Kinetic Parameters Determination Using Reaction Calorimetry： Study of Sodium Benzoate Synthesis

A modified systematic approach to determination of the kinetics of well known reaction from calorimetric data is addressed in this study. Because the application of calorimetry does not depend upon knowledge of concentration profiles, it has the advantage over other real-time analyses. Estimated kinetic parameters were compared with the ones obtained with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy （FTIR）. The chosen reaction was ethyl benzoate saponification performed in homogeneous reaction medium, although it is known as heterogeneous reaction. Thus, the rate expression was developed where no mass transfer is considered. The reaction was carried out in a MettlerTM RCI reaction calorimeter.

supported by the National Natural Science Foundation ofChina(Grant No.41476131),the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.14ZZ143), the Shanghai Universities Plateau Discipline Project of Marine Sciences and the Peak Discip

Prevention of annual"green tides"caused by blooms of the green macroalga Ulva prolifera,which have occurred in the Yellow Sea since 2007,has received much attention.Increasing evidence indicates that micro-propagules on the rafts used for Porphyra yezoensis aquaculture along the coastline of Jiangsu Province in China,were the primary source of these green tides.In this study,we investigated the effectiveness of a silicone antifouling coating for preventing the adhesion and germination of U.prolifera micro-propagules on bamboo and nylon ropes,which have been used in rafts for P.yezoensis aquaculture.Our results demonstrated that a coating of silicone(Sylgard 184)containing 1.0 wt.%sodium benzoate(NaB)could reduce the adhesion rate to<5%and completely inhibited the growth of U.prolifera propagules on the coated surfaces.Coating bamboo and nylon ropes with NaB-incorporated silicone thus proved a potentially effective method for controlling the initial biomass accumulation of U.prolifera.

Analysis of treatment regimen in a pregnant patient with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency

As a common urea-cycle disorder, ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency(OTCD) disables the conversion of ammonia into non-toxic urea, and its subsequent excretion results in hyperammonemia. We reported a 28-year-old woman who was diagnosed with OTCD during her first pregnancy. She was treated with arginine, citrulline and sodium benzoate for complications associated with hyperammonemia, and her protein intake was restricted. The patient’s condition was stabilized, and she delivered a baby boy via cesarean section. However, the baby died 2d later. During her second pregnancy, prenatal screening suggested that the fetus had OTCD, and an induced abortion was performed. During her third pregnancy, fetal OTCD was ruled out, and the patient was treated with oral sodium benzoate. Her blood ammonia level was stabilized, and a baby boy was successfully delivered via cesarean section. This case described the treatment process of the pregnant patient with OTCD, and the safety and efficacy of sodium benzoate were evaluated. Collectively, our findings provided the experience and evidence for the drug selection and treatment of these rare diseases.

Functional films based on mechanoactivated starch with prolonged release of preservative

Use of active edible films containing an antimicrobial agent-a new method of extending the shelf life of food products.Ensuring the controlled release of the preservative from the film is an urgent task.This work aims to introduce a new environmentally friendly process for the production of antifungal starch films with a prolonged release of a preservative using mechanoactivation in a rotor-stator device (RSD).Active films based on mechanoactivated starch hydrogels containing 0–5.0% (w/w) benzoic acid as a preservative and chitosan as a solubilizing additive (St-BA-Ch),as well as films containing sodium benzoate (St-SB) for comparison,were obtained by the casting method.Films were characterized using optical and atomic force microscopy,X-ray diffraction and tensile and moisture permeability testing data.It was found that benzoic acid is present in the St-BА-Ch-films in the form of submicron particles.St-BА-Ch films showed greater tensile strength and a lower release rate of the preservative into model media compared to St-SB films.It is established that mechanical activation of casting hydrogels in RSD allows increasing the strength films by an average of 2 times,as well as reducing the release rate of the preservative and the vapor permeability of the films.The antifungal activity of the films was confirmed using Aspergillus niger.The developed active St-BА-Ch film can be recommended for use in the food industry to extend the shelf life of food products.