以Web of Science中SCI-E、SSCI数据库1991～2010年的数据作为统计来源,对其进行计量分析,根据时间序列,将数字图书馆的发展分为4个时间段,运用关键词共现分析法,分析每一时间段的研究重点。同时对文献的合著作者采用社会网络分析法,离...以Web of Science中SCI-E、SSCI数据库1991～2010年的数据作为统计来源,对其进行计量分析,根据时间序列,将数字图书馆的发展分为4个时间段,运用关键词共现分析法,分析每一时间段的研究重点。同时对文献的合著作者采用社会网络分析法,离析出数字图书馆研究中的主要学术合作群体及其研究的热点问题,多角度揭示数字图书馆研究的发展趋势和方向。展开更多
In primate species with social systems consisting of one-male breeding units （OMUs）, resident male takeover represents a major challenge to individual reproductive success and mating strategies. The golden snub-nose...In primate species with social systems consisting of one-male breeding units （OMUs）, resident male takeover represents a major challenge to individual reproductive success and mating strategies. The golden snub-nosed monkey （Rhinopithecus roxellana） is characterized by large multilevel societies （MLS） comprised of several OMUs and all-male units （AMUs）; however, the factors and mechanisms associated with resident male takeover, which offer important insight into primate reproduction and social strategies, are still poorly understood. Based on 5-year monitoring data from a free-ranging herd of golden monkeys from the Qinling Mountains in China, we categorized three phases of an OMU, that is, a rising phase, developing phase, and declining phase. The rising and declining phases were unstable periods in which male takeover in an OMU might occur. Factors causing takeover, such as leader male rank, fighting ability, reproduction rate, and affiliation （proximity, allogrooming）, were analyzed for males and females and for different OMUs. Results indicated that the new resident male＇s fighting ability was lower than that of the former resident male in 23 cases. After replacement, the rank order of the new resident male significantly declined. Females involved in a takeover increased their distance from the resident male and decreased mating frequency during the three months prior to takeover. Females with infants under one-year-old had a marked effect on the specific time of takeover occurrence. These results suggested that female choice was the main factor deciding whether a takeover attempt was successful. Furthermore, rather than male conflict, females more often initiated and affected takeover and outcome, implying that the social status and competitive ability of the males played lesser roles during takeover.展开更多
文摘以Web of Science中SCI-E、SSCI数据库1991～2010年的数据作为统计来源,对其进行计量分析,根据时间序列,将数字图书馆的发展分为4个时间段,运用关键词共现分析法,分析每一时间段的研究重点。同时对文献的合著作者采用社会网络分析法,离析出数字图书馆研究中的主要学术合作群体及其研究的热点问题,多角度揭示数字图书馆研究的发展趋势和方向。
基金funded by the National Science Foundation of China(31470455,31622053,31730104)National Key Program of Research and Development,Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016YFC0503200)Northwest University Graduate Innovation and Creativity Funds(YZZ17156)
文摘In primate species with social systems consisting of one-male breeding units （OMUs）, resident male takeover represents a major challenge to individual reproductive success and mating strategies. The golden snub-nosed monkey （Rhinopithecus roxellana） is characterized by large multilevel societies （MLS） comprised of several OMUs and all-male units （AMUs）; however, the factors and mechanisms associated with resident male takeover, which offer important insight into primate reproduction and social strategies, are still poorly understood. Based on 5-year monitoring data from a free-ranging herd of golden monkeys from the Qinling Mountains in China, we categorized three phases of an OMU, that is, a rising phase, developing phase, and declining phase. The rising and declining phases were unstable periods in which male takeover in an OMU might occur. Factors causing takeover, such as leader male rank, fighting ability, reproduction rate, and affiliation （proximity, allogrooming）, were analyzed for males and females and for different OMUs. Results indicated that the new resident male＇s fighting ability was lower than that of the former resident male in 23 cases. After replacement, the rank order of the new resident male significantly declined. Females involved in a takeover increased their distance from the resident male and decreased mating frequency during the three months prior to takeover. Females with infants under one-year-old had a marked effect on the specific time of takeover occurrence. These results suggested that female choice was the main factor deciding whether a takeover attempt was successful. Furthermore, rather than male conflict, females more often initiated and affected takeover and outcome, implying that the social status and competitive ability of the males played lesser roles during takeover.
