A rapid, straightforward, sensitive, efficient, and cost-effective reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was employed for the simultaneous determination of Sorbitol, Sodium Lactate, and Chloride...A rapid, straightforward, sensitive, efficient, and cost-effective reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was employed for the simultaneous determination of Sorbitol, Sodium Lactate, and Chlorides in a drug solution for infusion. Sorbitol, Sodium lactate, and Chloride are all officially recognized in the USP monograph. Assay methods are provided through various techniques, with titrations being ineffective for trace-level quantification. Alternatively, IC, AAS, and ICP-MS, though highly accurate, are costly and often unavailable to most testing facilities. When considering methods, it’s important to prioritize both quality control requirements and user-friendly techniques. A simple HPLC simultaneous method was developed for the quantification of Chlorides, Sorbitol, and Sodium Lactate with a shorter run time. The separation utilized a Shimpack SCR-102(H) ion exclusion analytical column (7.9 mm × 300 mm, 7 μm), with a flow rate of 0.6 mL per min. The column compartment temperature was maintained at 40°C, and the injection volume was set at 10 μL, with detection at 200 nm. All measurements were conducted in a 0.1% solution of phosphoric acid. The analytical curves demonstrated linearity (r > 0.9999) in the concentration range of 0.79 to 3.8 mg per mL for Sodium Lactate (SL), 0.16 to 0.79 mg per mL for Sodium Chloride (SC), and 1.5 to 7.2 mg per mL for Sorbitol. Validation of the developed method followed the guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH Q2B) and USP. The method exhibited precision, robustness, accuracy, and selectivity. In accelerated stability testing over 6 months, no significant variations were observed in organoleptic analysis and pH. Consequently, the developed method is deemed suitable for routine quality control analyses, enabling the simultaneous determination of Sodium Lactate, Sodium Chloride, and Sorbitol in pharmaceutical formulations and infusions.展开更多
This paper describes an effective method for determining ciprofloxacin lactate. An excess of sodium tetraphenylboron was added to precipitate ciprofloxacin lactate in HAc-NaAc buffer solution (pH=4.0). After filtering...This paper describes an effective method for determining ciprofloxacin lactate. An excess of sodium tetraphenylboron was added to precipitate ciprofloxacin lactate in HAc-NaAc buffer solution (pH=4.0). After filtering off the precipitate, the excessive sodium tetraphenylboron in the filtrate was titrated with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide standard solution, with bromophenol blue as indicator. The method is simple and rapid, it has been applied to the determination of ciprofloxacin lactate raw material with satisfactory results. The recovery was between 99.66% and 100.2%, the relative error was less than ±0.40%. Experiments showed that the method gave the same results as the approach using nonaqueous titration (ChP).展开更多
This study was conducted to analyze the effects of sodium nitrite,nisin,potassium sorbate,and sodium lactate against Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)growth and staphylococcal enterotoxins(SEs)production in cooked pork ...This study was conducted to analyze the effects of sodium nitrite,nisin,potassium sorbate,and sodium lactate against Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)growth and staphylococcal enterotoxins(SEs)production in cooked pork sausage by inoculating sausage samples containing preservative with an S.aureus strain producing staphylococcal enterotoxin A(SEA)and then storing them at 37℃ for 36 h.Samples were analyzed every 3 h to count the S.aureus colonies and to detect SEA.The modified Gompertz model was used to describe S.aureus growth in the samples under various conditions,and the preservatives with a significant antimicrobial effect were selected.In addition,the antimicrobial effects of the selected preservatives under various concentrations were tested.Results showed that sodium nitrite,nisin,and potassium sorbate had a weak effect against S.aureus growth and had no effect against SEA production,whereas sodium lactate could significantly inhibit S.aureus growth and SEA production.Moreover,the antimicrobial effect of sodium lactate was concentration-dependent,wherein sodium lactate concentration<12 g/kg showed no inhibitory effect,but when the concentration was increased to 24 g/kg,sodium lactate could effectively inhibit S.aureus growth and SEA production,and at 48 g/kg,sodium lactate had a significant inhibitory effect.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of the variability of Nas,Cls,Ks,lactate values and sodium effect(NaEffect),chloride effect(ClEffect),non-lactate strong ion difference(SIDnl)values calculated according to Stewart...Objective:To investigate the effect of the variability of Nas,Cls,Ks,lactate values and sodium effect(NaEffect),chloride effect(ClEffect),non-lactate strong ion difference(SIDnl)values calculated according to Stewart’s approach on predicting intensive care unit(ICU)mortality.Methods:The study was conducted on 1539 patients,retrospectively.Serum Na(Nas),serum Cl(Cls),serum K(Ks),serum Ca(Cas),serum Mg(Mgs),lactate,pH values and SIDnl,NaEffect,ClEffect,APACHEⅡ(first,last),and SOFA(first,last)scores were recorded.Radiometer ABL 800(Denmark)was used for blood gas analysis.The variability of each parameter was calculated.The effect of variability of each parameter on 30-day ICU mortality was analyzed.Results:The variability of lactate(P<0.001,OR=0.580,95%CI=0.505-0.652),pH(P=0.001,OR=0.004,95%CI=0.000-0.104),NaEffect(P<0.001,OR=0.550,95%CI=0.378-0.592),Ks(P<0.001,OR=0.385,95%CI=0.244-0.565)values were protective factors of ICU mortality and Cls value was a risk factor(P=0.004,OR=1.095,95%CI=1.024-1.164).Variability of ClEffect,SIDnl values did not affect ICU mortality.Conclusions:The variability of electrolytes is important.Electrolyte,effects,and lactate variability can guide treatment and fluid applications in ICU.展开更多
Photogalvanic cells are photoelectrochemical cells chargeable in light for solar energy conversion and storage. They may be energy source for the future, if their electrical performance is increased. In this study, a ...Photogalvanic cells are photoelectrochemical cells chargeable in light for solar energy conversion and storage. They may be energy source for the future, if their electrical performance is increased. In this study, a photosensitizer Lissamine green B, a reductant Ascorbic acid and a surfactant NaLS have been used in the photogalvanic cell. The generated photopotential and photocurrent are 850.0 mV and 375.0 μA respectively. The conversion efficiency of the cell, fill factor and the cell performance were observed 1.0257%, 0.2598% and 170.0 minutes in dark respectively. The effects of different parameters on the electrical output of the photogalvanic cell were observed. A mechanism was proposed for the photogeneration of electrical energy.展开更多
文摘A rapid, straightforward, sensitive, efficient, and cost-effective reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was employed for the simultaneous determination of Sorbitol, Sodium Lactate, and Chlorides in a drug solution for infusion. Sorbitol, Sodium lactate, and Chloride are all officially recognized in the USP monograph. Assay methods are provided through various techniques, with titrations being ineffective for trace-level quantification. Alternatively, IC, AAS, and ICP-MS, though highly accurate, are costly and often unavailable to most testing facilities. When considering methods, it’s important to prioritize both quality control requirements and user-friendly techniques. A simple HPLC simultaneous method was developed for the quantification of Chlorides, Sorbitol, and Sodium Lactate with a shorter run time. The separation utilized a Shimpack SCR-102(H) ion exclusion analytical column (7.9 mm × 300 mm, 7 μm), with a flow rate of 0.6 mL per min. The column compartment temperature was maintained at 40°C, and the injection volume was set at 10 μL, with detection at 200 nm. All measurements were conducted in a 0.1% solution of phosphoric acid. The analytical curves demonstrated linearity (r > 0.9999) in the concentration range of 0.79 to 3.8 mg per mL for Sodium Lactate (SL), 0.16 to 0.79 mg per mL for Sodium Chloride (SC), and 1.5 to 7.2 mg per mL for Sorbitol. Validation of the developed method followed the guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH Q2B) and USP. The method exhibited precision, robustness, accuracy, and selectivity. In accelerated stability testing over 6 months, no significant variations were observed in organoleptic analysis and pH. Consequently, the developed method is deemed suitable for routine quality control analyses, enabling the simultaneous determination of Sodium Lactate, Sodium Chloride, and Sorbitol in pharmaceutical formulations and infusions.
文摘This paper describes an effective method for determining ciprofloxacin lactate. An excess of sodium tetraphenylboron was added to precipitate ciprofloxacin lactate in HAc-NaAc buffer solution (pH=4.0). After filtering off the precipitate, the excessive sodium tetraphenylboron in the filtrate was titrated with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide standard solution, with bromophenol blue as indicator. The method is simple and rapid, it has been applied to the determination of ciprofloxacin lactate raw material with satisfactory results. The recovery was between 99.66% and 100.2%, the relative error was less than ±0.40%. Experiments showed that the method gave the same results as the approach using nonaqueous titration (ChP).
基金Development of Application Technology Project(No:2015-114)issued by Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai Municipal GovernmentNational Key Scientific Instruments Project(No:2013YQ150557)issued by Ministry of Science and Technology of the P.R.China.
文摘This study was conducted to analyze the effects of sodium nitrite,nisin,potassium sorbate,and sodium lactate against Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)growth and staphylococcal enterotoxins(SEs)production in cooked pork sausage by inoculating sausage samples containing preservative with an S.aureus strain producing staphylococcal enterotoxin A(SEA)and then storing them at 37℃ for 36 h.Samples were analyzed every 3 h to count the S.aureus colonies and to detect SEA.The modified Gompertz model was used to describe S.aureus growth in the samples under various conditions,and the preservatives with a significant antimicrobial effect were selected.In addition,the antimicrobial effects of the selected preservatives under various concentrations were tested.Results showed that sodium nitrite,nisin,and potassium sorbate had a weak effect against S.aureus growth and had no effect against SEA production,whereas sodium lactate could significantly inhibit S.aureus growth and SEA production.Moreover,the antimicrobial effect of sodium lactate was concentration-dependent,wherein sodium lactate concentration<12 g/kg showed no inhibitory effect,but when the concentration was increased to 24 g/kg,sodium lactate could effectively inhibit S.aureus growth and SEA production,and at 48 g/kg,sodium lactate had a significant inhibitory effect.
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of the variability of Nas,Cls,Ks,lactate values and sodium effect(NaEffect),chloride effect(ClEffect),non-lactate strong ion difference(SIDnl)values calculated according to Stewart’s approach on predicting intensive care unit(ICU)mortality.Methods:The study was conducted on 1539 patients,retrospectively.Serum Na(Nas),serum Cl(Cls),serum K(Ks),serum Ca(Cas),serum Mg(Mgs),lactate,pH values and SIDnl,NaEffect,ClEffect,APACHEⅡ(first,last),and SOFA(first,last)scores were recorded.Radiometer ABL 800(Denmark)was used for blood gas analysis.The variability of each parameter was calculated.The effect of variability of each parameter on 30-day ICU mortality was analyzed.Results:The variability of lactate(P<0.001,OR=0.580,95%CI=0.505-0.652),pH(P=0.001,OR=0.004,95%CI=0.000-0.104),NaEffect(P<0.001,OR=0.550,95%CI=0.378-0.592),Ks(P<0.001,OR=0.385,95%CI=0.244-0.565)values were protective factors of ICU mortality and Cls value was a risk factor(P=0.004,OR=1.095,95%CI=1.024-1.164).Variability of ClEffect,SIDnl values did not affect ICU mortality.Conclusions:The variability of electrolytes is important.Electrolyte,effects,and lactate variability can guide treatment and fluid applications in ICU.
文摘Photogalvanic cells are photoelectrochemical cells chargeable in light for solar energy conversion and storage. They may be energy source for the future, if their electrical performance is increased. In this study, a photosensitizer Lissamine green B, a reductant Ascorbic acid and a surfactant NaLS have been used in the photogalvanic cell. The generated photopotential and photocurrent are 850.0 mV and 375.0 μA respectively. The conversion efficiency of the cell, fill factor and the cell performance were observed 1.0257%, 0.2598% and 170.0 minutes in dark respectively. The effects of different parameters on the electrical output of the photogalvanic cell were observed. A mechanism was proposed for the photogeneration of electrical energy.
