The Shed People in the Qing Dynasty and Social Changes in Northwest Jiangxi Province

The shed people began to have a presence before the Qing Dynasty.Since the Qing Dynasty,the number of shed people in northwest Jiangxi has increased sharply,which has triggered a series of social problems.This paper delves into the evolution of the relations between the indigenous people and migrant people in northwest Jiangxi after the migration of the shed people.Then,it probes into the changes in state policies resulted from the migration of the shed people and the social and economic changes generated by those policy changes.

The Influence of the Changes in Social Trends of Thought in Japan

The social trend of thought is the trend of thought that is of extensive influence formed in a certain period of time in a given society. It o-riginates from the changes in international environment and domestic social situation, reflecting the interests and demands of a given group of people and producing a great influence on the foreign and domestic policies and the future trend of the society. One prominent feature of

Identifying the Cultural Shifts and Societal Changes That Facilitated the Rise in Box Office Performance of Chinese Women’s Cinema in the 21st Century

With the gradual improvement of Chinese women’s status in the 21st century,gender studies and gender relations have become one of the hottest topics in Chinese society,which consequently prompted Chinese Women’s Cinema to attract the attention of larger audiences.With regard to the box office performance of Chinese Women’s Cinema,there seems to be a gap in research in finding an association between women’s status and the relevant films’box office performance.The purpose of this research is to outline the underlying reasons for the changes in gender roles and gender representation in the Chinese film industry over the past few decades in order to better understand this expansive social change in the 21st century.This study provides a comprehensive analysis through the use of questionnaires to better understand society’s attitude towards gender representation within the film industry.The questionnaire findings indicate that there is a direct correlation between people’s awareness of women’s changing status and gender equality and their acceptance of materials produced by Chinese Women’s Cinema.At the some time,it highlights that the Chinese government’s support and initiatives for gender equality have had a significant impact on the general popularity of Chinese Women’s Cinema.The significance of this research is to effectively popularize Chinese Women’s Cinema culture and the box office growth by understanding the social attitude towards gender representation in the Chinese film industry and to provide relevant information about the development direction and trend of Chinese Women’s Cinema.Furthermore,this research aims to provide foundational support for gender equality and help to understand the underlying factors that society needs to promote gender equality.

State,Communal,and Individual Identities in Iran

Cultural identity in Iran is comprised of four primary elements,each of which have proven to be highly resonant in the country political history.The vexing issue of modernity,and where individuals and collectivities are placed in relation to it,has been one of the most prominent of these elements of Iranian identity.A second constitutive factor has been the role of the state as a deliberate crafter of cultural,in turn directly influencing the salience,interpretation,extent,and direction of modernity,or its antithesis,in Iran.Equally defining has been the role and significance of religion,which has emerged as a marker of individual and collective,as well as political,identities.Nationalism,and its compelling impulse across Iranian society especially from the early 1900s and continuing until today,has also emerged as an integral and inseparable feature of Iranian identity.Together,these four elements―modernity,a culturally intrusive state,religion and religiosity,and nationalism―constitute fluid yet constant,sometimes complementary and sometimes competing,dimensions of Iranian identity.

Relationship between HIV Counseling and Testing (HCT) Awareness and HCT Uptake among Young People in Nigeria: Implications for Social Change

This study examined the relationship between HIV counselling and testing (HCT) awareness and HCT uptake among young people in Nigeria and their implications for social change. The study is a quantitative research guided by one research question and one hypothesis. The target population comprised young people in Nigeria ages 15 to 24 years because the focus of this study was to identify the factors affecting HCT uptake among young people in this age cohort. The representative sample was obtained from the updated master sample frame of rural and urban zones developed by the National Population Commission in Nigeria. This master sample frame was a national survey that comprised all 36 states in Nigeria. Probability sampling technique was used to obtain a sample of 10,091 respondents (ages 15 to 24 years) for the study. The multistage cluster sampling was used to select suitable young people with known probability. Data were collected throughout Nigeria between September and December 2012 from 32,543 households (rural = 22,192;urban = 10,351) using structured and semi-structured questionnaires. The individual questionnaires asked about household characteristics, background characteristics of the respondents. Data were analyzed by inputting them into SPSS v21.0 for analysis and then coded them for each participant. The data were summed using descriptive statistics. Frequencies and percentages;measures of central tendencies were used to answer the research question while nonparametric tests such as chi-square were used to analyze non-normally distributed data at 0.5 level of significance. The results of the chi-square test of association between HCT awareness and HCT uptake showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between HCT awareness and HCT uptake among young people ages 15 to 24 years in Nigeria, X2 (1, n = 8916) = 306.66, p < 0.001. In other words, knowledge of the availability of HCT services may have influenced the possibility that the participants would use them. Among others, it was recommended that government should examine the efficacy of HCT treatments in Nigeria, along with conducting a demographic analysis of the at-risk population.

Laboratory Life:Twenty Years of Experimental Research with Locals and New Comers in Remote Rural Areas

Through the Latour concept of philosophy of science of laboratory life,the life course of a(geo)ethnographer researcher is analyzed,in order to establish the emotional or more personal dimensions that do not usually appear in research papers,but that have notable relevance in qualitative research.The text is structured in three large parts:A conceptual vision of the new experimental geography;the experimental geo-ethnography in old social,new social and place scenarios;and finally,the most personal and emotional dimension of the research.The first part establishes the geo-ethnographic experimental context and the assumptions in fieldwork,in addition to the geo-ethnographic reconciliation process.In the second part,the main qualitative research problems related to mobility,resistance and dynamics in place are established.Finally,in the third part the research perceptions,the personal experiences,and the emotional dimension of the research in remote rural areas are established.The laboratory life of a researcher,allows one to establish scalar conclusions and rigor in qualitative research.

Is Tourism the (Only) Best “Choice” for Community Rehabilitation and Development?

Economic conditions,societies,and current changes make many communities in Thailand face changes in occupation and life,especially suburban communities which face loneliness and sluggishness.With this problem,renovation and development of communities ensue.Many communities have changed their image to be the“tourism community”,the result of which is generally perceived as either failure or success.According to this phenomenon,the author would like to present a story through a case study of Pak Nam Prasae Community,Klaeng District,Rayong Province.The author had an opportunity to conduct a participatory action research with collaboration for the main objectives which are to support knowledge body that leads the community out of loneliness and sluggishness and to create tourism activities.Nowadays,this community has become a popular tourist attraction,which is promoted as part of the national tourism by Tourism Authority of Thailand.The author would like to present both sides of the development through the tool called“tourism”which was employed by the community as a new approach to maintain,renovate,and develop the community.Even though in the initial stage,promotion and support from the external network were important,the most important thing is the cost of community in certain aspects that support the community to insist,improve,and connect to new networks by itself.On the other hand,the community will have to face with new different issues and challenges,especially in terms of management and share of benefit gained from using the local resources to develop the tourism in the community.According to these two pieces of information,after all,whether“tourism”is the best tool for development is an important issue that the community has to consider.

"Catching the Yellow Ghost":A Case Study of Popular Religious Activities and Social Transformation in Rural North China

This article studies the relationship between local society and social change in rural north China from the late Qing dynasty to the People's Republic of China period through the activity of"Zhuo huanggui"(literally,"Catching the Yellow Ghost")."Catching the Yellow Ghost"is a ritual activity in Guyi village,Wu'an county,Hebei province.According to villagers there,"Catching the Yellow Ghost"has been celebrated since the late Qing dynasty.However,due to political pressures in the 1950s,it was not until the 1980s that"Catching the Yellow Ghost"began to be revitalized.Since that time,"Catching the Yellow Ghost"has gained rapid popularity and fame in north China.Through the lens of the"Catching the Yellow Ghost"ritual,this article explores social transformation in China from the late 19th to the early 21st century.By analyzing the continuity and discontinuity of"Catching the Yellow Ghost,"this article offers a new understanding of the relationship between local society and social change in rural north China.

Documentary research on social innovation in health in Latin America

Background:Identifying social innovation in health initiatives,promoting quality of life through them,and transforming current health conditions demand the knowledge,comprehension and appropriation of the theoretical and methodological developments of this concept Academic developments in social innovation have mainly occurred in and been documented for English-speaking countries,although relevant experiences have been implemented in Latin America.In this article,we describe and analyze how social innovation in health is being approached and understood in this region.Main text:To identify the theoretical and methodological developments of social innovation in health between 2013 and 2018,a scoping review with a mixed approach was carried out.Eighty texts in English,Spanish and Portuguese were selected for a process of reflexive analysis of intra and intertextual reading.The approaches identified in the studied initiatives were complementary.The most applied approaches were innovation in health,technological innovation in health and social innovation,each with twelve publications,and social innovation in health and ecohealth with ten and seven publications respectively.The approaches showed a general interest in reaching the goals of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),the Alma Ata Declaration and the Ottawa Letter.Conclusions:The social innovation in health approach in Latin America adopts educational strategies,identifies risk factors,optimizes resources,promotes interculturality,participation,community empowerment,and enhances intersectorality and interdisciplinarity.As an approach,process,program or solution,social innovation in health is a conceptual category under construction.This research provides a baseline for other systematic reviews on the subject.

Another look at social innovation:From community-For community

Social innovation(SI)continues to raise interest among scholars and policymakers,as a potential panacea for social disenfranchisement and civic dysfunction.What is troubling is diverse perspectives of SI abound,creating inconsistencies in methodological approaches which confound theory development.This paper clarifies that discussion by considering the locus of initiation and locus of benefit as informing characteristics that differentiate grounded social innovation from other types of well-recognized socially beneficent endeavors.The notion of‘from community e for community’is presented to aid understanding of the unique nature of authentically grounded social innovation.This paper is significant as it presents a practical approach to help researchers and practitioners consider where opportunities for targeted policy support,institutional involvement,and agency action can aid community development and wellbeing.

社会变迁背景下女性空间特征研究--以近代大学为例

In pre-modern China,the space for women was rarely a subject of architectural theory studies.It is along with the development of feminism in the field of sociology that more attention was gradually paid to it and its morphological characteristics.When women began to participate in production activities in society,their life structure was greatly changed.Focusing on female dormitories as main living space for women in universities,this paper conducts a comparative study on the living space for men and women in China’s early modern universities from the perspective of planning and architecture.It analyzes the transformation of the space for women under the background of lifestyle diversification,elaborating its progressive and limitative meanings and identifying its reasons,so as to encourage more studies on the unique characteristics of the space for women.

Data Science as Political Action:Grounding Data Science in a Politics of Justice

In response to public scrutiny of data-driven algorithms,the field of data science has adopted ethics training and principles.Although ethics can help data scientists reflect on certain normative aspects of their work,such efforts are ill-equipped to generate a data science that avoids social harms and promotes social justice.In this article,I argue that data science must embrace a political orientation.Data scientists must recognize themselves as political actors engaged in normative constructions of society and evaluate their work according to its downstream impacts on people’s lives.I first articulate why data scientists must recognize themselves as political actors.In this section,I respond to three arguments that data scientists commonly invoke when challenged to take political positions regarding their work.In confronting these arguments,I describe why attempting to remain apolitical is itself a political stance-a fundamentally conservative one-and why data science’s attempts to promote“social good”dangerously rely on unarticulated and incrementalist political assumptions.I then propose a framework for how data science can evolve toward a deliberative and rigorous politics of social justice.I conceptualize the process of developing a politically engaged data science as a sequence of four stages.Pursuing these new approaches will empower data scientists with new methods for thoughtfully and rigorously contributing to social justice.

Alienation of Tibetan Adolescents in Rural Boarding Schools

Adolescent alienation is a symptom of problems in relations among the individual,school,community,and family.Based on a research conducted with a sample of 897 Tibetan adolescent students in Grades 7 to 12,this study reveals that over one third of subjects experience high levels of alienation.Questionnaire data and field work show possible sources of this alienation in contemporary rural Tibetan society in China,factors that may reduce alienation,and explanations for low levels of alienation among some students.The paper concludes with an argument for researchers and policy makers to pay greater attention to the issue of alienation among minority boarding school students.