Optimal social welfare:A many-to-many data transaction mechanism based on double auctions

With the development of Big Data and the Internet of Things(IoT),the data value is more significant in both academia and industry.Trading can achieve maximal data value and prepare data for smart city services.Due to data's unique characteristics,such as dispersion,heterogeneity and distributed storage,an unbiased platform is necessary for the data trading market with rational trading entities.Meanwhile,there are multiple buyers and sellers in a practical data trading market,and this makes it challenging to maximize social welfare.To solve these problems,this paper proposes a Social-Welfare-Oriented Many-to-Many Trading Mechanism(SOMTM),which integrates three entities,a trading process and an algorithm named Many-to-Many Trading Algorithm(MMTA).Based on the market scale,market dominated-side and market fixed-side,simulations verify the convergency,economic properties and efficiency of SOMTM.

Empirical analysis of carbon tariff's effect on the export structure of China's manufacturing industry and social welfare based on the GTAP model

In recent years,carbon emissions have gradually evolved from an environment issue into a political and economic one.Carbon tariff has brought about new trade barriers of developed countries,and in order to enhance the industrial competitiveness of developed countries,it will produce unfavorable impact on developing countries.Concentrated on the manufacturing industry,which is the most intensive high-carbon industry in China's export structure,this article studies the relationship between carbon tariff policy and industry structure of export trade and builds up a relation between climate change and international trade.First,by means of establishing a partial equilibrium model,it applies geometric analysis and mathematical analysis to compute the impact on China's manufacturing export trade and the consequences of the introduction of the US carbon tariff to China's manufacturing industry that has already imposed a domestic shipping carbon tax.Furthermore,with the application of the GTAP model,it estimates the overall economic and welfare effects on China's manufacturing industry if the US and Europe introduce carbon tariff by means of four ways,and then analyzes the influence on China's manufacturing industry export structure and social welfare as well.The result shows that the introduction of the US carbon import tariff lowers China's export price and export volume,and the implementation of a domestic carbon tax justifies a higher export price and a lower export volume for China.However,the degree of export reduction is smaller than that under the effect of the US carbon tariff.In the case of developed countries imposing carbon tariff on China's energy-intensive industries,such as chemical rubber products,oil and coal-processing industry and paper industry,whose export would be reduced,the negative impact on the paper industry is the severest,which will decrease the paper industry's export ranging from 1.79%to 6.05%,whereas the other industries' export will increase.Anyhow,it will promote China's manufacturing industry to adjust the export structure to a certain extent.In addition,it will lead to a decrease in China's welfare,with a decrease between $2,134 billion and $8,347 billion.Finally,this paper provides information on international coordination,export structure adjustment and green manufacturing adjustment as a reference for the development of China's manufacturing industry.

Social Marketing:An Advocacy Empirical Analysis of Service Objects of Public Welfare Organizations

The ultimate goal of social marketing is to change the behavior,attitude,concept,and so on of target audiences.For the public welfare organization,the basis of its service project design is the organization's mission and location.The key to achieve the organizational mission is to be able to lock the service objects and respond to the needs of service objects effectively.This research is based on the theoretical framework of social marketing and based on the questionnaire survey and analysis of the advocacy effectiveness and problems of service objects of the 327 public service organizations in China.Using the Delphi method and the entropy method,the 6P model of social marketing for service objects advocacy in the field of domestic public welfare practice is concise,and a new operational mechanism for service objects advocacy of public welfare organizations is proposed to implement the mission and value of public welfare organizations and contribute to the change of service objects.

Multi-objective Programming and Social Welfare Analysis of Rural–urban Land Conversion Decision-making

Rural-urban land conversion is an inevitable phenomenon in urbanization arid industrialization. And the decision-making issue about this conversion is multi-objective because the social decision maker （the whole of central government and local authority） has to integrate the requirements of different interest groups （rural collective economic organizations, peasants, urban land users and the ones affected indirectly） and harmonize the sub-objects （economic, social and ecological outcomes） of this land allocation process. This paper established a multi-objective programming model for rural-urban land conversion decision-making and made some social welfare analysis correspondingly. Result shows that the general object of rural-urban land conversion decision-making is to reach the optimal level of social welfare in a certain state of resources allocation, while the preference of social decision makers and the value judgment of interest groups are two crucial factors which determine the realization of the rural-urban land conversion decision-making objects.

The social welfare effect of forest certification under environmental spillovers

Forest certification has positive environmental spillovers.Considering environmental spillovers,this study ana‐lyzed the social welfare effects of forest certification using partial and general equilibrium methods.The re‐sults of the partial equilibrium analysis showed that social welfare in producing countries tended to increase under the market expansion of certified forest products.The general equilibrium analysis results indicated that,in autarky,or economic independence,the production amount of certified forest products could increase.If conventional forest products are imported and certified forest products are exported,then the level of utility in free trade condition is greater than that in autarky.If conventional forest products are exported and certi‐fied forest products are imported,then the price of imported products must be compared with the price of the autarky domestic market to determine the utility level of free trade and autarky.If the price of certified prod‐ucts is less than the price at the time of autarky,then the total utility level increases;otherwise,it decreases.The social welfare effect of forest certification can be increased through expanding the market demand of cer‐tified products and giving these products subsidies in production and price incentives in importing.

Social Welfare Transformation and Community Governance Model for the Aging Generation:Rural Community Care in Chiayi County as a Case Study

Over the past two decades,Taiwan’s welfare policies for the elderly have prepared for the arrival of an aged society with the aim of facilitating aging in place(AIP).The Long-Term Care Services Act passed by the Legislative Yuan in 2015 set regulations for long-term care personnel,thereby improving the welfare system for the elderly.The government’s AIP policies focus on providing welfare institutions or service units and do not sufficiently explore key factors such as the relationship between care services and community governance models.Since the basic focus of elderly welfare policies is AIP,it is important to actively empower grassroots community organizations and consider the elderly as important subjects of community participation.AIP policies emphasize providing long-term care and nurturing the elderly until death;such policies will be more proactive and innovative if coproduction is incorporated.This study briefly discusses theories related to coproduction using the case study of Chiayi County’s Dingcaiyian Community Development Association,which links six communities in remote rural villages and establishes a community care network based on the coproduction concept.Follow-up issues related to community care are considered and potential practices and ideas to guide social welfare transformation and community governance in the future are discussed.

Social Work and Social Welfare from a Multidisciplinary Perspective -- A Challenge for Researchers

In 2008, a deep economic crisis started in the US and rapidly spread around the world. The financial and economic crisis, called “The Great Recession”, continues in many countries today and has been considered as the most severe recession in the history of US (after “The Great Depression”). The crisis brought very fast growth in unemployment and it is foreseeable that it will be long lasting and that recovery will be very slow. Hence, such economic change obviously had a significant impact on workers worldwide.

Notions of Free Market and Social Welfare in Islamic Economics

Trading and business in Islam has been identified as the second best profession after agriculture and Prophet Muhammad （PBUH） himself has been engaged in trading. The Islamic theory of market aims to provide optimization of returns and satisfaction for all stakeholders. It also seeks to make ＂free market＂ an instrument of promoting equity and social justice for the welfare of society. It combines tenants from the free market model as well as those in command market economy. Islamic economics identifies certain functional parameters for the efficient functioning of the market to achieve the optimization of returns and social welfare like absence of middle men, prohibition of hoarding, mode of finance free from interest and usury, taxation and other wealth redistribution instruments like Zakat and Khums, asset-based and risk-sharing partnerships and stakes, etc.. It essentially creates conditions for proper functioning of a competitive market as an instrument of economic progress and social equity. In Islamic economics, the role accorded to the state is to ensure that institutions are set up and vigilance officers are appointed which create the specified condition for the proper and fair functioning of the market and hence preventing what is identified as ＂market failure＂. The role of the state is to improve the functioning of the market as opposed to that of systematic intervention. This paper tries to examine the Islamic notions of ＂free market＂ in the traditional sources like Qur＇an, Hadees, the early texts of Islamic Jurisprudence, and contemporary writings on Islamic economic system and to make a comparative analysis with theories of market in capitalist and socialist frameworks. The paper will examine the extent to which Islamic notions of free market offer an alternative model to resolve the problems of growth, inequity, and risk management.

Research on features and questions of Korean social welfare model

In the second half of the 1990s, South Korea has undergone dramatic changes called fetal movement of welfare state. However, after the foreign exchange crisis, members of the South Korean society are faced with unstable employment and income instability, where the degree of risk of unemployment is higher than ever before. Deepening of globalization has a complex influence on social welfare development. Despite social welfare developing, the reasons of income inequality and more serious poverty are diverse. Developmentalism strategy since the 1960s in Korea has obvious limitations, which cannot continue to play an effective function according to changing internal and external conditions. In order to get rid of this situation, it should create a virtuous cycle of welfare and growth, and materialize the development strategy of the social welfare in the macro-economic and social development stratezv.

Changes in social welfare party leadership since the reform and opening up

The planned economy period after the founding of New China, there are a number of defects caused by the social welfare system of the country arranged the comprehensive safeguards, cannot meet the needs of the members of the community welfare. Since the reform and opening up, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, China＇s social welfare undertakings made progress in the reform, old-age benefits, disability benefits, women＇s welfare, child welfare and so on can be further developed. In aging relatively serious today, social pension needs of rapid growth, the urgent need to support the people＇s participation and social forces, to promote the socialization of social welfare, accelerate the development of social welfare, the early establishment of an appropriate type social welfare undertakings Pratt ＆ Whitney.

Analysis of Intermediate Product Price and Social Welfare in the Vertical Merger of Enterprises

According to the different products that two upper enterprises produce, this paper analyzes the transfer pricing of intermediate product and the effect of social welfare of vertical merger under imperfect competition market. The conclusions are: the transfer pricing of intermediate product is equal to marginal cost; the perfect outputs that upper enterprises sell to the market before and after the vertical merger of enterprises are the same; the product price in the integrated enterprises may be higher, lower or equal to the price in non-integrated enterprises.

中国安宁疗护服务体系历史发展、制度化困境与国家政策框架

从现代社会福利制度化建设角度看,中国社会福利服务体系尤其是儿童与老人安宁疗护服务发展缓慢。中国现代安宁疗护服务制度建设的政策框架是“以医院为基础,以社区为中心,以居家为补充”;战略是现代社会主义福利国家制度建设;策略是正式社区照顾服务、健康照顾服务与社会照顾服务体系一体化;路径是解放思想,更新价值观念,明确国家主体福利责任,完善社会福利服务财政制度,加快专门立法,发挥专业社会工作作用等。现代社会福利制度建设是国家、社会现代化的主体与主题。现代社会福利制度质量状况既决定社会政策与全民社会生活质量,又决定生命与死亡质量,其核心是国家权力与公民权利、国家责任与公民义务、个人福利与社会福利责任的社会划分,其实质是全民美好生活需要满足与国家治理制度现代化,其目标是中华民族伟大复兴和中国现代社会主义美好社会。

中国社会政策与社会福利法制70年历史轨迹、制度特征和基本经验

1949年以来,我国经历了国家职能的历史性转变,社会政策与社会福利制度发展亦呈现鲜明的阶段性特征。2021年我国全面建成小康社会,消除了绝对贫困,标志着我国现代社会福利制度建设进入了新阶段。本文以社会政策与社会立法为切入点,选择现代、广义社会福利理论视角,将社会政策与社会福利法制建设划分为六个主要阶段,概括社会福利政策与社会福利法制九大结构性特征,总结六大基本历史经验。总体来看,70余年法治国家、法治政府、法治社会建设走过曲折坎坷、波澜壮阔的历程,积累了丰富的历史经验,蕴含现代法治的普遍性规律。主要启示包括:家庭化保护应升级为国家层面的福利制度;现代社会发展应避免社会政策被经济政策化;最佳的社会政策也是最佳的经济政策;探索建立具有中国特色的现代社会福利制度是推进中国式现代化的应有之义,关键在于推动现代社会福利财政制度建设。

中国社会保障体系结构的转型及其实现路径

中国的现代社会保障始建于中华人民共和国成立初期,逐步形成了“社会保险为主导、社会救助和社会福利处于边缘”的体系结构。改革开放后,社会保障改革逐步成为了整个改革事业的重要组成部分,社会保障的体系结构呈现“社会救助为基础,社会保险为主体,社会福利、军人保障和慈善事业为补充”的格局,实现了社会保障体系结构的重大转型。社会保障体系结构失衡是此次结构转型的根本原因,其转型过程体现了渐进性并以顺应国情和时代发展为主要经验。中国式现代化对我国社会保障体系结构提出了新的要求,进而需要推动社会保障体系结构的进一步转型。为此,要明确社会保障体系结构转型的总体目标,创新改革社会保险并夯实其主体地位,优化社会救助与慈善事业并巩固其已有地位,大力推动社会福利发展并将其转变为基础地位,还要建立完善家庭社会保障并使之成为社会保障的子系统之一,形成补充地位。

以银发经济推进农村互助养老发展的政策支持研究——以J省X市颐养之家为例

我国首部“银发经济”政策文件出台,为农村互助养老模式提供了“有为政府”与“有效市场”相结合的实践场域。通过对具有全国性影响的J省X市颐养之家的典型案例分析发现,当前农村互助养老模式的主要政策目标是为有需要的农村留守、独居及困难老年人提供基本生活保障的兜底型养老。在银发经济“产品化-商品化-产业化”阶段性发展的大趋势下,农村互助养老还可以是普惠式养老,更应该是高质量的积极养老。针对农村互助养老模式在政策执行中分配基础、分配内容、输送策略、筹资机制等方面存在的不足,建议将发挥有效市场作用与有为政府作用更好结合,进一步完善优化政策支持,纳入“一老一小”,扩展受益对象;引进商品化竞争机制,丰富服务供给;推动多主体跨部门合作,形成网状输送;划定红线并链接资源,发展团结经济,着力推动农村互助养老高质量发展。

社会保障的与时俱进:理念、范式和政策工具

在更高的发展阶段上,面对科技创新和制度创新的新环境,中国社会保障制度面临的挑战和应有的出路可以概括如下。首先,传统的受益人识别机制越来越难以为继,这种识别的必要性也日益降低,要求制度体系转向更加普惠和普世。其次,尽力而为和量力而行原则既体现统一性,也体现动态性,两者并非匀质和静止的关系。在中国所处发展阶段上,政府社会性支出的增长应该速度更快、幅度更大。再次,顺应公共品边界随着人均收入提高而扩展的一般规律,以全体居民全生命周期为对象的基本公共服务供给体系的完善,要求对现有社会保险、社会救助和社会福利服务等各项制度进行整合。最后,在改变理念和范式的前提下,中国式福利国家建设需要通过改革清除制度性障碍。

产能分享平台企业的盈利模式选择与定价研究

在分享经济背景下,考虑交叉网络外部性效用及平台匹配率,研究产能分享平台的盈利模式选择与定价问题。基于两阶段博弈方法,分析并比较了平台在利润最大化和社会福利最大化条件下选择服务费模式与注册费模式时获得的最大利润。研究发现,在目标时间段内,当平台以利润最大化为目标时,多数情况下选择注册费模式获得的最大利润高于选择服务费模式获得的利润。在特定条件下,也存在平台采取两种盈利模式会获得相同利润的情况。此外,平台最大利润在一定条件下与交叉网络外部性系数和平台对制造能力供应方的匹配率正相关,与对制造能力需求方的匹配率负相关。当平台以社会福利最大化为目标时,选择服务费模式获得的利润高于选择注册费模式时的利润。最后,通过数值算例对上述结果进行了验证。

人口老龄化趋势下卫生资源配置结构性失衡与社会福利损失

一国医疗资源的配置结构直接影响这些资源向医疗卫生服务转化的效率,我国卫生资源配置结构性失衡问题不仅影响着公众健康,同时也制约着公众社会福利。不仅如此,我国人口老龄化程度的加深导致医疗卫生服务需求井喷式增长,与卫生资源配置结构性失衡下的碎片式服务供给体系形成巨大反差,导致供求矛盾日益突出,将引发更大的经济社会代价。在此背景下,本文结合理论分析、数值模拟和实证检验,剖析卫生资源配置结构性失衡影响社会福利的内在机理以及人口老龄化对两者关系的调节作用。结果表明:存在最优化的卫生资源配置结构,在该结构下公众社会福利实现最大化;与这种最优化资源配置结构相比,卫生资源配置结构性失衡会引发社会福利损失。与此同时,人口老龄化加剧卫生资源配置结构性失衡带来的社会福利损失。异质性分析表明,建设信息基础设施和提高医疗卫生机构密度能够减少卫生资源配置结构性失衡带来的社会福利损失,但城乡收入差距的扩大会增加其福利损失。本文研究结论对于缓解卫生资源配置结构性失衡问题、推进健康中国建设具有重要的启示意义。

考虑环保税减税优惠政策的环境服务供应链决策

基于环境污染第三方治理模式,考虑由排污企业和环境服务商构成的二级环境服务供应链,分别构建分档减税和线性减税两种优惠机制下的供应链模型,运用Stackelberg博弈理论,定量分析环保税分档减税政策以及增加优惠档次对企业生产及减排决策的影响。研究结果表明:分档优惠政策下,随着减排比例增加,排污企业的产量和利润增加,环境服务商利润整体趋势增加,但在跨优惠区间时存在“减排困难区”,缺乏技术升级动力,一定程度上抑制环保税优惠政策的激励效果;相对于分档优惠政策,线型优惠政策下“减排困难区”消失,实现同等减排比例时,排污企业产量及利润增加,社会福利效果更优,但环境服务商利润受损,且对其减排成本水平要求提高,提高税率可缓解对环境服务商的冲击。

体育参与、社会资本与个体福利提升——基于福利经济学理论和CFPS调查数据的研究

研究目标:基于福利经济学和阿马蒂亚·森的可行能力理论构建个体福利指标体系,来检验体育参与对个体福利提升的作用和效应以及社会资本的中介作用。研究方法:利用中国家庭追踪调查数据库(CFPS)的微观数据,运用多元线性回归模型和KHB中介效应检验法和可视化进行实证分析。研究结论:体育参与不仅可以提升个体总福利水平,还可以提升分维度福利水平;社会资本在体育参与影响个体福利的过程中发挥中介作用,其中,个体社会资本对健康和幸福感维度的福利提升作用较大,集体社会资本对教育和收入维度的福利提升作用较大。研究创新:揭示了体育参与通过社会资本对个体福利提升的影响机理。研究价值:为进一步促进全民健身、实施健康中国战略提供理论支撑。