Social Determinants of Health Behaviors in Primary School Children：A Cross-sectional Study of both Migrant and Resident Children in Beijing,China

Childhood risky behaviors always result in adverse health outcomes. These behaviors are greatly affected by social environment and individual factors. However, few studies explored the social determinants of schoolchildren＇s health behaviors. In this cross-sectional study, the social determinants of health behaviors were examined among both migrant and resident students in Beijing, China. Data of 967 children from six urban and suburban primary schools were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that less than 60% of children performed some healthy behaviors, although their health knowledge was generally good. Children＇s health behavior scores were greatly determined by school characteristics, health knowledge, demographic characteristics, and family context. Therefore, improving health education and conditions in primary schools is the priority to promote children＇s healthy behaviors, especially for disadvantaged children.

New Interpretation of Postmodern Cultural School on Women＇s Social Status

Postmodern cultural school makes a deep exploration of women's social roles and values from the perspective of human beings' social naturalness,culture and social function,conducts deep introspection on women's social status from both macro and micro levels and carries out a brand newinterpretation of the impetus effect of critical thinking on women's social development. Postmodern cultural school overthrows the definitions and viewpoints expressed in traditional social constructivism and power theory by other cultural schools,explaining objectively the measuring standards of women's social status and refuting male chauvinism,thus promoting newattention to be paid to women's equality in social status.

Increase in Salivary Alpha-Amylase Levels among Non-Attending Junior High School Students Diagnosed with Social Anxiety Disorder

Purpose: Several studies have demonstrated that the measurement of salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) levels is a useful tool for evaluating the autonomic nervous system. Psychosocial stress increases the release of sAA as a useful marker for autonomic nervous system (ANS). To our knowledge, although some studies have evaluated sAA levels under psychosocial stress, no studies have investigated the changes in sAA activity that occur in junior high school students who are not attending school due to social anxiety disorder (SAD). We aimed to investigate the relationship between the sAA levels and psychiatric states of such patients. Methods: The study subjects consisted of SAD patients (n = 39) and healthy controls (n = 57). We used a portable hand-held monitor to measure the level of sAA and State-Trait Anxiety Index (STAI) to evaluate the psychiatric state. Results: The patients’ sAA activity was significantly higher than that of the controls (n = 57) (p < 0.001). Significant differences in heart rate (HR) (76.10 ± 11.96 vs. 68.69 ± 10.61, respectively, p < 0.01) and STAI scores (both the STAI-State and STAI-Trait scores) (49.35 ± 10.57 vs. 41.24 ± 8.59, respectively, p < 0.01;55.69 ± 10.44 vs. 45.61 ± 9.36, respectively, p < 0.001) were detected between the patients and healthy controls. Conclusions: These results indicated that junior high school students with SAD exhibit a higher state of anxiety and high autonomic activity, probably due to changes in the sympathetic nervous system. As a result, junior high school students with SAD are expected to exhibit high levels of sAA accompanied by anxiety symptoms.

Determinants of Sexual Awareness among High School Students in Tokyo, Japan―Post-Interventional Comparison Analysis in Relation to Social Capital

Purpose: This study was to clarify the association of sexual awareness of high school students with cognitive social capital (SC) in Tokyo, Japan. Method: In September 2017, we conducted a survey of 1073 third-grade high school students who were the same students who had participated in the same questionnaire survey at the prior academic year when they were second-grade students. A total of 1073 students were surveyed and 956 students responded. From six to eight weeks prior to this September 2017 survey, we implemented an educational intervention in the students. Then we compared the results of this survey with the previous survey of February 2017. We used logistic regression to assess sexual awareness and sex knowledge, sexually experienced surrounding peers and Self-Esteem score. The study was approved by the Ethical Review Board. Result/Discussion: Sexual awareness of high school students was significantly associated with SC both before and after the intervention. The higher SC one had, the higher sexual awareness was shown and the greater the sexual caution among both boys and girls was indicated. The study clarified the Determinants of Sexual Awareness of High School Students in Tokyo before and after the educational intervention. Conclusion: SC was found to be significantly associated with sexual awareness. SC should be emphasized in promoting adolescent reproductive health for the future.

Determinants of Sexual Awareness among High School Students in Tokyo, Japan—Cross Sectional Analysis in Relation to Social Capital

Purpose: The study aimed to clarify the relationship between cognitive social capital and sexual awareness in high school students in Tokyo, Japan. Method: The self-administered questionnaire survey was administered to 1073 high school junior students in Tokyo in Feb. 2017 (collection rate 94.5%). Final analysis subjects totaled 1011 boys and girls (94.2%). True/false questions on timing to wear condom for sex knowledge, acceptability to sexual behavior of high school students for sexual awareness, sense of community belonging for social capital, existence of sexually experienced peers, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale score (binarized with the mean value) were verified. Multiple logistic regression analysis assigning sexual awareness for dependent variable and sex knowledge, sexually experienced peers and Self-Esteem score for independent variable [model 1], including social capital for independent variable [model 2] was performed. The study was approved by Ethical Review Board of sub-organ. Results and Discussion: Out of subjects, 52.6% answered correctly questions on sex knowledge, 33.2% showed tolerance to sexual behavior of high school students, 68.6% had many peers with sex experience, and 75.9% had a sense of community belonging. In model 1, in both genders, having sex knowledge, high Self-Esteem score, and existence of sexually experienced peers was associated with a sense of intolerance to sexual behavior of high school students. In model 2, in both genders, having a sense of community belonging was associated with a sense of intolerance to sexual behavior of high school students [OR (95% CI): boy 1.11 (0.81 - 1.53), girl 1.14 (0.72 - 1.79)]. Persons with high cognitive social capital were likely to have a cautious sense toward sexual behavior. Conclusion: Cognitive social capital was found to be associated with sexual awareness. Cognitive social capital should be emphasized in promoting adolescent reproductive health for the future.

The Cross Sectional Study on the Association between Sexual Awareness and Cognitive Social Capital among High School Students in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Purpose: We aimed to reveal the association between cognitive social capital and sexual awareness among high school students in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, where adolescent premarital sex is considered to be wide-spreading as consequence of socioeconomic changes, in comparison to our previous study in Hanoi, 2012. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire-based survey and a cross sectional study in late 2014, with 2051 eleventh graders at three high schools in Ho Chi Minh City. Complete data was received from 1935 respondents (94.3%). We assessed basic attributes, sexual knowledge, sexual awareness, sexual experience of peers, cognitive social capital such as a sense of community belonging, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem score. After the independent t-test and multiple logistic regression analyses on sexual awareness were performed assigning trivalent Rosenberg Self-Esteem score, sexual knowledge, and sexual experience of peers as independent variables (model 1), followed by analysis adjusted for cognitive social capital (model 2). This study was approved by Japanese Red Cross Akita College of Nursing (No. 24-003). Results: Of 1935 respondents, 99.9% were 16 or 17 years old and mostly from nuclear families (71.1%). Of all participants, 45.8% in males and 49.4% in females correctly answered on sexual knowledge, 47.6% of males and 28.3% of females accepted premarital sex, 60.0% of male and 65.0% of females knew peers with sexual intercourse experience, and 78.1% of males and 79.1% of females agreed with a sense of community belonging. When multiple logistic regression analyses performed, in model 1, sexual awareness was significantly associated with Rosenberg Self-Esteem score in female. In model 2, above association disappeared but significant association was found between sexual awareness and cognitive social capital in both sexes OR (95% CI), male 1.39 (1.05 - 1.84), female 1.99 (1.49 - 2.65). Discussion: The conservative traditional culture in both Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City seems to be similar to the concept of cognitive social capital and it is considered to have influenced sexual awareness of high school students in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Conclusion: Cognitive social capital is significantly associated with sexual awareness among high school students in urban areas of Vietnam.

公共教育与人民公社时期农村集体办学的实践路径--基于“十女办学”者的口述历史分析

现代化需要最基本的社会动员,而办学和普及教育是农村社会动员最重要的途径。依据20世纪60年代西南农村妇女办学的口述资料,考察人民公社时期集体办学状况,展现农村集体时代民办女教师的来源、社会功能、生活保障和教育教学实践样态。“教育翻身”的新社会新国家情怀是青年妇女献身艰苦教育岗位的内在动力;“两条腿走路”的公共教育办学方针、地方干部深入基层和大胆实践的精神,促成了女青年上山办学和志愿从教;她们在农村集体组织中,结合农村生产生活特点办起了灵活有效的“耕读学校”;“民办教师”的社会主义集体认同,激发了她们前所未有的办学活力,村庄和学校都是女教师们的社会舞台;她们是我国农村集体化时代社会主义现代教育的探索者。面对当前乡村建制化学校和教师队伍疏离乡村等问题,公共教育必须依托农村新生的集体力量,通过激发乡村教育和妇女社会活力,促进劳动合作、集体生活、学校与社区融合,新时期乡村振兴才能得以生根,社会主义公共教育活力才能得以复苏。

听障大学生社会适应状况调查研究

为了解听障大学生社会适应水平及影响因素,采用《中国大学生适应量表》对171名听障大学生的社会适应状况进行调查。听障大学生社会适应总体与各维度的得分表明其适应水平较好,社会适应水平各维度由高到低依次为校园生活适应、情绪适应、学习适应、满意度、人际关系适应、自我适应、择业适应。听障大学生的总体社会适应水平显著高于全国大学生常模,与北京化工大学常模没有显著差异;人际关系适应、校园生活适应、择业适应和自我适应显著低于北京化工大学常模;耳聋时间对听障大学生的社会适应有重要影响;父母听力状况、父母婚姻状况和家庭收入状况对满意度有影响。学校教育应基于以上结果有针对性地改善听障大学生的社会适应状况。

认知行为疗法对学龄期注意缺陷多动障碍患儿干预效果分析

目的探讨认知行为疗法(CBT)对学龄期注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)患儿的干预效果。方法将72例学龄期ADHD患儿按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各36例。对照组患儿给予药物治疗、常规护理及心理干预,观察组患儿在对照组基础上给予CBT干预。在干预前后应用儿童社交焦虑量表(SASC)、中文版SNAP-IV量表、社交反应量表(SRS)进行效果评价。结果干预后,两组患儿SASC和SRS评分均较干预前降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.01);观察组患儿SNAP-IV评分较干预前降低,且低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论CBT可缓解ADHD患儿社交焦虑程度和核心症状,提高社交能力,可为临床干预提供借鉴价值。

罗切斯特社区中心与学校社会功能的拓展

20世纪初,罗切斯特社区中心开拓了一种新型的人际交往方式,使公立学校成为不同文化背景群体的交流阵地。罗切斯特社区中心是社区中心运动的先导,它充分利用现有学校建筑,推动了移民美国化进程。国内少有学者对该中心进行个案研究,美国学者虽有涉及该中心的研究,但很少有学者关注该中心在拓展学校社会功能,促使学校转型方面的贡献。本文在现有史料的基础上,以个案研究的形式,结合罗切斯特社区中心的发展过程,探究社区中心对公立学校发展产生的影响。研究认为,学校作为社区中心拓展了学校的社会功能,使得学校与社会的联系更加紧密,重塑了学校形象。

社会体育服务进学校的治理协同度评价指标体系构建研究

社会体育服务进学校是未来学校体育发展的重要方向,协同治理理念能够有效应对社会体育服务进学校过程中的治理难题。为科学评估社会体育服务进学校的协同治理,本文以SFIC模型为依据,采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等研究方法,构建了包含治理主体参与度、治理主体共识度、治理主体成就度、治理主体共享度、治理主体信任度与关系持续度等5个维度、14个二级指标、49个三级指标的社会体育服务进学校的治理协同度评价指标体系。

社会互赖理论视域下中国特色学徒制校企共同体构建

构建校企共同体是中国特色学徒制在全新场域下高质量发展的基本要求。基于社会互赖理论视角研究发现校企共同体构建存在人才培养目标剥离、合作育人难以落实、质量标准体系缺失、评价管理制度滞后等问题,主要原因是制度供给不够完善、利益补偿机制缺位。基于以上分析,未来学徒制可从构建职业院校与企业目标互赖、合作互赖、标准互赖、评价互赖四位一体的实践路径,为校企一体化建设提供发展指南。

医学院校医务社会工作专业学生实习困境与对策研究——以内蒙古为例

医务社会工作专业学生的培养离不开高质量的专业实习。医学院校医务社会工作专业可以依托丰富的医学教育资源和众多的医院实习基地进行课程设置和专业实践。文章通过质性访谈和文本分析发现,医学院校因社会工作专业办学经验不足,学科地位相对弱势,在学校实习规划、实习体系建设、医院实习接受、学生实习感知等方面存在诸多困境,提出要通过跨越多重边界为医务社会工作专业赋权、不断健全和细化专业实习的管理和教育体系、基于沟通协商的医务社会工作联合督导模式来构建内蒙古医务社会工作专业实习体系的发展策略,为培养适应内蒙古地区发展的高质量医务社会工作专业人才提供借鉴和思考。

西部欠发达地区学校社会工作的实践困境与突破策略

学校社会工作是社会工作的重要实务领域之一,我国西部欠发达地区正积极推动社会工作进入学校场域,如何充分发挥学校社会工作的专业力量是一个值得关注的议题。文章通过观察云南省L学校的专业实践,基于社会工作系统视角,分析学校社会工作在开展过程中所面临的改变媒介系统、服务对象系统、目标系统以及行动系统的实践困境,进而探讨学校社会工作专业实践的突破策略。研究发现,受到社会工作人才稀缺、社会工作认知度低、社会工作发展环境条件有限、社会工作与学校内部理念差异大等因素的影响,学校社会工作在西部欠发达地区的开展面临较大挑战。基于此,可以采取为上述四个基本社会工作系统增能的方式,从重视当地人才队伍的培育、提高社会工作认知度、改善社会工作发展环境、输入社会工作价值理念等方面入手突破困境,推动学校社会工作在西部欠发达地区落地与发展。

中学历史教育研究2023年度报告——基于2023年《复印报刊资料·中学历史、地理教与学》转载历史教育论文的分析

2023年度《复印报刊资料·中学历史、地理教与学》转载发表的中学历史教育类成果,集中反映了年度研究基本概况:历史课程功能研究具体化、历史教学理论研究实践化、历史教学改革研究综合化、历史教科书及其运用研究融通化、历史学科试题及命制研究素养化、历史课程核心素养研究过程化、历史教育国际比较研究价值化、历史教师职业素养研究需要强化。面对未来挑战,历史教育理论、课程改革、历史学习、教师教育研究需要深化。

国外公共图书馆家庭作业辅导服务调研及其启示

文章采用网络调研法,选取国外26家公共图书馆作为调研对象,从服务主体、服务内容、服务对象、服务方式、服务资源5个方面调查国外公共图书馆家庭作业辅导服务现状,梳理其主要特点,从建立广泛的对外合作关系、构建家庭作业分级辅导服务体系、增强服务主体的主动服务意识、推动“空间转向”下的服务方式与服务资源升级方面提出推进我国公共图书馆家庭作业辅导服务发展的策略。

家校社协同育人视角下社会教育的价值意蕴、现实困境与行动路径

以构建家校社协同育人体系为旨归发展社会教育,不仅有利于落实立德树人的根本任务,彰显协同育人实践中的“社会教育力”,而且还有利于促进协同教育资源的均衡、流动与共享,发挥终身教育理念引领人的可持续全面发展的作用。当前,我国社会教育的发展亟须解决以下问题:社会教育的概念与定位不准确,社会教育的参与主体不够多元,社会教育管理的行政性与专业性失调,社会教育资源分配不均、整合不足。为发挥家校社协同育人体系中社会教育功能的最大化效益,需要廓清社会教育的基本概念和定位,激发多主体开展社会教育的动机与活力,从社会互构论出发实现社会教育的正向谐变,并以数字化技术驱动社会教育资源的流通与共享。

思想政治教育家校社一体化建设策略研究

在当前复杂的社会背景下,如何把社会主义核心价值观念融入到思想政治理论课的各个科目之中,是新时代教育教学改革的一个重要方面。家庭教育中,家长的言行居住、待人接物是思想政治的启蒙教育。高等教育中,思想政治教育有计划、有步骤地在全部学业过程中开展。社会教育作为人类社会化的补充与扩展,是人类思想政治教育社会化成功的关键所在。要想优化思想政治教育的环境,有效地提高思想政治教育的实效性,就必须不断地加强家庭教育、学校教育和社会教育的配合,保证三者实现优势互补。

“双减”背景下社会培训机构参与学校课后体育服务的组态分析

探索社会培训机构参与学校体育课后服务成功与否的影响因素是贯彻落实双减政策的重要保障。通过文献梳理,笔者从“政府—学校—社会培训机构”三个层面提炼出6个前因变量;并运用模糊集定性比较分析方法,以S市20所小学为案例样本进行分析,研究了影响参与服务的组态路径。研究发现:(1)安全保障主导的路径是影响参与服务的核心因素,具有较高的解释性和覆盖度,且对影响参与服务具有较大的单边效应;(2)认知态度主导的路径是影响参与服务的关键因素,相比安全保障主导的路径其更依赖于其他要素的组合;(3)资源供给主导的路径是影响参与服务的基础因素,往往伴随着认知态度变量的存在而影响参与服务。