A Study of the Impact of Personality and Social Psychology on Mental Health

With the continuous development and progress of economy,people's living standard and culture level have been improved,but with it,there are also various kinds of life stress,study stress and work stress,which make people's mental health problems in life more andmore prominent,and how to improve students'mental health level is the main task of each education stage.The current psychology discipline system has been perfected,including personality psychology and social psychology,which are effectively applied in the actual mental health education or psychological guidance work,and are key disciplines to improve people's mental health.The theoretical system of personality and social psychology consists of three theories:the theory of planned behavior,the theory of explanatory levels,and the theory of self-determination,all of which have an irreplaceable influence on mental health.In this regard,this paper combines relevant literature and work experience to study in depth the influence of personality ansocial psychology on mental health.

A Personalized Search Model Using Online Social Network Data Based on a Holonic Multiagent System

Personalized search utilizes user preferences to optimize search results,and most existing studies obtain user preferences by analyzing user behaviors in search engines that provide click-through data.However,the behavioral data are noisy because users often clicked some irrelevant documents to find their required information,and the new user cold start issue represents a serious problem,greatly reducing the performance of personalized search.This paper attempts to utilize online social network data to obtain user preferences that can be used to personalize search results,mine the knowledge of user interests,user influence and user relationships from online social networks,and use this knowledge to optimize the results returned by search engines.The proposed model is based on a holonic multiagent system that improves the adaptability and scalability of the model.The experimental results show that utilizing online social network data to implement personalized search is feasible and that online social network data are significant for personalized search.

A Comparative Study of Quality of Family, Social Relationships and Type D Personality in Cardiovascular Patients and Non-Patients

This study aims to compare the quality of family and social relationships and Type D personality in cardiovascular patients with normal people. In this research, 300 individuals (n = 150 male, 150 female) are divided in two groups of patient (n = 150) and non-patients (n = 150) were selected as samples from the author’s offices (both private and his office in Mazandaran Heart Center). They attended in this study filling the questionnaires of “Pierce Quality relations” and “Personality Inventory (DS14)”. In order to analyze data, First observations were described by the help of descriptive statistics methods including tables, graphs, and indices of central tendency and distribution. Then, observations were described by inferential statistics methods such as univariate and multivariate analysis of variance and then were analyzed by SPSS. Out of the 300 participants, 108 patients (36%) had the mean age of 52 to 63 years old and 30 patients (10%) were 30 to 40 years old. This study showed that there is a significant difference between cardiovascular patients and control group in terms of quality of family and social relationships and Type D personality (P < 0.01). Cardiovascular patients have lower quality of family and social relationships, social support, as well as lower depth of relationships, and also higher relationship conflict than normal people. Also cardiovascular patients have higher type D personality than normal people (P < 0.01). In general, research findings indicate the importance of psychological factors associated with coronary artery disease.

Social and Personal Determining Factors in the Results on Contents of Food Handlers’ Formation Plans

This study has two main objectives: on one hand, the evaluation of food items related to the food training courses in order to know which ones require better explanations from trainers and a further development and refinement by food handlers. It is also a goal of this work to appreciate the level of general knowledge of food handlers before receive any training session and then see if there was some improvement after the course. On the other hand, identifying potential social and personal factors of food handlers that influence on the results of the evaluation. To this end, two tests were performed (one before the training and at the end) and evaluated the results per modules. In general, knowledge levels both initially and after taking the course proved to be satisfactory. Personal and social factors determined better or worse scores on the basis of these.

Recommending Personalized POIs from Location Based Social Network

Location based social networks（ LBSNs） provide location specific data generated from smart phone into online social networks thus people can share their points of interest（ POIs）. POI collections are complex and can be influenced by various factors,such as user preferences,social relationships and geographical influence. Therefore,recommending new locations in LBSNs requires to take all these factors into consideration. However,one problem is how to determine optimal weights of influencing factors in an algorithm in which these factors are combined. The user similarity can be obtained from the user check-in data,or from the user friend information,or based on the different geographical influences on each user＇s check-in activities. In this paper,we propose an algorithm that calculates the user similarity based on check-in records and social relationships,using a proposed weighting function to adjust the weights of these two kinds of similarities based on the geographical distance between users. In addition,a non-parametric density estimation method is applied to predict the unique geographical influence on each user by getting the density probability plot of the distance between every pair of user＇s check-in locations. Experimental results,using foursquare datasets,have shown that comparisons between the proposed algorithm and the other five baseline recommendation algorithms in LBSNs demonstrate that our proposed algorithm is superior in accuracy and recall,furthermore solving the sparsity problem.

Sensitivity of Personal Account Accumulated Value of New Rural Social Pension Insurance to Variation of Uncertainties

The personal account of new rural social pension insurance raises funds in the form of individual premium-paying,collectively pooled subsidy and government subsidy.The personal account accumulated value has a decisive influence on the payment level of personal account pension.The personal account accumulated value has a direct or indirect relationship with the income level of farmers,premium-paying level,the insured period,investment return rate of funds and other factors.Analysing the impact of infinitesimal variation of these factors on accumulated value of personal account pension,is of great significance to improving and consolidating personal account,and achieving sustainable development of new rural social pension insurance.

Path analysis of relationship among personality, perceived stress, coping, social support, and psychological outcomes

AIM: To provide a structural model of the relationship between personality traits, perceived stress, coping strategies, social support, and psychological outcomes in the general population.METHODS: This is a cross sectional study in which the study group was selected using multistage cluster and convenience sampling among a population of 4 million. For data collection, a total of 4763 individuals were asked to complete a questionnaire on demographics, personality traits, life events, coping with stress, social support, and psychological outcomes such as anxiety and depression. To evaluate the comprehensive relation-ship between the variables, a path model was fitted.RESULTS: The standard electronic modules showed that personality traits and perceived stress are important determinants of psychological outcomes. Social support and coping strategies were demonstrated to reduce the increasing cumulative positive effects of neuroticism and perceived stress on the psychological outcomes and enhance the protective effect of extraversion through decreasing the positive effect of perceived stress on the psychological outcomes. CONCLUSION: Personal resources play an important role in reduction and prevention of anxiety and depression. In order to improve the psychological health, it is necessary to train and reinforce the adaptive coping strategies and social support, and thus, to moderate negative personality traits.

Perspectives for Sharing Personal Information on Online Social Networks

The goal of this research was to study how people feel about sharing personal information on social networks. The research was done by interviews;50 people were interviewed, mostly from China's Mainland, Hong Kong, and Finland. This paper presents the included 12 questions and discusses the collected answers. It was discovered, e.g., that 38 out of the 50 answerers use social media every day and share versatile personal information on the Internet. Half of the answerers also share information about other people on the Internet. It was also discovered that compared to male answerers, the female answerers were more active in sharing information about other people. There was a significant variety in opinions: what should be the age limit for sharing personal information online, while 22 out of the 50 answerers felt that there is no need for an age limit at all. According to the answers, only a few people use social media for making new friends. Instead, an important reason for using social media is that their existing friends are using. An interesting finding was that the answerers see the Internet as a part of the real world;the privacy that you have on the Internet is the privacy that you have in the real world.

Psychosocial and Sociodemographic Predictors of Depression among Older Persons in Jordan

The average annual growth rate for the ageing population is increasing considerably. The purpose of this study is to examine the psychosocial predictors of depression among older persons in Jordan. Methods: A quantitative approach using cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational design was used to carry out on a nationally representative, stratified multistage clustered area probability sample of non-institutionalized adults (aged ≥ 60 years). Data collected using self-report (structured format) of data collection. Data collected in regards to depression, social support, life satisfaction, and psychological distress. Results: About 55.5% of the participants have none to slight depressive symptoms, 22% of them have mild depressive symptoms, 17.3% of them have moderate depressive symptoms, and only 5.2% of them have severed depressive symptoms. Older persons have moderate levels of life satisfaction, perceived social support and psychological distress. Type of diagnosis was not a significant predictor of depressive symptoms as it was in model 1 while working status and marital status remained significant predictors. In addition, perceived social support total (β = -1.98, 0.016), psychological distress (β = 0.465, β = -0.284, <0.001) were significant predictors of depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Effective, community-level primary mental health care for older people is crucial, and its recommended to equally focus on the long-term care of older adults suffering from mental health problems, as well as to provide caregivers with education, training and support.

我国残疾人社会保障与关爱服务的系统性优化研究——以需要为本的社会政策为视角

我国残疾人社会政策进入优化发展新阶段,将系统思维贯彻至残疾人社会政策优化是现实所需。文章提出残疾人社会政策以需要为本的目标导向,聚焦社会保障制度和关爱服务体系的目标集成、政策集成,推动残疾人兜底型和发展型社会政策的效果集成,进一步提出建立健全残疾人家庭需求的多维识别和综合研判机制、持续追踪和动态预警机制,并围绕残疾人家庭的能力提升、残疾人关爱共同体建设这两个重点,来促进残疾人社会政策的协同。

社会交互成本理论与社会信用法的法理重构

社会信用体系建设探索实践面对法治拷问,社会交互成本理论对社会信用法治之路将如何前行进行了回应。该理论通过揭示和描述社会信用机制的内在规律,对我国社会信用体系建设当前实践给出了学理解读。在社会交互成本理论看来,社会信用建设现有的法治探索经验显示,社会信用法在法律的调整对象等一系列方面已然显现新的特征,以“行为本位”为前提的法理思维已经无法涵括社会信用法领域出现的新的法律现象。在依据社会交互成本理论形成的法理观念看来,社会信用法的调整对象已不只是信用行为,而是信用行为习惯及其背后的社会关系;调整手段不只是国家的强制力,而是国家强力规制与社会自我管理有机融合;调整方式不再是单纯的负面惩戒,而是以正向调整鼓励守信为主。

Experiences of Social Isolation in Older Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 and Their Close Relatives: A Qualitative Study

Background: Proximity between older patients and their close relatives is essential during hospitalisation. During the first wave of the pandemic, the Danish Patient Safety Authority restricted no hospital visitors. Aim: To explore how older patients with COVID-19 and their close relatives experienced physical separation during hospitalization. Method: A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis was employed. Findings: Six interviews were conducted: three patients with a mean age of 81 years and three close relatives—two daughters and one spouse. The patients felt boredom, loneliness, and a sense of imprisonment, yet they felt safe and satisfied. Isolation was known beforehand from the media. Close relatives emphasised that information, involvement, and collaboration with hospital staff were crucial. Conclusion: Although older patients with COVID-19 and their close relatives widely accept their situation during hospitalization, they experience negative consequences from social isolation.

数字乡村建设与农民工就业质量提升

数字乡村建设一方面通过新业态新模式创造出更多更高质量的就业岗位,另一方面通过拓宽信息渠道促进农民工人力资本和社会资本积累,增强农民工在就业市场上的竞争力和议价能力,因而可以赋能农民工高质量就业。将2018年的县域数字乡村指数数据与中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据进行匹配,从客观和主观两个维度综合评价农民工的就业质量,检验数字乡村建设对农民工就业质量的影响,结果表明:数字乡村建设显著提高了农民工就业质量,该结论在内生性处理和一系列稳健性检验中依然成立;数字乡村建设具有显著的信息改善效应,可以通过拓宽信息渠道、促进人岗匹配、增强社会信任等路径来提高农民工的就业质量;数字乡村建设对女性农民工、在婚农民工、中青年农民工、学历较高的农民工和已接入互联网的农民工具有更显著的就业质量提升作用。因此,应加快推进数字乡村建设,充分发挥其各种积极效应,并有效缩小城乡间和农村地区内部的数字鸿沟,促进数字乡村协调发展。

效力性强制性规定的规范构造:要素缺失与补正

强制性规定在司法实践中被分为效力性与管理性,这在相当程度上是为防范公法的不当干涉,实现管制与自治的平衡。该概念构造试图仅根据规范意旨将强制性规定一分为二,并对法律行为效力具有不同影响,充斥着公法管制思维,先验地肯定某一社会公共利益绝对高于所有个人利益,却忽略了社会公共利益的多元性以及最终服务于个人利益,而且个人利益也会转化为社会公共利益,应当采取违法行为效力个案具体认定的私法思路。评价法律行为效力不能完全无视私主体主观因素,法律行为无效作为私法上最严厉的惩罚,如果绝对否定主客观相一致将会过度侵犯行为自由。商事营利追求和自由主义等特性也要求对商事交易行为的无效更为慎重。应当避免将合同生效、履行这一私法逻辑推论不当套用到公法规制当中,不顾其对于私法自治干预程度的巨大差异。

考虑大五人格特质的应急救援人员派遣模型

为提高应急救援人员任务分配的科学性,针对应急救援人员性格特征对履行救援任务的关键作用,提出了考虑大五人格特质的应急救援人员派遣模型。构建应急救援人员大五人格特质与任务的匹配模型,进而描述其救援能力,运用证据理论结合最佳-最差方法(Best Worst Method,BWM)定量化地评估应急救援人员与救援任务的匹配性。以知识累积函数中的边际效用递减效应预估应急救援人员紧急培训的最佳时间。以人员与任务匹配度最大和救援人员培训和派遣时间最短建立应急救援人员派遣优化模型。通过算例验证表明,该模型能使人员与任务的匹配性达到最佳,有效提升应急救援人员的救援能力,提高应急救援的效率。

社会认同对民众税收政策偏好的影响——以个人所得税“起征点”提高为例

使用网络爬虫获取网络问题“全国人大代表XXX建议提高个税起征点至1万元,你怎么看?”的回答文本及点赞数,使用TF-IDF权值法提取文本特征词、使用LDA概率主题模型挖掘文本主题,并使用定序Logit模型和加权定序Logit模型等对相关数据实施分析,发现问题参与者的态度多为“较赞成”和“赞成”。许多无法获益或获益较少者之所以赞同这一措施,一个重要原因是提高个人所得税“起征点”这一线索激活了参与者的社会认同,其中主要是工薪阶层的社会认同,并进而引发了工薪阶层认同者和纳税人认同者的亲群体行为,使得其决策时将群体整体利益置于个体利益之上,从而背离个体收益最大化。因此,在税收政策制定过程中,应重视社会认同的影响,并采取措施对公众的社会认同进行引导。

自由自适:论孟浩然的交游诗

孟浩然是盛唐著名的山水田园诗人,一生来去城市与山水之间,虽未显达,但声名大振。他受到同时代人追捧的部分原因在于他自由的个性,而这种独特的个性又在他的诗歌书写中展露无遗。“交游诗”是孟浩然诗集中重要的题材内容,可以从他“交游诗”呈现的“自由之惑”、“自由之问”与“自由之适”,来探求他这种个性的显现。要之,孟浩然的诗歌书写时刻关注自身当下的感受,不假矫饰,更不在意奔走京城和隐居襄阳前后期的行为与意图是否一致。实际上,他的交游书写一直有着“自由之惑”和“自由之问”,但最终在心理上臻于“自由之适”的境界。同时,他的这种个性与诗风影响深远。

商会关系、声誉机制与代理成本

以中国证券市场2004—2021年A股上市公司为研究对象,研究企业家(董事长或总经理)商会关系资本与企业代理成本之间的关系,并进一步考察企业家个人声誉机制对上述关系的潜在影响。研究结果表明:企业家商会关系能够降低企业代理成本,且企业家商会任职层级越高、任职种类越多,抑制作用越显著;当企业家拥有人大代表或政协委员的政治身份以及兼任其他上市公司董事的社会身份等个人声誉时,商会关系对企业代理成本的抑制作用较弱;渠道检验发现,激励机制和监督机制是企业家商会关系作用于企业代理成本的重要渠道;进一步分析发现,企业家行业协会关系、国家及省级商会关系对代理成本的抑制作用更加明显,在非国有企业中企业家商会关系对代理成本的抑制作用更加明显。研究结论丰富和拓展了关系社会资本的微观经济后果及作用机制,为深入理解商会关系文化对微观企业决策行为的作用机制提供了初步的理论分析框架和经验证据。