Acting and Thinking as a Revolutionary Organ： The Case of the French Review Socialisme ou Barbarie （1948-1965）

The aim of the article is to analyze the evolution of a radical left group in France that created a scission inside the Fourth International after World War II. The group founded a review Socialisme ou Barbarie that criticized Marxism and the Trotskyist interpretation of the status of the USSR. The rigorous description of this review reveals the mixture of strong theoretical views on bureaucratic societies and empirical investigations of reactions against those societies. The hypothesis is that this group failed to be a new political force. As a matter of fact, is it possible to depict the evolution of Socialisme ou Barbarie as an investigative journalism based on a strong political and philosophical theory？

The Logic of Common Prosperity in China

The notion of common prosperity in China is deeply rooted in its historical and cultural traditions and supported by a unique social system logic.As a social ideal,it reflects the enduring intellectual aspirations of the Chinese nation.Deep feelings for the family and country and universal kinship shape the Chinese spiritual worldview,emphasizing a strong sense of community and interconnectedness.As a fundamental principle,it ensures that the essence of the socialist system,defined by labor,is firmly implemented and practically realized in the context of socialism with Chinese characteristics.As a practical endeavor,it harmonizes with historical trends and proactive development,integrating the advanced nature of the political party with scientific policy strategies,thereby clarifying the roadmap for common prosperity.As a Chinese approach,it creates a genuine community amidst diversity and differentiation,fostering a scientific understanding of prosperity in the course of development and progress,and offering a national model for building new forms of human advancement during modernization.China's historical efforts in promoting common prosperity not only expand the contemporary understanding of"common"in a philosophical sense but also elevate the notion of prosperity"to new heights in a civilizational context.

On the Principle of Consistency of Rights and Obligations in the Constitution of PRC

“The Fundamental Rights and obligations of Citizens”, the title of Chapter II of the current Constitution of PRC, and the stipulation that citizens must fulfill certain obligations while enjoying rights have triggered many debates. Considering the historical origin, constitutional philosophy, and the text and structure of the Constitution, the special provisions of the current Constitution are influenced by the principle of consistency of rights and obligations. The principle of consistency of rights and obligations in the Constitution is of complex connotation. Therefore, although the principle of consistency of rights and obligations effectively connects the public and private spheres, it ignores the diversity and differences of the interests and elements contained in the Constitution, the asymmetry of the normative status of fundamental rights and fundamental obligations,and the right of citizens to self-determination of personal interests.The principle of consistency of rights and obligations should be purposefully narrowed and concretized: In the context of public-private integration and risk society prevention, the principle of consistency of rights and obligations can be used as a supplement to the functional system of the Constitution;in the field of fundamental political obligations, the principle of consistency of rights and obligations should be in line with the requirements of the state to respect and protect human rights;in the field of fundamental social obligations, the exercise of fundamental rights by individuals is protected by the Constitution as long as they comply with the law and do not infringe upon the interests of the social community. The principle of the consistency of rights and obligations is only used as the negative constituents of the determination of rights and the basis for the effect against a third party of fundamental rights.

The Logic of Xi Jinping’s Ideas on Social Governance in the New Era

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,General Secretary Xi Jinping,with a long-term vision,has discussed social governance on different occasions in the face of contemporary issues,forming an ideological system with complete structure,rich content,rigorous exposition,and profound thinking.From the perspective of theoretical analysis,these expositions insist on people-centeredness in the value dimension,implement multiple subject participation in the practical dimension,consider promoting the legalization of social governance in the target dimension,draw on the essence of traditional cultural governance in the historical dimension,and focus on diversified governance measures in the method dimension.The important exposition of General Secretary Xi Jinping on social governance is the new development of Chinese Marxist social governance ideas,which will help the steady progress of socialist social governance with Chinese characteristics and the further improvement of socialist governance system with Chinese characteristics.

Chinese Enrichment and Development of Marxist Concept of Democracy in the New Era

Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China,Chinese communists,re-presented by President Xi Jinping,have innovated Marxist Concept of Democracy base on Chinese history,culture and conditions. On the basis of inheriting Marxist thought of the inner prescriptions of "people's democracy",they fur-ther expanded the connotation and extension of "rule by the people",developed the contents of the electoral democ-racy and consultative democracy in China.,enriched the concrete requirements of the democratic realization condi-tions from the aspects of economic foundation,intellectual support and the guarantee of the rule of law,and a new ex-ploration is made on the development of China's democratic political system from the aspects of Party's leadership and operation supervision.

Neoliberalism,Anti-Neoliberalism and Socialism

Neoliberalism,Anti-Neoliberalism and

On the Global Significance of XI Jinping＇s Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era

XI Jinping＇s thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era contains Chinesewisdom for the development of socialism in the world,Chinese experience of realizing modernization in adeveloping country,and Chinese solution to the global governing. It clarifies the theoretical puzzlement of ＂theend of history＂,＂the clash of civilizations＂and ＂Western centrism＂,so that it plays an important role inhuman intellectual history. Therefore,one should adopt an international vision and a global perspective tounderstand and evaluate the theoretical significance and practical value of XI Jinpings thought on socialismwith Chinese characteristics for a new era.

The Logic of Self-Justification of China’s Anti-Epidemic Effectiveness

The COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 is a syndrome of economic,social and governance crises.It is not only a test of the medical and health system of a country or a region,but also a test of the emergency management system and the comprehensive governance capacity.Based on the complexity of epidemic prevention and control,no single factor can explain and respond to the"exceptional status"of epidemic prevention and control.Only by applying the"Theory of History Resultant Force",establishing systematic thinking,and comprehensively reviewing and analyzing can we comprehensively and objectively clarify its pros and cons.Having taken advantage of the party’s leadership,the nationwide system,and the Socialism with Chinese characteristics with a broad mass base and strong material support,China has achieved obvious results in a relatively short period of time in the process of epidemic prevention and control.It provides other countries or regions with Chinese experience,and Chinese wisdom for anti-epidemic efforts.

Reflections on a New Era of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

Socialism with Chinese characteristics has gone through dificulties and reached a new level.The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out that socialism with Chinese char-acteristics has entered a new era and it is our new historical position.This judgement is an important content of Xi Jjin-ping’s thought on the socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era.From the perspective of theory,history and reality,the Marxism Times Thought is its theoretical basis;The Party's practice and recognition of keeping pace with the times is its historical basis;Canstantly promoting the pew development qf socialism with Chinese characteristics is its realistic requirement.

An Overview of Overseas Interpretation of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

with the rise of China,how to correctly understand the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics has become a hot issue in the international community.The path of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the product of the Sinicization of Marxism,and its core point is the leadership of the Communist Party of China.This is the basic perspective to explain this path.From the perspective of the historical process of world modernization,the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics has broken the exclusive situation of Western modernization and provides a new choice for those countries and nations that want to accelerate development while maintain their own independence.

The Internal Logic and Value Pursuit of Green Development of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

The green development of socialism with Chinese characteristics is a scientific and rational choice based on the development theory of Marxism,reflecting on historical practice and practicing the value pursuit of Communists.Comprehensive understanding and mastering the internal logic and value pursuit of the green development of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era is in favor of upholding and improving the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new situation,implementing the strictest ecological and environmental protection system,and unswervingly taking the path of innovation,coordination,green development,openness and sharing,and providing ideological powers and operational guidance for the construction of a Beautiful China and the modernization of harmonious coexistence between mankind and nature.

CCPIT Conference(2019) Strikes New Ground for Trade Promotion with Higher Quality

From January 4 to 5,the 2019 China Council for the Promotion of International Trade(CCPIT)Conference was held in Beijing.The main task of the meeting was to,under the guidance of Xi Jinping’s socialist thinking with Chinese characteristics in the new era,carry on the spirit of the 19th CPC National Congress and the second and third plenum of the 19th CPC Central Committee.The meeting also stressed on our awareness of maintaining political integrity,thinking in big-picture terms,following the leadership core,and keeping in alignment,our confidence in the path,theory,system,and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics,and our support for the authority of the Central Party and its leadership.

Topology of economic systems

An economic topology can have many uses to the academician, student and practitioner. Refining a topology of economic systems helps to bring together seemingly disparate characteristics and to point out potential long run trends. The progression of economic systems over time and also brief explanations of each system are given. We argue that most modem economic systems have some remnants of earlier forms, that is, most economies today are some mixture of what might be considered pure systems. Measurable characteristics to identify a particular system are developed that allows progress to or from a particular classification to be charted for individual countries.

Bulgarian Intellectuals and Students and Their Notion of the Age of Socialism

In the years of the Bulgarian transition from Soviet-style state socialism to parliamentary democracy and market economy,the notions of the recent past experience profound changes.This process is predetermined by the new political imperative—the need to reorient the country from the Eastern bloc to the Western world.Changing the attitude of the Bulgarian society towards the socialist past is accomplished first through the change of curricula and textbooks,but also with the help of the media,which give floor to critics of socialism.Over time,however,especially since the neo-liberal economic transformations that took place under the so-called Washington Consensus led to deindustrialisation and high unemployment,a change in social attitude towards socialism began.In the 21st century,the attitude towards socialism changed.The total denial that prevailed in the 1990s gave way to a more nuanced picture—alongside the shortcomings and crimes,there are also talks about positive features of socialism such as social security and stability.This is evident both in the positions of the Bulgarian intellectuals and in the views of Bulgarian students about the socialist past.

George Orwell＇s Non-linear Narrative in The Road To Wigan Pier

Orwell＇s text The Road to Wigan Pier, henceforth referred to as RWP, is problematic due to the ambiguity of its status as a literary genre. The text is subversive on many levels, namely on the level of form. In order to show some aspects of the author＇s challenge of the conventional norms and methods of literary writing, a comparison between the writer＇s original diary of the journey to the industrial North of England, the main site of the coal mines, and the present book could be of great import. This reveals the author＇s genuine intellectual ability to manipulate and rearrange the events and scenes of the story on the discourse level. The author＇s manipulation and rearrangement of the story （the journey）, events and scenes, clearly reveals his potential literary creativity and imagination. Orwell has deployed many strategies to fulfil this purpose. Each strategy is actually a contribution to the author＇s overall argument and at the same time it constitutes a further aspect of subversion. The first aspect of subversion lies on the level of form itself. The form of the book is effectively very challenging. Contrary to the conventional view of the fictional novel, the study of Orwell＇s text based on Grrard Genette＇s model reveals his challenge of the basic novelistic parameters. The novelistic ingredients such as setting, characterisation, and plot development have been treated in a subverting way. Though not totally discarded, they have been manipulated for the purpose of the author＇s general argument, which is Socialism. For instance, characters in the novel are treated as types, that is, representatives of their class. Besides, the order of scenes and events has been rearranged for the purpose of foregrounding representative scenes like the description of the Brookers＇ lodging-house. The author＇s treatment of the material of the text is primarily based on his personal experience as an outside observer during his journey to the North. Therefore, the exploration of the novel from a structuralist perspective based on Genette＇s model does not merely aim at the pure application of some literary and critical approaches to Orwell＇s text. This may be misleading since the investigation may fall in superficiality and simplicity. But the strategy deployed is actually a further contribution to the author＇s general argument and a manifestation of the novel＇s status as a creative and subversive text.

Ethiopian Cinema in the Era of Barrack Socialism (1974-1991)

Ethiopia,whose history goes far beyond three thousand years and is renowned for its ancient civilizations of the Axumite Kingdom,could not consistently promote socio-economic and political development in the course of nation state building,particularly as a result of the backward feudal mode that prevailed for many centuries in the country.At the end of the 19th century however,the embryo of capitalism that sprouted in the womb of the decadent feudalism paved the way for the introduction of western modernization leading to the immergence of cinematic expression just a few years after the invention of motion picture 1895 by the Lumiere Brothers.Film screening that started in April 1897/1898 in Emperor Menelik II’s palace faced challenges from the aristocracy,the nobility,and the clergy for being considered as a satanic sorcery.This tendency gradually changed through time,leading to the opening of private movie theatres mostly by expatriates,and to the production of two feature length films by Ethiopians in the imperial era.The eruption of the Ethiopia Revolution and the power grab by the Derg military dictatorship that promoted barrack socialist ideology nonetheless altered the path of cinema exhibition and production from private business entity towards state monopoly.This article hence attempts to portray the feature of Ethiopian cinema under the Derg Barrack Socialism(1974-1991)with a concern to bridge the scholarship gap for the academia pertinent to Ethiopian cinema in particular and African cinema in general.

Technology and Society in the Digital Era

The article discusses the emergence of some major catches throughout the present digital era. It reviews the discrepancy between the technology rate of advancement and human-beings’ ability to follow, comprehend, and adjust to it. This is, in essence, the articles’ subject matter. Several issues are analyzed about their relationships with the technological advancement. Among them are: basic knowledge and trivia, high education, human-touch decreasing, communication and media, freedom and responsibility, culture, bureaucracy, and population inquiry methods. At the last section, the social-capitalism idea is presented and proposed to be the political-economic platform of contemporary era. The proposed manifesto, which rests on collaboration, balanced activity, and common interest, refers to the following points: a. Firm’s goals should contain three elements1;b. competition is just one of other motivation factors;c. government involvement in economy is a real must;d. local and global considerations should be balanced;and e. social services The digital era/age represents a remarkable period of many technological achievements. Technical accomplishments achieved during the past 50 years, well surpassed almost all the advancements invented from the early days of history, some 5,000 years back. This achievement just demonstrates the smartness and talent, ingenuity, and wisdom of the members of Western civilization. However, it is a sad fact that since the early days of civilization, a permanent race took place between technological advancement and people or society development. This unfortunate race took place from those early days when science, philosophy, and arts were created and executed by gifted individuals that were only few and scarce until today. It is a known fact that only a small number of scholars were able to write and read the scripts of the early Egyptians or the wit of the ancient Greeks. The rest of those people, the majority, remained illiterate and ignorant. Similarly, the printing technology that was invented in the 15th century and enabled books and printed matter to be more popular and available did not terminate illiteracy. Nevertheless, 500 years had to pass until, due to public schooling, education prevailed and illiteracy was defeated. Usually, throughout history, one can see that technology advances faster and more rapidly than the ability of human beings or societies to accept, practice, and maximize their use of it. This permanent gap between two of the leading trends in manhood grows even faster during the as a security-net must be maintained. It is assumed that such a balanced policy will enable a continual course of creative prosperity combined with stable fair and happier life for all.

The Faith and Vision of Non-religious Individuals: A Human-Oriented View A Post-Modern Version of Atheism

The essay provides to non-religious people a scheme of a faith that may serve them and fulfil their emotional needs.The proposed strategy rests on the Social-Capitalism Idea that is constructed of a modest attitude,balanced approach,synergy,and collaboration.The Author claims that despite the fact that many,especially in the Western Civilization Countries,live today better and longer than their parents had,they still feel bad,dissatisfied,and frustrated.The main reason for such a disturbing mood today,is the emotional emptiness and the spiritual dissatisfaction many feel after reaching a decent standard of living and fulfilling most of the materialist goals.Some fulfil this emptiness by joining the Churchor the Synagogue while others join radical Islamic terror fractions.Non-religious individuals,however,search for a more comprehensive faith that will meet their spiritual and emotional desires.For meeting this search the author proposes Social-Capitalism Strategy,which rests on five principles,or pillars,upon which the whole secular philosophy of the non-religious faith is based.They are,encouraging curiosity and innovation,promoting creativity and devotion,running a dynamic mix of emotional and rational operation modes,enhancing cordial behavior,and keeping healthy family and community life.

The Way of the Social and Economic Development of China An Attempt of Historical and Synthetic Representation

The issue of social and economic development is an important part of theoretical and empirical research of the contemporary economy. China is an example of an economy which in a short period of time achieved success within this scope. Therefore it seems to be justified to draw the reader＇s attention to the factors and determinants which may be regarded as the key ones for the economy of China, both in the period of 1949-1978, namely, in the period of real socialism, and in the period after 1978, so-called ＂socialist market economy＂ to date. On the basis of an analysis of Polish and foreign reference sources and source materials, the author tried to trace both similarities and differences in China＇s economic development over those two periods, first of all paying attention to the Chinese authorities＇ pragmatism of governing in the other period, accompanied by limiting ideological influences. Maintaining the socialist system, in that period China worked out its own, specific principles, and rules of internal activities and activities in the international arena, which enabled to it the creation of a model, especially for developing countries, the system of economic planning and programming, its constant modernization during the implementation of economic tasks, with the consideration given to changing conditionings in the world economy. It was pointed out that with maintaining the laboriousness of the Chinese and their loyalty to authority, they make up China＇s economic power. The aim of the article is to pay special attention to the circumstances, phenomena, conditionings, and factors which occurred on the way to the social and economic development of China, which enabled it to achieve the economic success in a relatively short period of time. This success can be expressed by such indicators as for instance the poverty rate, the unemployment rate, gross domestic product, the value of export, and the value of foreign direct investment as well as other factors.

Socialist Market Economy Principles as a Neo-Marxist Policy

Marx has two theories： surplus value and labor value. Marx defends positivist socialism. Hegel impressed Marx ideas during his PhD. This study is based on Marx opinions. Socialist Market Economy has two principles： central planning and market economy. State implements central planning for investments, and firms operate their marketing and production activities. In socialist economy, state decides firm＇s marketing and production activities. That policy may decrease effectiveness in national economy.