the algebraic level,while preserving the energy stability and achieving high-order accuracy.Indeed with d_(E)as the number of the components of the electric field,only a d_(E)×d_(E)nonlinear algebraic system needs to be solved at each interpolation node,and more importantly,all these small nonlinear systems are completely decoupled over one time step,rendering very high parallel efficiency.We evaluate the proposed schemes by comparing them with the methods in Bokil et al.(2017)and Lyu et al.(2021)(implemented in nodal form)regarding the accuracy,computational efficiency,and energy stability,by a parallel scalability study,and also through the simulations of the soliton-like wave propagation in one dimension,as well as the spatial-soliton propagation and two-beam interactions modeled by the two-dimensional transverse electric(TE)mode of the equations.

The forecasting efficiency under different selected regions by Pattern Informatics Method and seismic potential estimation in the North-South Seismic Zone

In 2022,four earthquakes with M_(S)≥6.0 including the Menyuan M_(S)6.9 and Luding M_(S)6.8 earthquakes occurred in the North-South Seismic Zone(NSSZ),which demonstrated high and strong seismicity.Pattern Informatics(PI)method,as an effective long and medium term earthquake forecasting method,has been applied to the strong earthquake forecasting in Chinese mainland and results have shown the positive performance.The earthquake catalog with magnitude above M_(S)3.0 since 1970 provided by China Earthquake Networks Center was employed in this study and the Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)method was applied to test the forecasting efficiency of the PI method in each selected region related to the North-South Seismic Zone systematically.Based on this,we selected the area with the best ROC testing result and analyzed the evolution process of the PI hotspot map reflecting the small seismic activity pattern prior to the Menyuan M_(S)6.9 and Luding M_(S)6.8 earthquakes.A“forward”forecast for the area was carried out to assess seismic risk.The study shows the following.1)PI forecasting has higher forecasting efficiency in the selected study region where the difference of seismicity in any place of the region is smaller.2)In areas with smaller differences of seismicity,the activity pattern of small earthquakes prior to the Menyuan M_(S)6.9 and Luding M_(S)6.8 earthquakes can be obtained by analyzing the spatio-temporal evolution process of the PI hotspot map.3)The hotspot evolution in and around the southern Tazang fault in the study area is similar to that prior to the strong earthquakes,which suggests the possible seismic hazard in the future.This study could provide some ideas to the seismic hazard assessment in other regions with high seismicity,such as Japan,Californi,Turkey,and Indonesia.

基于介质模型Morris法和Sobol法的农业常用药剂环境敏感性分析

四级多介质模型的敏感性分析是生态毒理学的重要研究方法之一。为了系统性研究该分析方法,选用Morris法和Sobol法对两种农业常用药剂(抗生素磺胺甲嘧啶和四环素)进行研究,并对10种影响参数的敏感性进行了分析。结果表明:不同物质的参数敏感性有差异;Morris法可得到定性结果,Sobol法可得到定量结果,但两者参数排序结果相近;Morris法对计算资源需求更少,计算耗时短,结果输出快,而Sobol法需优化计算次数,计算过程相对复杂。目前多数的研究采用局部敏感性分析方法,但可能会造成结果的不准确性。在无法判断模型是否为线性时,应优先使用全局敏感性分析方法。

基于Sobol灵敏度分析法的风电机组噪声特性研究

风电机组所产生的噪声主要来自于由其叶片引起的气动噪声,包括来流湍流噪声和翼型自身噪声两部分,目前已成为影响声环境的重要因素之一。本文以Amiet&Lowson半经验风电机组噪声预测模型为研究对象,通过引入Sobol全局灵敏度分析方法,探究了影响风电机组来流湍流噪声各因素的重要性。研究表明,影响风电机组噪声大小的因素依次为:来流速度、声源到观测点的距离、声波频率、翼型弦长、翼型展长、空气密度和翼段距离地面高度,其中来流速度为最主要因素,其次为声源到观测点距离和声波频率,以上三点因素与风电机组结构无关,表明改变风电机组结构对缓解噪声污染效果不大。对于风电机组本身结构而言,翼段弦长的影响最大,如需要通过结构的改变来降噪,此参数应该为最先考虑的对象,其次为翼型展长。

Research on the Application of Montessori Education Method in Cognitive Training of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

Objective:To study the application of the Montessori education method in cognitive training in patients with Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Methods:40 cases of senile dementia patients who were admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to January 2023 were selected and randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group according to the single and double number table method,with 20 cases in each group.The intervention group used the Montessori education method,the principle of which was to implement individualized health interventions based on the individual conditions of the patients,for a period of 6 months;the control group was given conventional treatment and nursing of the disease.The Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)was used to compare the effects of the two groups of patients before and after health intervention and conduct statistical analysis.Results:The score of the intervention group was higher than that of the control group,and there was a statistical difference between the two(P<0.05).Conclusion:Implementing the Montessori education method for diagnosed Alzheimer’s patients can effectively improve their cognitive function and delay the progress of further dementia.

Solid Waste Management:A MADM Approach Using Fuzzy Parameterized Possibility Single-Valued Neutrosophic Hypersoft Expert Settings

The dramatic rise in the number of people living in cities has made many environmental and social problems worse.The search for a productive method for disposing of solid waste is the most notable of these problems.Many scholars have referred to it as a fuzzy multi-attribute or multi-criteria decision-making problem using various fuzzy set-like approaches because of the inclusion of criteria and anticipated ambiguity.The goal of the current study is to use an innovative methodology to address the expected uncertainties in the problem of solid waste site selection.The characteristics(or sub-attributes)that decision-makers select and the degree of approximation they accept for various options can both be indicators of these uncertainties.To tackle these problems,a novel mathematical structure known as the fuzzy parameterized possibility single valued neutrosophic hypersoft expert set(ρˆ-set),which is initially described,is integrated with a modified version of Sanchez’s method.Following this,an intelligent algorithm is suggested.The steps of the suggested algorithm are explained with an example that explains itself.The compatibility of solid waste management sites and systems is discussed,and rankings are established along with detailed justifications for their viability.This study’s strengths lie in its application of fuzzy parameterization and possibility grading to effectively handle the uncertainties embodied in the parameters’nature and alternative approximations,respectively.It uses specific mathematical formulations to compute the fuzzy parameterized degrees and possibility grades that are missing from the prior literature.It is simpler for the decisionmakers to look at each option separately because the decision is uncertain.Comparing the computed results,it is discovered that they are consistent and dependable because of their preferred properties.

Critical care nurses and their clinical reasoning for customizing monitor alarms:a mixed-method study

Objective:To explore the clinical rationale of critical care nurses for personalizing monitor alarms.One of the most crucial jobs assigned to critical care nurses is monitoring patients'physiological indicators and carrying out the necessary associated interventions.Successful use of equipment in the nursing practice environment will be improved by a thorough understanding of the nurse's approach to alarm configuration.Methods:A mixed-method design integrating quantitative and qualitative components was used.The sample of this study recruited a convenience sample of 60 nurses who have worked in critical care areas.This study took place at Lebanese American University Medical Center Rizk Hospital,utilizing a semi-structured interview with participants.Results:The study demonstrated the high incidence of nuisance alarms and the desensitization of critical care nurses to vital ones.According to the nurses,frequent false alarms and a shortage of staff are the 2 main causes of alarm desensitization.Age was significantly associated with the perception of Smart alarms,according to the data(P=0.03).Four interconnected themes and subcategories that reflect the clinical reasoning process for alarm customization were developed as a result of the study's qualitative component:(1)unit alarm environment;(2)nursing style;(3)motivation to customize;and(4)clinical and technological customization.Conclusions:According to this study,nurses believe that alarms are valuable.However,a qualitative analysis of the experiences revealed that customization has been severely limited since the healthcare team depends on nurses to complete these tasks independently.Additionally,a staffing shortage and lack of technical training at the start of placement have also hindered customization.

Sensitivity analysis of factors affecting gravity dam anti-sliding stability along a foundation surface using Sobol method

The anti-sliding stability of a gravity dam along its foundation surface is a key problem in the design of gravity dams.In this study,a sensitivity analysis framework was proposed for investigating the factors affecting gravity dam anti-sliding stability along the foundation surface.According to the design specifications,the loads and factors affecting the stability of a gravity dam were comprehensively selected.Afterwards,the sensitivity of the factors was preliminarily analyzed using the Sobol method with Latin hypercube sampling.Then,the results of the sensitivity analysis were verified with those obtained using the Garson method.Finally,the effects of different sampling methods,probability distribution types of factor samples,and ranges of factor values on the analysis results were evaluated.A case study of a typical gravity dam in Yunnan Province of China showed that the dominant factors affecting the gravity dam anti-sliding stability were the anti-shear cohesion,upstream and downstream water levels,anti-shear friction coefficient,uplift pressure reduction coefficient,concrete density,and silt height.Choice of sampling methods showed no significant effect,but the probability distribution type and the range of factor values greatly affected the analysis results.Therefore,these two elements should be sufficiently considered to improve the reliability of the dam anti-sliding stability analysis.

Sensitivity Analysis for Epistemic Uncertain System Based on Sobol' Method

Considering the characteristics of sensitivity analysis in epistemic uncertain system,a new sensitivity analysis index based on Sobol' method was proposed. Then the index calculation method with single cycle Monte-Carlo sampling was studied, and an application was developed. Numerical examples show that,the new method could solve the system sensitivity analysis problem with mixed aleotory and epistemic uncertainties. In this method,aleotory uncertain parameters could be sampled randomly according their distributions, and need not be translated to evidence bodies.Epistemic uncertain parameters were sampled randomly based on evidence theory. Therefore the loss of information in the sampling process was small,and the shortcomings of the existing methods were overcome.

基于Sobol法的TOPMODEL模型全局敏感性分析

Sobol法是最具代表性的全局敏感性分析方法。应用Sobol全局敏感性分析方法分析TOPMODEL模型的参数对Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数、总水量平衡误差系数、低水流量误差系数和高水流量误差系数4个目标函数的敏感性。通过对白盆珠水库、流溪河水库的分析结果表明,较敏感的参数有M、lnT0、Sr0和Rv,Sobol方法给出的定量敏感度能衡量敏感性表现的差异,并反映出了模型"异参同效"的现象。

基于Sobol’法的Petrel-Ⅱ水下滑翔机能耗参数灵敏度分析

水下滑翔机作为一种新型水下航行器,可通过浮力驱动实现多剖面连续运动.由于其强大的续航能力和较高的隐蔽性,被广泛应用于海洋调查和军事探测等领域.商业化水下滑翔机大多由自身携带的电池提供能源,由于电量限制,需开发更低功耗的水下滑翔机.本文基于动力学和流体力学理论,结合水下滑翔机工作流程和单元试验数据,建立了Petrel-Ⅱ水下滑翔机的单剖面能耗模型,海试数据表明,模型计算误差仅为实际能耗的1.3%,.采用Sobol’全局灵敏度分析方法得到了航行参数和设计参数对水下滑翔机能耗的1阶灵敏度和总灵敏度.结果表明,滑翔机下潜深度h、俯仰角度θ和航行速度V对单剖面能耗影响有着重要影响,其1阶灵敏度系数分别为0.388,8、0.227,2和0.138,0,总灵敏度系数分别为0.478,0、0.301,2和0.247,2.滑翔机纵向力系数Cx和横截面积S的灵敏度处于中间水平,其1阶灵敏度系数分别为0.044,0和0.034,5,总灵敏度系数分别为0.081,8和0.066,5.浮力驱动点位置lb、滑翔机总重G和垂向力系数Cy的1阶灵敏度系数和总灵敏系数均接近零,其值的波动对水下滑翔机单剖面能耗几乎不产生影响.

基于Sobol方法的新安江模型参数敏感性分析

采用敏感性分析方法对复杂模型和系统的输入和输出进行定性和定量的分析,有利于模型结构的诊断、模型参数的识别和模型的应用。现以桓仁水库流域为例,使用Sobol方法,以确定性系数、总水量误差系数、低水误差系数和高水误差系数作为敏感性分析模型的目标函数,分别对模型单参数和多参数的敏感性进行了评价。结果表明不同目标函数下参数的敏感性不同;Sobol能定量地给出参数的总敏感度和参数间相互作用的敏感度,适合于分析水文模型的参数敏感性。

基于Sobol’法的车身噪声传递函数全局灵敏度分析

针对局部灵敏度分析方法不能考虑参数的概率分布、不能适用参数大范围变化及分析各参数之间交互作用等局限,将Sobol’全局灵敏度分析法引入到汽车噪声传递函数的灵敏度分析中。Sobol’法将函数f(x)分解成2n项递增项之和,通过采样计算模型响应的总方差及各偏方差,以求得灵敏度,从而有效避免了局部灵敏度分析方法的缺陷。以某型轿车为例,在建立声固耦合有限元模型的基础上,计算出从悬置点到驾驶员右耳处的车身噪声传递函数,并运用Sobol’法分析出相关板件厚度的一阶全局灵敏度及总体全局灵敏度值,从而甄别出对驾驶员耳旁声压单独影响较大或交互作用显著的板件,为车身噪声传递函数的优化工作提供指导。应用实例验证了该方法的有效性。

基于Sobol法的整体翼梁损伤容限设计参数灵敏度分析

针对飞机结构设计中设计变量灵敏度的问题,提出了基于Sobol法的全局灵敏度分析策略。以飞机整体翼梁结构损伤容限设计为例,设计变量为翼梁结构截面参数,应用支持向量机理论分别构造以截面参数为输入、应力强度因子和结构重量为响应的代理模型,结合Sobol法计算输入对响应的灵敏度大小,并对计算结果进行分析。分析结果表明:在对整体结构进行损伤容限优化设计时,可以将其设计变量由6个变为4个,灵敏度较小的2个设计变量可以设为一个定值。

基于Sobol和EFAST法的枪弹转动角速度全局灵敏度仿真分析

为开展外弹道测试、动力学特性研究等需要,经常在枪弹外部安装各种用于飞行状态测量的装置。由于枪弹在发射及飞行中的状态受到各种随机因素的干扰,直接影响测量输出。为更好地开展试验设计及相关数据处理工作,采用姿态测量装置测量枪弹转动角速度的方案,以5自由度刚体弹道方程组为基础,采用基于蒙特卡洛打靶的Sobol全局灵敏度分析方法和傅里叶幅值灵敏度检验扩展法(EFAST),就姿态测量的输出对初速跳动、起始扰动等因素的敏感程度开展定量研究。定量分析结果表明:(1)初速和初始攻角对姿态测量装置沿弹体径向的输出影响较大,初速对姿态测量装置轴向输出的影响较大;(2)Sobol法和EFAST法均可定量分析参数对输出变量的贡献率,但EFAST法的计算更为稳健、高效。

基于Sobol法的载人空降人体头-颈部损伤响应特性研究

建立了载人着陆冲击的"假人-座椅"数值模型,并进行数值模拟和实验验证。模型经验证后,其数值结果与实验数据非常接近,并基于Sobol法对人体不同部位角度对人体头-颈部损伤响应的影响进行了灵敏度分析。结果表明:人体头-颈部角度和体位角对人体损伤响应有着重要影响。根据分析结果,可为最佳人体着陆姿势的研究提供变量选取依据,在载人空降防护技术领域具有一定的实际工程意义。

基于Sobol法的AP1000堆芯敏感性分析

基于Sobol法,通过对燃料包壳尺寸、燃料富集度等设计输入参数进行拉丁超立方抽样,开展功率峰因子、慢化剂温度系数、控制棒价值等AP1000首循环堆芯物理关键参数对设计输入参数的敏感性分析。分析结果表明:AP1000首循环堆芯物理关键参数对包壳外径、富集度为1.58%、3.20%、3.80%、4.40%的燃料组件、燃料芯块半径、IFBA中硼-10线密度和控制棒导向管尺寸较为敏感。

基于Sobol’法的可变形状空腔全局灵敏度分析

高速气流经过空腔结构产生的高强度空腔噪声极易诱发空腔内结构共振而导致腔内元器件声疲劳破坏。提出了一种可变形状空腔控制方法,该控制方法通过机械装置调节空腔前、后壁面的倾斜角度达到降低空腔噪声的目的;在Ma=0.85条件下,利用大涡模拟(LES)预测空腔内的流体流动,以可变形状空腔的前、后壁面的倾斜角度作为设计变量,以空腔底板表面噪声载荷的主模态幅值作为响应,利用基于MSE准则的Kriging方法建立二自由度可变形状空腔的代理模型,利用Sobol’法分析模型的全局灵敏度。发现,可变形状空腔的前、后壁面倾斜可以明显抑制空腔底板表面噪声载荷的主模态幅值,其中后壁面倾斜的全局灵敏度为前壁面倾斜的1.712倍,并且前、后壁面倾斜对空腔底板表面噪声载荷的主模态幅值的交互影响小。