Sensitivity of Personal Account Accumulated Value of New Rural Social Pension Insurance to Variation of Uncertainties

The personal account of new rural social pension insurance raises funds in the form of individual premium-paying,collectively pooled subsidy and government subsidy.The personal account accumulated value has a decisive influence on the payment level of personal account pension.The personal account accumulated value has a direct or indirect relationship with the income level of farmers,premium-paying level,the insured period,investment return rate of funds and other factors.Analysing the impact of infinitesimal variation of these factors on accumulated value of personal account pension,is of great significance to improving and consolidating personal account,and achieving sustainable development of new rural social pension insurance.

Research on the Construction of the Social Pension Insurance System of the New Era

The Chinese nation is well- known for its tradition of respecting the elder. In the traditional society,the elder could get comprehensive security with social pension insurance system and family protection,which is also the native cultural advantage concerning the aged tendency of population at present in China. In the modern society,China shall reconstruct a multi- leveled old- age security system consisting of support from governments of various levels,organizations,communities,civil organizations and families on the basis of the Chinese culture. Then the old people in the traditional society and in the modern society are both supported by families as well as society; with the state taking the responsibility,the old people live well both physically and mentally.

Optimization of Actuarial Model for Individual Account of Rural Social Pension Insurance

This paper firstly analyzes different payment methods of individual account and the pension replacement rate under the pension payment method.Results show that it will be more scientific and reasonable for the individual account of new rural social pension insurance to adopt the actuarial model of payment according to proportion of income and periodic prestation at variable amount.The Guiding Opinions on New Rural Social Pension Insurance sets forth individual account should be paid at fixed amount,and the insured voluntarily selects payment level as per criteria set by the State.The monthly calculation and distribution amount of pension is the total amount of individual account divided by139.Therefore,it should start from continuation of policies and make adjustment of payment level in accordance with growth of per capita net income of rural residents.When condition permits,it is expected to realize transition to payment as per income proportion and periodic prestation at variable amount.

养老保险政策改革与老年家庭财务脆弱性: 基于CHFS的经 验证据

依据中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据,以2018年养老保险待遇水平调整的政策改革作为准自然实验,并运用双重差分模型,考量养老保险政策改革对老年家庭财务脆弱性的影响。结果表明,养老保险政策改革通过促进收入的增加、减缓养老风险和健康风险冲击力度,使得老年家庭陷入财务脆弱性的概率下降5.61%。异质性分析显示,农村、有医疗保险以及需抚养子女数量少的老年家庭受到养老保险政策改革的影响程度更大。鉴于此,应通过提高养老保险保障水平、实行更精细化的养老保险政策等方式,推动我国多层次社会保障体系的完善。

A Study on the Path of Promoting the Socialization Level of the Old--age Service in Internet

The rapid development of Intemet＋ has accelerated the integration with the traditional industry, the field of pension services is no exception, the State Department issued in 2015, ＂on the positive promotion of the Internet ＋＂ action guidance ＂clearly put forward＂ to promote the wisdom of health care industry development ＂The goal of the task, and now, the Intemet＋ has been inserted for the old age of a pair of wings, the application of technology to promote the development of pension industry. This paper analyzes the status quo of socialization of old - age service, the use ofInternet ＋ technology, to achieve the traditional pension services and the latest network technology in depth integration, scientific analysis to explore the relevant path. Intemet ＋ era of the path to choose from the following aspects Finally, Top-level design should strengthen the formulation of government policy system, promote departmental collaboration, strengthen the development of information technology standards. In addition to establish a sound network information pension service system

Comparison of the Pension System Reform in East Asia and Southeast Asia

This paper introduces the development of the pension system in East Asian and Southeast Asian countries in the backdrop of population aging all over the world.Based on the historical development and comparison of the present pension systems of different countries in East Asia and Southeastern Asia,this paper proposes the key components and the functions of each component of the pension system.Moreover shortcomings of low coverage and benefit and suggestions for the future are also covered in this paper.

农村社会养老保险对农户多维相对贫困的影响研究

农村社会养老保险对于提升家庭内生发展能力,缓解农户多维相对贫困具有重要意义。基于可行能力理论构建多维相对贫困指数,利用2014—2018年三期中国家庭追踪调查数据库,探究农村社会养老保险对农户多维相对贫困的政策效果及作用机制。结果表明,农村社会养老保险能够通过促进老年人操持家务、隔代照顾和促进青年劳动力外出就业缓解家庭多维相对贫困状况。按照农村社会养老保险的边际效果特征,农户群体可被划分为有效型、抑制型与无效型三种,且在样本期间内抑制型农户减少,无效型农户增多。另外,农村社会养老保险仅对于多维相对贫困程度较高的农户有显著的作用效果,且农村社会养老保险能够阻断返贫以及抑制长期性贫困。因此,为有效缓解农户多维贫困,应推动农村产业发展并加强对农村劳动力的技能培训,完善农村社会养老保险制度的运作模式和提升养老金待遇水平,以及构建多元化农村社会保障制度。

The Value of Social Security Fund Research

The social security fund investment operations of the social security system of a country or even the whole economy has a very important role in recent years, although China＇s social security fund management has made great progress, but China＇s social security fund investment operations in increasing the value of the pursuit of this goal, while also facing tremendous pressure. After years of practice of reform, China＇s old-age, unemployment and medical insurance and minimum living focused on the social security system has taken shape, but also the corresponding social security fund was established. Part of the problems of social security funds and other investment operations are increasingly apparent. How to achieve the social security fund is necessary to ensure payment, but also realize the accumulation, it is necessary to increase the value, but also to avoid risks, it has become an urgent task of China＇s reform and development. Social Security Fund Investment Management became the central task of the Social Security System.

Effect of state-owned shares transferred to the pension insurance fund

Theory and practice of full social security funds have been more concerned about the Chinese enterprise reform in particular lack of social security funds are insufficient pension fund problem has been of great concern. But with the aging of the population has become increasingly prominent, personal accounts empty account, insufficient co-ordination of social security funds and other funds in the account more and more pronounced. By analyzing the necessity and rationality of state-owned shares transfer, we can see that the use of state-owned shares transfer is a good way to supplement pension fund.

社会养老保险遗属抚恤法治的反思与重塑

为解决私法制度在面对扶养义务人死亡风险时的失灵问题,现代社会养老保险制度自诞生伊始就涵盖了遗属抚恤。我国劳动保险也早在20世纪50年代就为非因工死亡参保人员遗属设立了抚恤制度。然而,这种劳动保险遗属抚恤制度已难以适应新时代的要求。我们亟须探索建立一套新型社会养老保险遗属抚恤制度,以充分发挥互助共济功能,实现死亡风险的社会化治理。其主要特点包括:制度模式上统一于由社会养老保险基金负责提供资金;遗属范围上与民法扶养义务人的范围保持一致;抚恤金申请上以遗属有抚恤必要为前提;死亡事由上具有无条件性;待遇标准上实现对民法扶养费的替代。

社会工作在机构养老服务中的三重嵌合

在公共养老领域采取自上而下政府购买社会工作专业服务的嵌入策略,成了国家回应公共院舍养老需求的一种重要方式。社会工作机构嵌入老年院舍专业化服务后,专业力量可通过自身能动效力“成功”嵌入,再造院舍内部专业化服务供给秩序。但嵌入后仍面临着三重挑战:结构嵌入无法消解购买政策不确定性、认知嵌入不足以建构专业化服务体系、文化嵌入限制了院舍内生动力的生成。案例的进一步实践表明:长期稳定的社会工作老年院舍服务机制的维持需要社会工作机构从单向嵌入转向与公共院舍融合的嵌合式发展,从价值嵌合、行动嵌合和主体嵌合三个维度来找寻双方共融价值、塑造共同实践面向和促成身份双向认同,从而实现一般意义上的服务路径转向。

社会养老保险对农村包容性增长的影响——基于收入流动性的视角

使用CFPS 2010—2018年5期数据,考察农户参与新农保后收入增长的差异及其作用机制。研究发现:农户在期初参与新农保会显著提高其收入增长率,这主要是由于缴纳保险费用后农户预期养老风险的降低,会提高家庭的农业生产投入,促进经营性收入增长。并且,对不同收入水平农户的异质性分析表明,新农保对较低收入家庭收入增长促进效果更大,有利于农村包容性增长。因此,应当不断提高农村家庭应对养老风险的能力,将健全社会养老保险体系作为巩固和拓展脱贫攻坚成果、促进包容性增长、实现共同富裕的重要抓手。

长期护理保险的制度定位与模式选择

2016年以来,长期护理保险试点城市(地区)已扩大到49个并取得了长足发展,各试点地区因地制宜出现了诸多制度创新,但也存在明显的政策碎片化现象。本文着重讨论了长期护理保险制度碎片化现象较为明显的四个问题,包括享受待遇的目标人群、服务方式的供给结构、服务项目的侧重比例、两大制度板块的覆盖边界等;着重分析了模式选择的四个不同做法,包括运行模式、保障模式、筹资模式、经办模式等,并逐一提出相应的政策建议。根据“摸着石头过河与顶层设计相结合”的方法论,本文认为,应尽快结束试点,进入顶层设计阶段,以减少沉没成本;根据不同国家建立长期护理保险的时间节点,我国建立长期护理保险制度充分体现了“尽力而为、量力而行”的基本原则,是推进中国式现代化和实现共同富裕的重要举措;根据人口老龄化发展趋势,建议以2035年为界进行“两阶段推进”,以期平稳过渡到全国一盘棋的统一制度。

我国养老保障体系的反思与优化:基于社会纽带视角

社会纽带可以为老年人提供必需的保护和认可,是衡量与检视养老保障体系的重要视角。养老保障体系中家庭养老保障的完善有助于强化直系纽带,社区养老包括互助养老的发展可以帮助老年人加强选择性参与纽带,养老保险和长期护理保险制度的优化可以减少有机参与纽带破裂带来的影响,老年社会救助和老年福利津贴的发展有利于巩固公民身份纽带。透过社会纽带视角审视我国的养老保障体系,可以发现,尽管我国养老保障体系的改革发展取得了重要成就,但是还存在理念上对老年人社会融入的关注不足以及相关制度未能有效巩固老年人各种社会纽带的问题。为此,需要确立“保障生活与社会融入”并重的养老保障体系的价值理念,建立健全内容全面、系统协同的养老保障制度体系,并优化与完善养老保障工作的相关体制机制,不断巩固老年人的社会纽带,为老年人安享晚年提供健全的保障。

延迟退休、个税递延对养老金替代率和社会福利的影响及政策优化研究

在人口老龄化趋势下,如何充分发挥养老体系效用,并全面提升整体社会福利,将成为推动实现中国全体人民共同富裕的现代化过程中的一项重要议题。养老金替代率是衡量退休人员生活水平的重要指标,为保证退休后老年人的生活质量,提高中国的养老金替代率至关重要。首先构建了一个包含“统账结合”的世代交叠模型,在考虑缴费不实的情况下,定量考察延迟退休和个税递延政策对养老金替代率和社会福利的影响,并基于社会福利最大化和一定养老金目标替代率下探究两种政策的最优实施组合。结果显示:在一定养老金目标替代率下,个税递延可抵扣比例和延迟退休时间呈负相关关系,当养老金目标替代率发生变动,两种政策也需做出相对应的调整。从两种政策对养老金替代率和社会福利的作用效果看,延迟退休和个税递延政策均能提高养老金替代率和社会福利,两种政策搭配实施能使养老金替代率达到目标水平,但是延迟退休政策对养老金替代率和社会福利的提高程度要高于个税递延政策,且社会福利随延迟退休时间的增加而提高。此外,延迟退休和个税递延政策提高养老金替代率的路径不同,延迟退休政策能同时提高个人账户养老金替代率和统筹账户养老金替代率,进而提高养老金替代率;个税递延政策只能通过提高商业养老金替代率来提高养老金替代率。值得注意的是,在社会福利最大化水平下,预期的养老金目标替代率决定了两种政策组合实施的优先顺序。当养老金目标替代率为60%和65%时,应优先实施延迟退休政策;当养老金目标替代率达到70%,即达到不影响老年人退休生活水平的状态时,应搭配实施两种政策。因此,中国应该统筹实施延迟退休和个税递延政策提高养老金替代率,保障老年人退休后的生活水平,也能促进中国多支柱养老金体系的建设和发展。

社会养老保险对农村老年人社会适应的影响——基于中国老年社会追踪调查的实证研究

基于中国老年社会追踪调查(CLASS)2016年和2018年两期数据,运用固定效应模型、工具变量法和渠道分析法,实证分析社会养老保险对农村老年人社会适应的影响。研究发现:社会养老保险显著提高了农村老年人的生活满意度和人际交往,对社会适应具有明显的改善效应,在对内生偏误进行有效处理后,所得结论依然稳健;社会养老保险对农村老年人社会适应的改善效用具有性别、年龄和居住方式差异;经济支持和情感支持是社会养老保险影响农村老年人社会适应的重要路径。因此,应提高社会养老保障水平并建立稳定持续的增长模式、强化社会养老公共服务均等化并精准施策、积极建设老年友好型社会并重视农村老年人的社会需求,以期进一步提高农村老年人的社会养老保障水平和社会适应能力。

中国传统孝道及其新时代价值与创新

孝道是中华民族的传统美德,中国社会发展的不同历史时期,孝道对于社会稳定和家庭和谐有举足轻重的作用,然而也具有一定的不平等性、愚民性和保守性。新时代赋予孝道新的内容,在现实中可以建立联动教育机制,以社会养老为主的多层次养老模式,践行多元化的方式,实现孝道新渠道的践行。

生育政策调整、延迟退休与社会基本养老保险基金可持续性

为应对人口老龄化对社会基本养老保险基金可持续性日益加深的不利影响,通过对我国未来人口情况进行预测和构建养老保险基金收支模型,具体测算“三孩”政策及延迟退休对社会基本养老保险基金可持续性的影响.研究表明:“三孩”政策和延迟退休年龄是我国应对老龄化危机和缓解养老保险基金支付压力的有效政策工具,且两者能够互相补充,两项改革同时存在的效果明显优于单项政策的效果.因此,应加速完善“三孩”生育政策配套制度、尽快实施渐进式延迟退休政策和全力推进社会基本养老保险实现全国统筹.

劳动制度视角下的延迟退休政策的配套性社会保障措施探析

延迟退休的必要性和制度设计应在横向社会年龄结构和纵向个人生命周期的双重视角下来探讨。前者牵涉人口年龄结构、抚养比的变化以及带来的社会养老压力和养老金账户问题,这是当前学界研究延迟退休问题的主要视角。后者则牵涉劳动者生命周期与工作周期的适配,延迟退休本质上是解决日渐延长的个人生命周期与目前劳动周期的错配,而现行工作与生活二分的劳动制度又进一步强化了这种错配。本文将退休制度视为劳动制度的一部分,从劳动制度演化视角探寻它与现代社会相适应的基本原则,即按照劳动者生命周期对劳动者工作进行全周期规划,并提出通过加强社会统筹和社区合作的方式增加老年劳动力参与社会劳动的可能,从而对延迟退休政策的实施提供一些具有可行性的配套性社会保障措施建议。

社会支持视域下农村空巢老人精神养老问题及对策研究——以西安市Y村为例

本文选择已全面脱贫具有代表性的西安市Y村,对农村空巢老人精神养老问题及对策进行研究,遵循社会科学“理论分析—问题—原因分析—对策建议”的研究思路,在现有文献和理论的指导下,从个人、家庭、社会、政府层面了解Y村空巢老人精神养老现状,挖掘农村空巢老人精神养老存在困境及原因,运用社会支持理论针对不同主体构建完善的政策体系,为解决农村空巢老人精神养老提供有效策略。