Chinese Students’ Adaptation of Social Intercourse Influenced by Different Cultural Contexts of China and America in American Universities

1 Statement of the Purpose (1) Statement of the purpose The purpose of the research isto study Chinese studends' adaptation of social intercourse influenced by different cultural contexts of China and America in American universities.And the study will also try to find out the exact problems and obstacles during Chinese students' adapting period in American universities.

A Comparative Study of the L2 Pragmatic Competence of University Students in Hong Kong and the Chinese Mainland:The Contributions of Sociocultural Context and Linguistic Proficiency

This study investigates the differences in pragmatic competence between Hong Kong and Chinese mainland university students.Participants included 19 native speakers of English,115 Chinese mainland students,divided into those who had spent time abroad in an English-speaking country(CM A)and those who had not(CM NA),and 97 Hong Kong students,divided into those from an English-medium secondary school(Hong Kong EMI)and those from a Chinese-medium school(Hong Kong CMI).Linguistic proficiency was measured by a C-test,and pragmatic competence by a Metapragmatic Knowledge Test,an Irony Test and a Monologic Role Play.Group scores were compared using ANCOVAs to control for differences in proficiency.The results point to a continuum of pragmatic competence—EMI>CMI>CM A>CM NA—reflecting the groups’access to English in real-life contexts.The differences between the Hong Kong groups and the Chinese mainland groups were clearest in those tests measuring processing capacity(i.e.,Irony Response Time and the Monologic Role Play).CM A,but not CM NA,performed as well as the Hong Kong groups on measures of metapragmatic awareness.The results are discussed in terms of Bialystok’s(1993)distinction between analyzed representation and control of processing.

A Study on the Differentiation Phenomenon of Cultural Identity and Social Role of Chinese Qin Musicians in Modern Social Context

With the social change,the role behavior of Qin culture’s producers and inheritors have changed from traditional to modern,among which the significant symbol is the differentiation of cultural identity and social role.Starting with the historical perspective,social-cultural perspective,etc.,and analyzing the role differentiation phenomenon of Qin musicians,this thesis considers that the changes in the role of the Qin musician are influenced by various external strong discourses in different periods.How to maintain the cultural creation and role responsibility of the Qin musicians’self-consciousness under the interaction of various external forces becomes the key to the successful protection and inheritance of the Qin cultural heritage.

The Escape in Trauma and Return for Belongings in Shanghai Girls Under the Historical and Social Background

Under the social and historical context,the deep reasons of the two sisters escaping from their hometown and nation are discussed due to the social background,motivation,destination,route,which reflects people’s yearning for a peaceful life and the excavation of their self-courage trampling of the iron hoof of war.That’s a further sign of sisterhood.Then the personal attitudes and choices of the two sisters are analyzed as well as the return in various meanings,including the ultimate return of Pearl to the family after physical trauma,return to Chinese culture after dreaming of a“good life”in America,so as to pursue the essential return of the adopted daughter to China,etc.This kind of root-seeking exploration of the protagonists forces them to“return”in various meanings and connects the East with the West,which also symbolizes the attempt to merge their own ethnic identity.Chinese-American writers make a bold attempt to define and integrate their ethnic background of social history and make a bold attempt on the definition and integration of ethnic identity.

To Lead or to Guide──On Social Context of Teaching & Learning in Classroom

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Ultrasonic vocalizations in mice: relevance for ethologic and neurodevelopmental disorders studies

Mice use ultrasonic vocalizations(USVs)to communicate each other and to convey their emotional state.USVs have been greatly characterized in specific life phases and contexts,such as mother isolation-induced USVs for pups or female-induced USVs for male mice during courtship.USVs can be acquired by means of specific tools and later analyzed on the base of both quantitative and qualitative parameters.Indeed,different ultrasonic call categories exist and have already been defined.The understanding of different calls meaning is still missing,and it will represent an essential step forward in the field of USVs.They have long been studied in the ethological context,but recently they emerged as a precious instrument to study pathologies characterized by deficits in communication,in particular neurodevelopmental disorders(NDDs),such as autism spectrum disorders.This review covers the topics of USVs characteristics in mice,contexts for USVs emission and factors that modulate their expression.A particular focus will be devoted to mouse USVs in the context of NDDs.Indeed,several NDDs murine models exist and an intense study of USVs is currently in progress,with the aim of both performing an early diagnosis and to find a pharmacological/behavioral intervention to improve patients’quality of life.

An Analysis of English Media Text Discourse:From the Perspective of Grammar Teaching

The aim of this essay is to explore several possible strategies that can facilitate the learners'grammatical competence development through the analysis of grammatical features of a media text and help to explore the potential of developing grammatical competence in language teaching context.

Discourse Competence Development in English Language Teaching: An Analysis of Media Text Discourse

This paper aims at exploring how the learners' discourse competence could be fully developed in second language acquisition facilitated by teachers through analysis of a piece of written discourse.

Convergence or Divergence Between European Human Resource Management and American Human Resource Management

Major indicator of firm performance is business performance. Aims of firms and managers are to achieve firm performance. Human resource management （HRM） aims to achieve individual performance in order for firm performance. Because individuals （professionals） may have an impact on business performance. European HRM is adopting principles of American HRM. This is convergence. There are two factors that may affect divergence between Europe and USA. Divergence factors are social awareness and economic viewpoint difference. First of all, European firms consider social partners in HRM. Secondly, EU is regulated market economy and USA has liberal market economy. That may create divergence between Europe and USA.

Cultural Dynamism: Reimaging Team Building That Transcend Reflexive Individual Biography in a Post-Segregated Environment

In the Southern African context,businesses,governments,and community-based organizations have become reliant on teamwork to streamline processes,augment participation and improve performance.In this regard,the historically formalized,centralized,and departmentalized mechanistic structures are being replaced by team-based structures.Research from the North,on team building,suggests that teams have a potential to give diversity in knowledge,attitudes,skills,and experience,whose integration would make it possible to offer rapid,flexible and innovative responses to problems and challenges,promoting performance and improving the satisfaction of those making the team.In South Africa,a state-owned entity launched a team-building initiative to improve team effectiveness and functioning within the water sector.This initiative was implemented contemporaneously with climate and culture change management initiatives envisioned to usher in a new culture,to improve employee morale,and,ultimately,to ensure a high-performing organization.These initiatives sought to help articulate and cultivate leadership accord,create a common vision,as well as develop a consensus on a set of collective values that would become the bedrock of the organization.In the light of this background,this paper examines the effectiveness of the“growing-our-teams”initiative,with the goal of lending insights into the strengths and weaknesses of strategies and processes deployed to implement and manage the initiative.In assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the program,the underpinning research was conducted by reviewing and analyzing related articles and papers,as well as interrogating employee experiences relating to the program.How do state-owned entities learn and implement lessons distilled from their programs or initiatives to build capacity and improve efficiencies?

Studies on Zhucheng Dialect

Zhucheng dialect belongs to Weifang group,which is itself a part of the larger set of Shandong dialect.Though sharing a large amount of features with Shandong dialect,Zhucheng dialect has its unique ways of expressing things.This paper aims to make a thorough investigation of Zhucheng dialect with respect to its phonology,lexicon,grammatical structures and its use in social context.

Exploring Translation Process and Sociolinguistic Perspective:A Case Study of Figurative Speech

In a large sense,cultural factors interfere in the translation process:Social language is a part of the culture.Based on the light,this study aims at translation and sociolinguistic aspects through figurative speech.The analysis of the translation result from the college students of B-University in the translation class hints that the correlation between translation and cultural interferences should be educated.The result shows that most of the college students put importance on the readability of the translation,less paying attention to the value of figurative speech in context.

Language and Social Institutions: The Conversation Analytic View

This paper considers some of the main lines of development in the application of conversation analysis(CA)to interactions in work settings such as medicine,education,law enforcement,courts,mass media etc.The paper describes some basic differences between ordinary conversational interaction and work-based institutional talk,that center on the range of language practices deployed in the two types of environment,and the forms of social change to which each is subject.Subsequently,six basic dimensions of organization are identified as sites of research on institutional talk:(1)Turn-taking organization;(2)Overall structural organization of the interaction;(3)Sequence organization;(4)Turn design;(5)Lexical choice;(6)Epistemic and other forms of asymmetry.Finally research on the causes of change in institutional language practices,and on the consequences of language practices for the outcomes of interactions is described.

A framework to evaluate whether to pool or separate behaviors in a multilayer network

A multilayer network approach combines different network layers,which are connected by interlayer edges,to create a single mathematical object.These networks can contain a variety of information types and represent different aspects of a system.However,the process for selecting which information to include is not always straightforward.Using data on 2 agonistic behaviors in a captive population of monk parakeets(Myiopsitta monachus),we developed a framework for investigating how pooling or splitting behaviors at the scale of dyadic relationships(between 2 individuals)affects individual-and group-level social properties.We designed 2 reference models to test whether randomizing the number of interactions across behavior types results in similar structural patterns as the observed data.Although the behaviors were correlated,the first reference model suggests that the 2 behaviors convey different information about some social properties and should therefore not be pooled.However,once we controlled for data sparsity,we found that the observed measures corresponded with those from the second reference model.Hence,our initial result may have been due to the unequal frequencies of each behavior.Overall,our findings support pooling the 2 behaviors.Awareness of how selected measurements can be affected by data properties is warranted,but nonetheless our framework disentangles these efforts and as a result can be used for myriad types of behaviors and questions.This framework will help researchers make informed and data-driven decisions about which behaviors to pool or separate,prior to using the data in subsequent multilayer network analyses.

The Use and Disuse of French in Medieval England

The use of French in medieval England started with the arrival of the Norman conquerors. The disuse of French, then, was noticed more than three hundred years later. A variety of changes, either political economical or social had contributed to the use and disuse of French. These changes were slow and sometimes overlapping during this process. The total replacement of French by English still had a long way to go by the end of the medieval time. This article intends to outline a picture in which French stepped in and faded out in medieval England and highlight the true message behind this linguistic competition.