Social Security Funds Clamor for Reform

This paper analyzed the institutional deficiencies inherent in China's social security system based on a dissection of various social security fund violations. It holds that the unscientific design in social security system is the root cause for social security fund violations, which is reflected in low level of social security unification, irrational investment system and legislative loopholes etc. Currently, China's social security funds are facing risks in management and in system; The key of risk control lies in the reforming of the overall framework of social security system through the following aspects: 1) readjust the unified account system structure to raise the level of unification; 2) reform funds investment system to boost ROI; 3) speeding up legislative to regulate the administrative costs and the behaviors of its entities.

The Social Security System in Reform

China,already possessing a large number of retirees,will become one of the countries with a predominant-ly aged population by the end of the century.A retirement boom is ex-pected for the year 2030,when China will have over 100 million senior citizens living on an annual pension of billions of yuan.There-fore China is working to legislate a Chinese style social insurance system by the year 2000.This system will be independent of enterprises and cov-er workers in both rural and urban areas.It will be reasonable in its.expenditures because its funding will come from a wide range of sources.It will make a balanced and rational use of these funds and will be run by a highly socialized and coordinated administration.

Research on the Socialization of Grassroots Meteorological Services in Agricultural Supply-side Structural Reform

In 2017, the No. 1 Document of the Central Committee proposed that "it is necessary to further promote agricultural supply-side structural reform, accelerate the cultivation of new kinetic energy for agricultural and rural development, and create a new situation in the construction of agricultural modernization". Under the new normal, Zhejiang s agricultural development shows new characteristics and new trends of speed change, structural optimization, and power conversion, and meteorological services for agriculture have stronger demands, higher requirements, and heavier tasks. The socialization of meteorological services is a new type of system arrangement for the provision of meteorological services, and aims to provide high-quality and efficient meteorological service products for the public and promote the equalization of basic meteorological services in urban and rural areas. In this study, through research on the socialization of grassroots meteorological services in a new situation, a new way of the government to provide public weather services is proposed, and a mechanism of the government to purchase public meteorological services is established;social resources and forces are organized and guided to develop the innovation system and mechanism of public weather services, and social resources are fully mobilized to meet the demand for meteorological services in the process of agricultural supply-side structural reform.

Social Security Internationalization During China's Reform and Opening Up from 1978 to 2018——Viewed from the Paradigm of a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind

China's reform and opening-up policy,launched in 1978,marks the start of the internationalization process of its social security system.This paper takes the notion of "a community with a shared future" as the perspective to analyze the internationalization of social security in the process of China's reform and opening up.Based on China's developments in globalization,it divides the internationalization process of China's social security from 1978 to 2018 into three stages: the stage of reshaping the domestic social security system with reference to the best international practice; the stage of achieving bilateral or multilateral alignment on the premise of equality and mutual benefit,and the stage of injecting Chinese wisdom in social security into the development of global social security.The trajectory of the development of China's social security internationalization shows the incremental evolution within the country,between nations,and in the world community.This paper studies the internationalization process to show China's grand achievements in the four decades of reform and opening-up and to demonstrate Chinese wisdom and confidence.

党的自我革命引领社会革命的成就、经验与启示

勇于自我革命,是中国共产党最鲜明的品格,是中国共产党最大的优势,也是中国共产党区别于其他政党最显著的标志。中国共产党在自我革命过程中带领全国各族人民取得了新民主主义革命、社会主义革命和建设、改革开放和社会主义现代化建设、新时代中国特色社会主义的伟大成就,取得许多宝贵经验:坚持党的集中统一领导是党的自我革命引领社会革命的根本保证,坚守初心使命是党的自我革命引领社会革命的根本动力,坚持人民至上是党的自我革命引领社会革命的根本立场,坚持问题导向是党的自我革命引领社会革命的根本方法。新时代新征程中,中国共产党要通过自我革命对社会革命发挥思想引领、政治引领、制度引领、组织引领的作用。

从“氏族之人”到“编户齐民”——试论先秦时期社会成员身份的变迁

夏商西周时期,社会上几乎所有的人都生活于“族”之中。这些族,夏商时期称为“氏族”,西周时期则多称为“宗族”。春秋战国时期,虽然“人”“民”多混用无别,但两者的使用却出现了有所侧重的情况。“民”能够以地域为称,但并不以族为称,它所表现的是社会成员的地域特征,而“人”则可以表现其作为某族的血缘关系特征。社会成员间血缘关系的影响在削弱,而国家地域关系的影响在增强。社会成员身份的巨大变化是由氏族(宗族)之人,变成了国家控制下的编户齐民。“编户齐民”肇端于战国时期诸国授田制度的实施,到秦代则成为国家控制天下民众的最主要的制度。这种居民身份的变化深刻地影响着古代中国的历史发展。

全民基本收入:社会保障的第三种模式?

智能化、数字化、信息化的迅猛发展对传统就业模式形成巨大冲击,以正规就业为基础的传统社会保障模式面临巨大挑战,“全民基本收入”这一古老思想重新焕发活力,并日益成为一种世界性运动。本文从社会政策发展的历史脉络切入,把全民基本收入置于社会保障制度演变的历史情景中,通过比较基本收入与社会救助和社会保险这两大主流社会保障模式的关系,探讨全民基本收入能否成为继社会救助和社会保险之后的第三种社会保障模式。

社会创新视野下的产品设计课程革新与实践

产品设计课程成果的落地情况始终是衡量课程质量的重要标准,融合了国内外社会创新设计的研究进展,将具有现实价值和实效性的课题引入课程,以推动产品设计课程革新,并将基础知识及前沿技能孵化并运用。这一思路与设计教育探讨的“产-教-研”模式相吻合,围绕社会设计课题展开课程实践的创新与探索,可以有效促进人才培养与社会供求之间的契合度。此外,在课程实践中不断总结社会创新设计的方法和经验,从历史的延续和未来的展望多维度地改革教学定位,这将为学生创新设计与企业项目深度融合提供机遇。

The Participation of Social Organizations and the Reform of the People's Assessor System

In the process of transition from the rural China to modern society,the people's assessor system mainly reflects the citizens' individual participation.However,organized judicial participation has not been paid enough attention in either institutional design or in the actual operation.Judicial participation of social organizations has important significance not only in highlighting the value of people's assessor system,but also in getting out of the "presenting without substantive hearing"predicament in practice.Therefore,the people's court shall guide the orderly participation of social organizations in justice,and make social organizations play a more important role in people's assessor system.

职业教育评价的制度嵌入和改革进路

教育评价是在社会场域中生成和发展的,是一种社会嵌入的存在,具有制度层面的独立性。作为一种协调机制或资源分配制度,职业教育评价受到由技能提供主体、技能学习主体和技能使用主体构成的社会场域的影响。这三大主体的相互作用,演化出了三个影响职业教育评价的关键变量:产业模式、教育制度和生涯发展制度。目前职业教育评价领域出现的各类问题,主要体现在这三个变量间的制度失配所导致的升学评价与就业评价的矛盾、评价内容与能力表现的脱节、企业评价与学校评价的失调。未来职业教育评价改革,应基于省域职教高考制度的建设,强化职业教育评价的信号功能和价值引导功能;基于大数据和人工智能技术,开发服务个体发展和大规模选拔的评价工具;基于专业层面制度化的能力分析,构建评价内容的来源和校企协作评价的依据。

在老龄社会视域下推进全面的适老化治理

人口负增长与深度老龄化交叠并相互强化将贯穿于整个21世纪,深度老龄社会成为中国基本社会形态。既有的经济社会体系越来越难以适应老龄社会,迫切需要一场多维度、深层次、长时期和全面性的适老化治理。与世界老龄社会先行国家相比,中国式现代化的适老化治理面临老年人口规模巨大、劳动力老化和人力资源不适配等人口基础挑战;制度建设、政策制定、实践资金支持等社会架构挑战;高龄老人养老、数字社会治理、人工智能伦理等风险防范挑战。适老化改革亟需树立老龄社会主流化理念,将适老化治理融入国家战略体系框架,从思想适老化、兼顾硬件和软件改造、推动覆盖全域等层面全面推进治理体系和治理能力现代化。

党的自我革命的源流考释、实践要求与着力点

如何成功跳出治乱兴衰的历史周期率,是摆在全党同志面前的一个战略性问题。新时代以来,在全面从严治党理论与实践探索中,我们党不断深化对自我革命的认识,积累了丰富的实践经验,提出了在深入推进党的自我革命实践中需要把握好的九个问题,集中体现了党坚持真理、修正错误的历史主动和历史自觉。新征程上,要坚持在自我净化中清除病毒,在自我完善中健全机制,在自我革新中营造生态,在自我提高中增长才干,把我们党锻造成一块攻无不克、战无不胜的坚硬钢铁。

面向新医科的临床微生物学检验课程改革与实践

采用跨学院合作培养模式,将《疾病学基础·医学微生物学》《临床微生物学检验》教材中的病原体相关检测技术部分教案进行整合,引入校企联合教学模式,开发与时俱进的系统性临床微生物学检验课程,结合“全健康”理念,发挥学科特色组织社会实践活动,将立德树人的目标贯穿于教育全过程中,培养面向新医科和时代需要的医学技术创新人才。

全面深化改革与新型社会关系的发展

全面深化改革与新型社会关系的发展之间关联紧密,理解这一关联性的前提在于准确把握新型社会关系的独特时空内涵。不同于西方现代化语境中传统社会关系呈现的同质性时间与占有性空间的内涵,新型社会关系具有符合中国式现代化要求的差异性与交互性的时空内涵。随着中国式现代化的深入推进,新型社会关系也在不断革新自身的发展目标。在以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的关键时期,新型社会关系的发展目标应该与人类命运共同体的构建、新质生产力的发展以及人民至上的立场相适应。依据目标导向和问题导向相结合原则,新型社会关系在当前阶段的发展目标与全面深化改革需要解决的问题具有一致性,即将新型社会关系进一步提升至符合当前阶段推进中国式现代化所需的社会关系形态。全面深化改革是发展新型社会关系的实践路径,新型社会关系的发展同时也构成全面深化改革的重要内容。在全面深化改革中发展新型社会关系,既要从整体高度把握系统部署的总体思路,也要从具体层面以全面深化改革的三重指向实现新型社会关系的发展目标,充分彰显中国共产党人以进一步全面深化改革推进中国式现代化的坚定决心和实践魄力。

混合所有制改革与民营经济高质量发展——基于企业ESG表现视角的研究

以2013—2021年沪深A股上市公司为研究样本,实证检验了国有资本参股对民营企业ESG表现的影响。研究发现,国有资本参股程度越高,民营企业ESG的表现越好。机制检验表明,国有资本参股通过提高环保补助、强化社会责任信息披露质量和降低第二类代理成本提高民营企业的ESG表现。此外,国家股参股和国有股权参与度高的企业中,国有资本参股对民营企业ESG表现的促进作用更为显著。分项检验发现,国有资本参股主要通过提高社会和治理维度来提高民营企业的ESG表现,而国有资本参股对环境表现的提高作用存在环境治理和压力的差异性。