All-solid-state sodium(Na)-metal batteries(ASSSMBs)are considered promising candidates for large-scale energy storage systems due to their abundant sodium resources,unparalleled safety performance,and impressive energ...All-solid-state sodium(Na)-metal batteries(ASSSMBs)are considered promising candidates for large-scale energy storage systems due to their abundant sodium resources,unparalleled safety performance,and impressive energy density.Na superionic conductors(NASICONs)are among the best enablers of ASSSMBs in view of their high ionic conductivity,ease of synthesis,and excellent thermal stability and good electrochemical/chemical compatibility with common electrodes.However,challenges surrounding the NASICON/electrode interface,such as high interfacial resistance and dendrite formation,have hindered the development of practical ASSSMBs based on NASICONs.This review starts with an explicit summary of the interface problems between the metallic Na anode and NASICON arising from mechanical,chemical,and electrochemical aspects(i.e.,poor interface contact,insulating side-reaction products,and irregular dendrite growth).Subsequently,we systematically analyze and logically categorize modification strategies for addressing anode interface problems and provide a comprehensive discussion on the underlying enhancement mechanisms.As such,we identify underlying and universal interface enhancement mechanisms by comparatively studying various modification strategies.Furthermore,we briefly summarize the challenges in the cathode/electrolyte interface and early-stage research efforts in constructing stable cathode/electrolyte interface and fabricating high-performance composite cathodes.Finally,key suggestions and future prospectives for the advancement of NASICON-based ASSSMBs are outlined.展开更多
Sodium metal batteries are emerging as promising energy storage technologies owing to their high-energy density and rich resources.However,the challenge of achieving continuous operation at high areal capacity hinders...Sodium metal batteries are emerging as promising energy storage technologies owing to their high-energy density and rich resources.However,the challenge of achieving continuous operation at high areal capacity hinders the application of this system.Here,a robust two-dimensional tin/sodium‒tin alloy interface was introduced onto an Al substrate as an anode via an industrial electroplating strategy.Unlike the widely accepted in situ formation of Na15Sn4 alloys,the formation of Na_(9)Sn_(4)alloys results in a semi-coherent interface with sodium due to low lattice mismatch(20.84%),which alleviates the lattice stress of sodium deposition and induces subsequent dense sodium deposition under high areal capacity.In addition,the strong interaction of Sn with anions allows more PF6−to preferentially participate in the interfacial solvation structure,thereby facilitating the formation of a thin(10 nm)NaF-rich solid electrolyte interface.Therefore,the substrate can withstand a high areal capacity of 5 mA h cm^(-2),exhibiting a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.7%.The full battery exhibits long-term cycling performance(600 cycles)with a low decay rate of 0.0018%per cycle at 60 mA g^(-1).展开更多
基金The authors are grateful for financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52202199)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2108085QE202)start-up grants from Anhui University(S020318008/007,S020118002/060).
文摘All-solid-state sodium(Na)-metal batteries(ASSSMBs)are considered promising candidates for large-scale energy storage systems due to their abundant sodium resources,unparalleled safety performance,and impressive energy density.Na superionic conductors(NASICONs)are among the best enablers of ASSSMBs in view of their high ionic conductivity,ease of synthesis,and excellent thermal stability and good electrochemical/chemical compatibility with common electrodes.However,challenges surrounding the NASICON/electrode interface,such as high interfacial resistance and dendrite formation,have hindered the development of practical ASSSMBs based on NASICONs.This review starts with an explicit summary of the interface problems between the metallic Na anode and NASICON arising from mechanical,chemical,and electrochemical aspects(i.e.,poor interface contact,insulating side-reaction products,and irregular dendrite growth).Subsequently,we systematically analyze and logically categorize modification strategies for addressing anode interface problems and provide a comprehensive discussion on the underlying enhancement mechanisms.As such,we identify underlying and universal interface enhancement mechanisms by comparatively studying various modification strategies.Furthermore,we briefly summarize the challenges in the cathode/electrolyte interface and early-stage research efforts in constructing stable cathode/electrolyte interface and fabricating high-performance composite cathodes.Finally,key suggestions and future prospectives for the advancement of NASICON-based ASSSMBs are outlined.
基金supported by the Science Technology and Innovation Team in the Universities of Henan Province(24IRTSTHN002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279121and 22409179)+1 种基金supported by the National Supercomputing Centre in Zhengzhouthe funding of Zhengzhou University。
文摘Sodium metal batteries are emerging as promising energy storage technologies owing to their high-energy density and rich resources.However,the challenge of achieving continuous operation at high areal capacity hinders the application of this system.Here,a robust two-dimensional tin/sodium‒tin alloy interface was introduced onto an Al substrate as an anode via an industrial electroplating strategy.Unlike the widely accepted in situ formation of Na15Sn4 alloys,the formation of Na_(9)Sn_(4)alloys results in a semi-coherent interface with sodium due to low lattice mismatch(20.84%),which alleviates the lattice stress of sodium deposition and induces subsequent dense sodium deposition under high areal capacity.In addition,the strong interaction of Sn with anions allows more PF6−to preferentially participate in the interfacial solvation structure,thereby facilitating the formation of a thin(10 nm)NaF-rich solid electrolyte interface.Therefore,the substrate can withstand a high areal capacity of 5 mA h cm^(-2),exhibiting a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.7%.The full battery exhibits long-term cycling performance(600 cycles)with a low decay rate of 0.0018%per cycle at 60 mA g^(-1).
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC1903400)the Key Program for International S&T Cooperation Projects of China(No.2021YFE0106800)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52164020,52174248)the Science and Technology Research Project of Education Department of Jiangxi Province,China(No.GJJ190442).
